Effects of Alternanthera philoxeroides invasion on plant diversity in the riparian zones of downtown Chongqing in the Three Gorges Reservoir area

doi:10.11686/cyxb2021447

Abstract

Abstract:

To assess the impact of the Alternanthera philoxeroides invasion on the species composition and diversity in the urban riparian zone， 47 sample sites in the riparian zones of downtown Chongqing in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of China were investigated. The results were as follows： 1） In the main waterway riparian zones， both the Patrick richness index and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index were significantly lower than in the tributary riparian zones， and the Pielou evenness index in the main waterway riparian zone was significantly higher than in the tributary riparian zone. There was no significant difference in the Simpson diversity index between the main waterway and the tributary riparian zone. 2） As the cover of invading A. philoxeroides increased， the Simpson diversity index， Shannon-Wiener diversity index， and Pielou evenness index of the main waterway and tributary riparian zones fell， after initially rising， and each diversity index’s invasion threshold differed. While the Patrick richness index dropped significantly in the tributary， the main waterway had no significant change. 3） The main soil factors affecting the species diversity of the main waterway riparian zone were organic matter， nitrate nitrogen， and total nitrogen. The main soil factors affecting the species diversity of the tributary riparian zone were soil moisture， total nitrogen and available phosphorus. 4） The invasion of A. philoxeroides was mainly correlated with available potassium， organic matter， and total nitrogen in the main waterway riparian zone. In contrast， it was more correlated with available phosphorus， available potassium， and total nitrogen in the tributary riparian zone. Our studies have shown that A. philoxeroides is more likely to invade habitats with high soil nutrient content. A mild invasion of A. philoxeroides promotes species diversity in urban riparian zones. In contrast， moderate and severe invasions will reduce species diversity， especially in tributary riparian zones. Thus， we should do more work to keep track of this invasive species and develop effective and practical ways to stop it from spreading.

Key words: urban riparian zone, Alternanthera philoxeroides, biological invasion, species diversity, soil factors

Li-miao ZHANG, Xue TAN, Zhi DONG, Jie ZHENG, Zhong-xun YUAN, Chang-xiao LI. Effects of Alternanthera philoxeroides invasion on plant diversity in the riparian zones of downtown Chongqing in the Three Gorges Reservoir area[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(9): 13-25.

Figures/Tables 10

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序号Number	名称Name	重要值IV
1	牛鞭草H. altissima	14.45
2	狗牙根C. dactylon	8.80
3	喜旱莲子草A. philoxeroides	4.17
4	葎草Humulus scandens	3.47
5	酸模叶蓼Polygonum lapathifolium	1.40
6	芦竹Arundo donax	1.03
7	双穗雀稗Paspalum paspaloides	0.51
8	蚕茧草Polygonum japonicum	0.49
9	香附子Cyperus rotundus	0.41
10	苍耳Xanthium sibiricum	0.36
11	狗尾草Setaria viridis	0.25
12	长芒稗Echinochloa caudata	0.24
13	芦苇Phragmites australis	0.18
14	马唐Digitaria sanguinalis	0.16
15	钻叶紫菀Aster subulatus	0.10
16	木贼Equisetum hyemale	0.07
17	甜根子草Saccharum spontaneum	0.07
18	水蓼Polygonum hydropiper	0.05
19	桑Morus alba	0.04
20	丁香蓼Ludwigia prostrata	0.03

序号Number	名称Name	重要值IV
1	牛鞭草H. altissima	14.45
2	狗牙根C. dactylon	8.80
3	喜旱莲子草A. philoxeroides	4.17
4	葎草Humulus scandens	3.47
5	酸模叶蓼Polygonum lapathifolium	1.40
6	芦竹Arundo donax	1.03
7	双穗雀稗Paspalum paspaloides	0.51
8	蚕茧草Polygonum japonicum	0.49
9	香附子Cyperus rotundus	0.41
10	苍耳Xanthium sibiricum	0.36
11	狗尾草Setaria viridis	0.25
12	长芒稗Echinochloa caudata	0.24
13	芦苇Phragmites australis	0.18
14	马唐Digitaria sanguinalis	0.16
15	钻叶紫菀Aster subulatus	0.10
16	木贼Equisetum hyemale	0.07
17	甜根子草Saccharum spontaneum	0.07
18	水蓼Polygonum hydropiper	0.05
19	桑Morus alba	0.04
20	丁香蓼Ludwigia prostrata	0.03

序号Number	名称Name	重要值IV	序号Number	名称Name	重要值IV
1	喜旱莲子草A. philoxeroides	27.05	39	打碗花Calystegia hederacea	0.23
2	狗牙根C. dactylon	14.22	40	反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus	0.21
3	牛鞭草H. altissima	11.34	41	酢浆草Oxalis corniculata	0.18
4	葎草H. scandens	10.29	42	狼杷草Bidens tripartita	0.18
5	稗Echinochloa crusgalli	6.82	43	碎米莎草Cyperus iria	0.18
6	鸭跖草Commelina communis	3.99	44	地果Ficus tikoua	0.15
7	水蓼P. hydropiper	3.65	45	天胡荽Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides	0.14
8	水芹Oenanthe javanica	2.81	46	叶下珠Phyllanthus urinaria	0.13
9	香附子C. rotundus	2.47	47	长芒稗E. caudata	0.13
10	钻叶紫菀A. subulatus	2.07	48	蔊菜Rorippa indica	0.12
11	马唐D. sanguinalis	1.69	49	青蒿Artemisia caruifolia	0.11
12	狗尾草S. viridis	1.39	50	构树Broussonetia papyrifera	0.10
13	苍耳X. sibiricum	1.33	51	落花生Arachis hypogaea	0.09
14	芦竹A. donax	1.32	52	蚕茧草P. japonicum	0.07
15	艾蒿Artemisia argyi	1.26	53	木耳菜Gynura cusimbua	0.07
16	雾水葛Pouzolzia zeylanica	0.86	54	薯蓣Dioscorea polystachya	0.07
17	牛筋草Eleusine indica	0.79	55	红薯Ipomoea batatas	0.06
18	鳢肠Eclipta prostrata	0.73	56	荔枝草Salvia plebeia	0.06
19	千金子Leptochloa chinensis	0.69	57	如意草Viola arcuata	0.06
20	节节草Commelina diffusa	0.67	58	紫苏Perilla frutescens	0.06
21	丁香蓼L. prostrata	0.66	59	车前草Plantago depressa	0.05
22	乌蔹莓Cayratia japonica	0.64	60	茄Solanum melongena	0.04
23	白茅Imperata cylindrica	0.63	61	空心菜Ipomoea aquatica	0.04
24	芦苇P. australis	0.58	62	龙葵Solanum nigrum	0.04
25	苏铁蕨Eclipta prostrata	0.57	63	甜根子草S. spontaneum	0.04
26	酸模叶蓼P. lapathifolium	0.54	64	旋鳞莎草Cyperus michelianus	0.04
27	双穗雀稗P. paspaloides	0.49	65	接骨草Sambucus javanica	0.03
28	铁苋菜Acalypha australis	0.49	66	牛至Origanum vulgare	0.03
29	小蓬草Conyza canadensis	0.47	67	山茱萸Cornus officinalis	0.03
30	积雪草Centella asiatica	0.44	68	问荆Equisetum arvense	0.03
31	荩草Arthraxon hispidus	0.36	69	苎麻Boehmeria nivea	0.03
32	薄荷Mentha canadensis	0.35	70	风轮菜Clinopodium chinense	0.02
33	藿香蓟Ageratum conyzoides	0.35	71	马齿苋Portulaca oleracea	0.02
34	鬼针草Bidens pilosa	0.33	72	毛酸浆Physalis pubescens	0.02
35	凤尾蕨Pteris cretica	0.29	73	糯米团Gonostegia hirta	0.02
36	火炭母Polygonum chinense	0.29	74	枇杷Eriobotrya japonica	0.02
37	酸模Rumex acetosa	0.24	75	桑M. alba	0.02
38	细叶旱芹Apium leptophyllum	0.24	76	石芥菜Mosla scabra	0.02

序号Number	名称Name	重要值IV	序号Number	名称Name	重要值IV
1	喜旱莲子草A. philoxeroides	27.05	39	打碗花Calystegia hederacea	0.23
2	狗牙根C. dactylon	14.22	40	反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus	0.21
3	牛鞭草H. altissima	11.34	41	酢浆草Oxalis corniculata	0.18
4	葎草H. scandens	10.29	42	狼杷草Bidens tripartita	0.18
5	稗Echinochloa crusgalli	6.82	43	碎米莎草Cyperus iria	0.18
6	鸭跖草Commelina communis	3.99	44	地果Ficus tikoua	0.15
7	水蓼P. hydropiper	3.65	45	天胡荽Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides	0.14
8	水芹Oenanthe javanica	2.81	46	叶下珠Phyllanthus urinaria	0.13
9	香附子C. rotundus	2.47	47	长芒稗E. caudata	0.13
10	钻叶紫菀A. subulatus	2.07	48	蔊菜Rorippa indica	0.12
11	马唐D. sanguinalis	1.69	49	青蒿Artemisia caruifolia	0.11
12	狗尾草S. viridis	1.39	50	构树Broussonetia papyrifera	0.10
13	苍耳X. sibiricum	1.33	51	落花生Arachis hypogaea	0.09
14	芦竹A. donax	1.32	52	蚕茧草P. japonicum	0.07
15	艾蒿Artemisia argyi	1.26	53	木耳菜Gynura cusimbua	0.07
16	雾水葛Pouzolzia zeylanica	0.86	54	薯蓣Dioscorea polystachya	0.07
17	牛筋草Eleusine indica	0.79	55	红薯Ipomoea batatas	0.06
18	鳢肠Eclipta prostrata	0.73	56	荔枝草Salvia plebeia	0.06
19	千金子Leptochloa chinensis	0.69	57	如意草Viola arcuata	0.06
20	节节草Commelina diffusa	0.67	58	紫苏Perilla frutescens	0.06
21	丁香蓼L. prostrata	0.66	59	车前草Plantago depressa	0.05
22	乌蔹莓Cayratia japonica	0.64	60	茄Solanum melongena	0.04
23	白茅Imperata cylindrica	0.63	61	空心菜Ipomoea aquatica	0.04
24	芦苇P. australis	0.58	62	龙葵Solanum nigrum	0.04
25	苏铁蕨Eclipta prostrata	0.57	63	甜根子草S. spontaneum	0.04
26	酸模叶蓼P. lapathifolium	0.54	64	旋鳞莎草Cyperus michelianus	0.04
27	双穗雀稗P. paspaloides	0.49	65	接骨草Sambucus javanica	0.03
28	铁苋菜Acalypha australis	0.49	66	牛至Origanum vulgare	0.03
29	小蓬草Conyza canadensis	0.47	67	山茱萸Cornus officinalis	0.03
30	积雪草Centella asiatica	0.44	68	问荆Equisetum arvense	0.03
31	荩草Arthraxon hispidus	0.36	69	苎麻Boehmeria nivea	0.03
32	薄荷Mentha canadensis	0.35	70	风轮菜Clinopodium chinense	0.02
33	藿香蓟Ageratum conyzoides	0.35	71	马齿苋Portulaca oleracea	0.02
34	鬼针草Bidens pilosa	0.33	72	毛酸浆Physalis pubescens	0.02
35	凤尾蕨Pteris cretica	0.29	73	糯米团Gonostegia hirta	0.02
36	火炭母Polygonum chinense	0.29	74	枇杷Eriobotrya japonica	0.02
37	酸模Rumex acetosa	0.24	75	桑M. alba	0.02
38	细叶旱芹Apium leptophyllum	0.24	76	石芥菜Mosla scabra	0.02

土壤因子 Soil factor	干流河岸带 The main waterway riparian zone	支流河岸带 The tributary riparian zone	土壤因子 Soil factor	干流河岸带 The main waterway riparian zone	支流河岸带 The tributary riparian zone
全碳TC （g·kg^-1）	17.35±0.36a	15.73±0.59a	有机质SOM （%）	0.70±0.07b	1.70±0.09a
全氮TN （g·kg^-1）	0.56±0.04b	1.22±0.05a	铵态氮NH₄⁺-N （mg·kg^-1）	1.90±0.19b	3.02±0.14a
全磷TP （g·kg^-1）	0.59±0.01a	0.60±0.02a	硝态氮NO₃^--N （mg·kg^-1）	1.44±0.16a	1.66±0.16a
全钾TK （g·kg^-1）	10.02±0.14b	12.45±0.18a	速效磷AP （mg·kg^-1）	8.10±0.60b	15.76±1.45a
pH	7.74±0.03a	7.62±0.03b	速效钾AK （mg·kg^-1）	26.56±1.26b	41.74±3.25a
容重BD （g·cm^-3）	1.15±0.04a	1.24±0.03a	土壤含水量SM （%）	29.14±2.11a	25.08±1.35a
温度T （℃）	33.46±0.59a	31.10±0.22b	氧化还原电位ORP （mV）	206.69±7.30b	230.33±4.12a