Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (7): 93-100.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020264
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Dan-dan ZHANG(), Yuan-qing ZHANG(), Jing CHENG, Guang JIN, Bo LI, Dong-cai WANG, Fang XU, Rui-feng SUN
Received:
2020-06-08
Revised:
2020-11-16
Online:
2021-07-20
Published:
2021-06-03
Contact:
Yuan-qing ZHANG
Dan-dan ZHANG, Yuan-qing ZHANG, Jing CHENG, Guang JIN, Bo LI, Dong-cai WANG, Fang XU, Rui-feng SUN. Effects of different roughage combinations on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of Jinnan cattle[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(7): 93-100.
饲料 Forage | 水分 Moisture (%fresh) | 粗蛋白 Crude protein (CP, %DM) | 粗脂肪 Ether extract (EE, %DM) | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %DM) | 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %DM) | 粗灰分 Ash (%DM) | 淀粉 Starch (%DM) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
全株玉米青贮Whole plant corn silage (WCS) | 61.28 | 7.39 | 4.57 | 30.45 | 14.73 | 3.14 | 48.25 |
小麦秸秆Wheat straw (WS) | 40.73 | 5.45 | 2.19 | 65.24 | 46.32 | 10.44 | 2.89 |
苜蓿青贮Alfalfa silage (AS) | 80.07 | 19.41 | 2.98 | 38.14 | 28.33 | 13.98 | 1.21 |
Table 1 Nutrients of whole plant corn silage, wheat straw and alfalfa silage
饲料 Forage | 水分 Moisture (%fresh) | 粗蛋白 Crude protein (CP, %DM) | 粗脂肪 Ether extract (EE, %DM) | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %DM) | 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %DM) | 粗灰分 Ash (%DM) | 淀粉 Starch (%DM) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
全株玉米青贮Whole plant corn silage (WCS) | 61.28 | 7.39 | 4.57 | 30.45 | 14.73 | 3.14 | 48.25 |
小麦秸秆Wheat straw (WS) | 40.73 | 5.45 | 2.19 | 65.24 | 46.32 | 10.44 | 2.89 |
苜蓿青贮Alfalfa silage (AS) | 80.07 | 19.41 | 2.98 | 38.14 | 28.33 | 13.98 | 1.21 |
全株玉米青贮WCS | 小麦秸秆WS | 苜蓿青贮AS |
---|---|---|
80 | 10 | 10 |
70 | 10 | 20 |
70 | 20 | 10 |
60 | 10 | 30 |
60 | 20 | 20 |
60 | 30 | 10 |
50 | 10 | 40 |
50 | 20 | 30 |
50 | 30 | 20 |
50 | 40 | 10 |
0 | 100 | 0 |
100 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 0 | 100 |
Table 2 Different proportion of whole plant corn silage, wheat straw and alfalfa silage
全株玉米青贮WCS | 小麦秸秆WS | 苜蓿青贮AS |
---|---|---|
80 | 10 | 10 |
70 | 10 | 20 |
70 | 20 | 10 |
60 | 10 | 30 |
60 | 20 | 20 |
60 | 30 | 10 |
50 | 10 | 40 |
50 | 20 | 30 |
50 | 30 | 20 |
50 | 40 | 10 |
0 | 100 | 0 |
100 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 0 | 100 |
全株玉米青贮∶小麦秸秆∶苜蓿青贮 WCS∶WS∶AS | GP2 (mL·kg-1 DM) | GP4 (mL·kg-1 DM) | GP8 (mL·kg-1 DM) | GP12 (mL·kg-1 DM) | GP24 (mL·kg-1 DM) | GP36 (mL·kg-1 DM) | GP48 (mL·kg-1 DM) | GP72 (mL·kg-1 DM) | 理论最大产气量Theological maximum gas production (b, mL·kg-1 DM) | 产气速度Gas production rate (c, mL·h-1) | 产气延滞期Lag time of gas production (Lag, h) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
80∶10∶10 | 50.40a | 98.22a | 198.05b | 237.32b | 279.57b | 303.05b | 311.89b | 324.15b | 309.245b | 0.124abc | 0.603b |
70∶10∶20 | 48.34ab | 99.26a | 189.94bc | 223.42c | 262.02c | 285.52c | 295.23c | 307.42c | 291.503c | 0.125abc | 0.495bc |
70∶20∶10 | 42.00c | 85.94bc | 174.38d | 210.04cd | 250.75cd | 273.80cd | 284.44cd | 297.53cd | 282.241cd | 0.115cde | 0.572b |
60∶10∶30 | 48.59ab | 96.54a | 179.67cd | 213.21cd | 250.33cd | 269.82d | 278.16d | 288.56de | 275.345d | 0.127ab | 0.440bcd |
60∶20∶20 | 43.09c | 87.46b | 173.67d | 207.36d | 247.18d | 268.79d | 278.50d | 290.63d | 276.265d | 0.118bcd | 0.538b |
60∶30∶10 | 45.32bc | 86.63bc | 161.05e | 193.59e | 232.78e | 254.70e | 264.04e | 275.73ef | 263.187e | 0.109def | 0.231e |
50∶10∶40 | 48.65ab | 95.26a | 175.21d | 211.03cd | 250.15cd | 271.76d | 281.11d | 293.59d | 279.456d | 0.116bcd | 0.363cde |
50∶20∶30 | 45.40bc | 88.54b | 147.25f | 178.96f | 216.61f | 237.54f | 246.45f | 258.02g | 247.225f | 0.101fg | 0.221e |
50∶30∶20 | 47.42ab | 87.76b | 159.23e | 191.95e | 231.34e | 253.74e | 263.39e | 275.26ef | 263.159e | 0.105efg | 0.228e |
50∶40∶10 | 47.54ab | 84.19bc | 146.46f | 178.14f | 220.75ef | 242.70ef | 251.45ef | 263.44fg | 253.818ef | 0.095g | 0.314de |
0∶100∶0 | 14.82d | 27.80d | 60.71g | 93.05g | 156.07h | 191.52h | 206.39g | 224.56h | 233.983g | 0.047h | 1.062a |
100∶0∶0 | 48.33ab | 98.09a | 218.00a | 258.58a | 300.51a | 324.52a | 334.70a | 347.23a | 330.449a | 0.135a | 0.931a |
0∶0∶100 | 44.80bc | 81.76c | 142.75f | 171.42f | 202.41g | 208.18g | 215.28g | 218.39h | 218.016h | 0.130a | 0.319de |
标准误SEM | 1.31 | 1.64 | 4.07 | 4.29 | 4.34 | 4.22 | 4.25 | 18.88 | 3.805 | 0.004 | 0.054 |
P值P-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Table 3 Effects of different proportion of whole plant corn silage, wheat straw and alfalfa silage on GP
全株玉米青贮∶小麦秸秆∶苜蓿青贮 WCS∶WS∶AS | GP2 (mL·kg-1 DM) | GP4 (mL·kg-1 DM) | GP8 (mL·kg-1 DM) | GP12 (mL·kg-1 DM) | GP24 (mL·kg-1 DM) | GP36 (mL·kg-1 DM) | GP48 (mL·kg-1 DM) | GP72 (mL·kg-1 DM) | 理论最大产气量Theological maximum gas production (b, mL·kg-1 DM) | 产气速度Gas production rate (c, mL·h-1) | 产气延滞期Lag time of gas production (Lag, h) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
80∶10∶10 | 50.40a | 98.22a | 198.05b | 237.32b | 279.57b | 303.05b | 311.89b | 324.15b | 309.245b | 0.124abc | 0.603b |
70∶10∶20 | 48.34ab | 99.26a | 189.94bc | 223.42c | 262.02c | 285.52c | 295.23c | 307.42c | 291.503c | 0.125abc | 0.495bc |
70∶20∶10 | 42.00c | 85.94bc | 174.38d | 210.04cd | 250.75cd | 273.80cd | 284.44cd | 297.53cd | 282.241cd | 0.115cde | 0.572b |
60∶10∶30 | 48.59ab | 96.54a | 179.67cd | 213.21cd | 250.33cd | 269.82d | 278.16d | 288.56de | 275.345d | 0.127ab | 0.440bcd |
60∶20∶20 | 43.09c | 87.46b | 173.67d | 207.36d | 247.18d | 268.79d | 278.50d | 290.63d | 276.265d | 0.118bcd | 0.538b |
60∶30∶10 | 45.32bc | 86.63bc | 161.05e | 193.59e | 232.78e | 254.70e | 264.04e | 275.73ef | 263.187e | 0.109def | 0.231e |
50∶10∶40 | 48.65ab | 95.26a | 175.21d | 211.03cd | 250.15cd | 271.76d | 281.11d | 293.59d | 279.456d | 0.116bcd | 0.363cde |
50∶20∶30 | 45.40bc | 88.54b | 147.25f | 178.96f | 216.61f | 237.54f | 246.45f | 258.02g | 247.225f | 0.101fg | 0.221e |
50∶30∶20 | 47.42ab | 87.76b | 159.23e | 191.95e | 231.34e | 253.74e | 263.39e | 275.26ef | 263.159e | 0.105efg | 0.228e |
50∶40∶10 | 47.54ab | 84.19bc | 146.46f | 178.14f | 220.75ef | 242.70ef | 251.45ef | 263.44fg | 253.818ef | 0.095g | 0.314de |
0∶100∶0 | 14.82d | 27.80d | 60.71g | 93.05g | 156.07h | 191.52h | 206.39g | 224.56h | 233.983g | 0.047h | 1.062a |
100∶0∶0 | 48.33ab | 98.09a | 218.00a | 258.58a | 300.51a | 324.52a | 334.70a | 347.23a | 330.449a | 0.135a | 0.931a |
0∶0∶100 | 44.80bc | 81.76c | 142.75f | 171.42f | 202.41g | 208.18g | 215.28g | 218.39h | 218.016h | 0.130a | 0.319de |
标准误SEM | 1.31 | 1.64 | 4.07 | 4.29 | 4.34 | 4.22 | 4.25 | 18.88 | 3.805 | 0.004 | 0.054 |
P值P-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
全株玉米青贮∶小麦秸秆∶苜蓿青贮 WCS∶WS∶AS | 体外干物质降 解率IVDMD (%) | 氨态氮NH3-N (mg·100 mL-1) | pH |
---|---|---|---|
80∶10∶10 | 73.76bc | 18.39bcd | 6.72cd |
70∶10∶20 | 73.22bcd | 18.02cd | 6.76bc |
70∶20∶10 | 74.83b | 26.01a | 6.72cd |
60∶10∶30 | 72.22cde | 22.21abc | 6.74bcd |
60∶20∶20 | 71.67de | 19.61bc | 6.80b |
60∶30∶10 | 70.36efg | 20.43bc | 6.73cd |
50∶10∶40 | 73.37bcd | 22.66ab | 6.72cd |
50∶20∶30 | 70.83ef | 19.02bc | 6.76bc |
50∶30∶20 | 69.59fg | 21.91abc | 6.75bc |
50∶40∶10 | 68.56g | 18.82bc | 6.75bc |
0∶100∶0 | 59.16h | 17.65cd | 6.76bc |
100∶0∶0 | 78.74a | 14.31d | 6.68d |
0∶0∶100 | 60.45h | 25.36a | 6.89a |
标准误SEM | 0.61 | 1.48 | 0.02 |
P值P-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Table 4 Effects of different proportion of whole plant corn silage, wheat straw and alfalfa silage on fermentation index in vitro
全株玉米青贮∶小麦秸秆∶苜蓿青贮 WCS∶WS∶AS | 体外干物质降 解率IVDMD (%) | 氨态氮NH3-N (mg·100 mL-1) | pH |
---|---|---|---|
80∶10∶10 | 73.76bc | 18.39bcd | 6.72cd |
70∶10∶20 | 73.22bcd | 18.02cd | 6.76bc |
70∶20∶10 | 74.83b | 26.01a | 6.72cd |
60∶10∶30 | 72.22cde | 22.21abc | 6.74bcd |
60∶20∶20 | 71.67de | 19.61bc | 6.80b |
60∶30∶10 | 70.36efg | 20.43bc | 6.73cd |
50∶10∶40 | 73.37bcd | 22.66ab | 6.72cd |
50∶20∶30 | 70.83ef | 19.02bc | 6.76bc |
50∶30∶20 | 69.59fg | 21.91abc | 6.75bc |
50∶40∶10 | 68.56g | 18.82bc | 6.75bc |
0∶100∶0 | 59.16h | 17.65cd | 6.76bc |
100∶0∶0 | 78.74a | 14.31d | 6.68d |
0∶0∶100 | 60.45h | 25.36a | 6.89a |
标准误SEM | 0.61 | 1.48 | 0.02 |
P值P-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
全株玉米青贮∶小麦秸秆∶苜蓿青贮 WCS∶WS∶AS | 乙酸 Acetic acid (mmol·L-1) | 丙酸 Propionic acid (mmol·L-1) | 丁酸 Butyric acid (mmol·L-1) | 戊酸 Valeric acid (mmol·L-1) | 总挥发性脂肪酸 Total volatile fatty acids (mmol·L-1) | 乙酸/丙酸 Acetic acid/propionic acid |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
80∶10∶10 | 37.53b | 13.29a | 5.93a | 0.90bc | 59.75b | 2.83 |
70∶10∶20 | 38.41b | 13.52a | 6.11a | 0.94bc | 61.18b | 2.85 |
70∶20∶10 | 33.13d | 11.59b | 5.30b | 0.74de | 52.57c | 2.87 |
60∶10∶30 | 38.69bd | 13.69a | 5.91a | 0.90bc | 61.37b | 2.83 |
60∶20∶20 | 34.62d | 11.95b | 5.33b | 0.79cd | 54.61c | 2.91 |
60∶30∶10 | 40.92a | 13.99a | 5.98a | 0.98ab | 64.09a | 2.93 |
50∶10∶40 | 26.03e | 9.11c | 4.27cd | 0.62ef | 41.54d | 2.86 |
50∶20∶30 | 38.69b | 13.49a | 5.85a | 0.93bc | 61.14b | 2.87 |
50∶30∶20 | 36.46c | 13.25a | 6.09a | 0.85bcd | 58.67b | 2.76 |
50∶40∶10 | 34.10d | 11.44b | 4.65c | 1.10a | 53.43c | 2.98 |
0∶100∶0 | 21.29f | 6.65d | 3.19f | 0.45g | 32.78e | 3.20 |
100∶0∶0 | 27.20e | 8.68c | 3.46ef | 0.44g | 40.91d | 3.14 |
0∶0∶100 | 25.93e | 8.83c | 3.83de | 0.58fg | 40.56d | 2.94 |
标准误SEM | 0.54 | 0.33 | 0.17 | 0.05 | 0.85 | 0.09 |
P值P-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.090 |
Table 5 Effects of different proportion of whole plant corn silage, wheat straw and alfalfa silage on VFA
全株玉米青贮∶小麦秸秆∶苜蓿青贮 WCS∶WS∶AS | 乙酸 Acetic acid (mmol·L-1) | 丙酸 Propionic acid (mmol·L-1) | 丁酸 Butyric acid (mmol·L-1) | 戊酸 Valeric acid (mmol·L-1) | 总挥发性脂肪酸 Total volatile fatty acids (mmol·L-1) | 乙酸/丙酸 Acetic acid/propionic acid |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
80∶10∶10 | 37.53b | 13.29a | 5.93a | 0.90bc | 59.75b | 2.83 |
70∶10∶20 | 38.41b | 13.52a | 6.11a | 0.94bc | 61.18b | 2.85 |
70∶20∶10 | 33.13d | 11.59b | 5.30b | 0.74de | 52.57c | 2.87 |
60∶10∶30 | 38.69bd | 13.69a | 5.91a | 0.90bc | 61.37b | 2.83 |
60∶20∶20 | 34.62d | 11.95b | 5.33b | 0.79cd | 54.61c | 2.91 |
60∶30∶10 | 40.92a | 13.99a | 5.98a | 0.98ab | 64.09a | 2.93 |
50∶10∶40 | 26.03e | 9.11c | 4.27cd | 0.62ef | 41.54d | 2.86 |
50∶20∶30 | 38.69b | 13.49a | 5.85a | 0.93bc | 61.14b | 2.87 |
50∶30∶20 | 36.46c | 13.25a | 6.09a | 0.85bcd | 58.67b | 2.76 |
50∶40∶10 | 34.10d | 11.44b | 4.65c | 1.10a | 53.43c | 2.98 |
0∶100∶0 | 21.29f | 6.65d | 3.19f | 0.45g | 32.78e | 3.20 |
100∶0∶0 | 27.20e | 8.68c | 3.46ef | 0.44g | 40.91d | 3.14 |
0∶0∶100 | 25.93e | 8.83c | 3.83de | 0.58fg | 40.56d | 2.94 |
标准误SEM | 0.54 | 0.33 | 0.17 | 0.05 | 0.85 | 0.09 |
P值P-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.090 |
全株玉米青贮∶小麦秸秆∶苜蓿青贮 WCS∶WS∶AS | 单项组合效应值SFAEI | 综合组合效应值MFAEI | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
产气量GP | 体外干物质降解率IVDMD | pH | 氨态氮NH3-N | 总挥发性脂肪酸TVFA | ||
80∶10∶10 | -0.0082 | -0.0159 | 0.1677 | 0.0017 | 0.4915 | 0.6367 |
70∶10∶20 | -0.0044 | 0.0013 | 0.0691 | 0.0046 | 0.5285 | 0.5991 |
70∶20∶10 | -0.0471 | 0.0251 | 0.6173 | -0.0005 | 0.3395 | 0.9343 |
60∶10∶30 | -0.0371 | 0.0129 | 0.2366 | -0.0025 | 0.5346 | 0.7446 |
60∶20∶20 | -0.0250 | 0.0071 | 0.1407 | 0.0083 | 0.3926 | 0.5238 |
60∶30∶10 | -0.0746 | -0.0096 | 0.2441 | 0.0003 | 0.6675 | 0.8277 |
50∶10∶40 | 0.0165 | 0.0562 | 0.1884 | -0.0080 | 0.0397 | 0.2928 |
50∶20∶30 | -0.0990 | 0.0216 | 0.0398 | -0.0002 | 0.5606 | 0.5228 |
50∶30∶20 | -0.0372 | 0.0055 | 0.2505 | 0.0002 | 0.5280 | 0.7470 |
50∶40∶10 | -0.0769 | -0.0075 | 0.1232 | 0.0026 | 0.4203 | 0.4617 |
Table 6 Associative effect of different proportion of whole plant corn silage, wheat straw and alfalfa silage
全株玉米青贮∶小麦秸秆∶苜蓿青贮 WCS∶WS∶AS | 单项组合效应值SFAEI | 综合组合效应值MFAEI | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
产气量GP | 体外干物质降解率IVDMD | pH | 氨态氮NH3-N | 总挥发性脂肪酸TVFA | ||
80∶10∶10 | -0.0082 | -0.0159 | 0.1677 | 0.0017 | 0.4915 | 0.6367 |
70∶10∶20 | -0.0044 | 0.0013 | 0.0691 | 0.0046 | 0.5285 | 0.5991 |
70∶20∶10 | -0.0471 | 0.0251 | 0.6173 | -0.0005 | 0.3395 | 0.9343 |
60∶10∶30 | -0.0371 | 0.0129 | 0.2366 | -0.0025 | 0.5346 | 0.7446 |
60∶20∶20 | -0.0250 | 0.0071 | 0.1407 | 0.0083 | 0.3926 | 0.5238 |
60∶30∶10 | -0.0746 | -0.0096 | 0.2441 | 0.0003 | 0.6675 | 0.8277 |
50∶10∶40 | 0.0165 | 0.0562 | 0.1884 | -0.0080 | 0.0397 | 0.2928 |
50∶20∶30 | -0.0990 | 0.0216 | 0.0398 | -0.0002 | 0.5606 | 0.5228 |
50∶30∶20 | -0.0372 | 0.0055 | 0.2505 | 0.0002 | 0.5280 | 0.7470 |
50∶40∶10 | -0.0769 | -0.0075 | 0.1232 | 0.0026 | 0.4203 | 0.4617 |
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