Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 1-14.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023342
Ying CAO1(), Ming-he NIE1, Yan SHEN1,2,3,4(), Yan HU5, Deng-bao MA5, Dong LI5, Teng-si HOU1, Peng FANG1, Xue-qin WANG1
Received:
2023-09-14
Revised:
2023-10-11
Online:
2024-08-20
Published:
2024-05-13
Contact:
Yan SHEN
Ying CAO, Ming-he NIE, Yan SHEN, Yan HU, Deng-bao MA, Dong LI, Teng-si HOU, Peng FANG, Xue-qin WANG. Changes in vegetation and soil characteristics and their correlations in grasslands at different stages of degradation on the desert steppe in an arid wind-sandy area of Ningxia[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(8): 1-14.
项目 Item | 未退化 Non-degradation | 轻度退化 Light degradation | 中度退化 Moderate degradation | 重度退化 Heavy degradation |
---|---|---|---|---|
海拔Altitude (m) | 1391.80~1528.00 | 1334.03~1527.00 | 1375.20~1504.50 | 1312.90~1529.10 |
样地Sample | A1、A2、A7、A16、A31、A34 | A3、A4、A5、A6、A14、A15、A19、A25、A29、A30、A35、A37 | A11、A12、A13、A20、A21、A22、A23、A24、A26、A27、A28、A36 | A8、A9、A10、A17、A18、A32、A33 |
盖度Coverage (%) | 87.29±2.66 | 78.61±1.66 | 46.16±2.94 | 23.50±4.78 |
AGB (g·m-2) | 179.44±7.61 | 76.24±5.39 | 39.14±3.06 | 18.68±2.21 |
Ratio (%) | 78.66±3.43 | 51.14±4.64 | 28.68±1.91 | 5.85±1.12 |
优势植物Dominant plants | 牛枝子L. potaninii,苦豆子S. alopecuroides,赖草L. secalinus | 短花针茅S. breviflora,猪毛蒿Artemisia scoparia,赖草L. secalinus | 白草P. flaccidum,虫实Corispermum hyssopifolium | 虫实C. hyssopifolium,雾冰藜Grubovia dasyphylla |
Table 1 Survey of desert steppe sample in different degradation stages
项目 Item | 未退化 Non-degradation | 轻度退化 Light degradation | 中度退化 Moderate degradation | 重度退化 Heavy degradation |
---|---|---|---|---|
海拔Altitude (m) | 1391.80~1528.00 | 1334.03~1527.00 | 1375.20~1504.50 | 1312.90~1529.10 |
样地Sample | A1、A2、A7、A16、A31、A34 | A3、A4、A5、A6、A14、A15、A19、A25、A29、A30、A35、A37 | A11、A12、A13、A20、A21、A22、A23、A24、A26、A27、A28、A36 | A8、A9、A10、A17、A18、A32、A33 |
盖度Coverage (%) | 87.29±2.66 | 78.61±1.66 | 46.16±2.94 | 23.50±4.78 |
AGB (g·m-2) | 179.44±7.61 | 76.24±5.39 | 39.14±3.06 | 18.68±2.21 |
Ratio (%) | 78.66±3.43 | 51.14±4.64 | 28.68±1.91 | 5.85±1.12 |
优势植物Dominant plants | 牛枝子L. potaninii,苦豆子S. alopecuroides,赖草L. secalinus | 短花针茅S. breviflora,猪毛蒿Artemisia scoparia,赖草L. secalinus | 白草P. flaccidum,虫实Corispermum hyssopifolium | 虫实C. hyssopifolium,雾冰藜Grubovia dasyphylla |
物种 Species | 科名 Family | 生活型 Habit | 退化阶段Degradation stage | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ND | LD | MD | HD | |||
赖草L. secalinus | 禾本科Gramineae | 多年生草本 Perennial herb | 1.40 | 1.91 | 0.97 | 1.36 |
白草P. flaccidum | 禾本科Gramineae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.73 | 1.55 | 2.34 | 2.19 |
芨芨草Neotrinia splendens | 禾本科Gramineae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.03 | — | — | — |
糙隐子草Cleistogenes squarrosa | 禾本科Gramineae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.29 | 0.74 | 0.43 | 0.01 |
沙芦草Agropyron mongolicum | 禾本科Gramineae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.14 | 0.40 | — | 0.50 |
短花针茅S. breviflora | 禾本科Gramineae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.44 | 2.06 | 0.62 | — |
锋芒草Tragus mongolorum | 禾本科Gramineae | 一年生草本Annual herb | — | — | 0.21 | 0.21 |
狗尾草Setaira viridis | 禾本科Gramineae | 一年生草本Annual herb | 0.36 | 0.59 | 0.33 | 0.70 |
画眉草Eragrostis pilosa | 禾本科Gramineae | 一年生草本Annual herb | 0.29 | 0.06 | 0.01 | — |
苦豆子S. alopecuroides | 豆科Leguminosae | 半灌木Subshrub | 1.14 | 0.66 | 1.44 | 0.35 |
牛枝子L. potaninii | 豆科Leguminosae | 半灌木Subshrub | 1.23 | 1.78 | 0.65 | 0.30 |
猫头刺Oxytropis aciphylla | 豆科Leguminosae | 半灌木Subshrub | 0.01 | 0.68 | 0.14 | — |
米口袋Gueldenstaedtia verna | 豆科Leguminosae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.14 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.14 |
披针叶野决明Thermopsis lanceolata | 豆科Leguminosae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.98 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.02 |
砂珍棘豆Oxytropis racemosa | 豆科Leguminosae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.07 | 0.40 | 0.32 | 0.03 |
二色棘豆Oxytropis bicolor | 豆科Leguminosae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.17 | 0.58 | 0.01 | — |
甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis | 豆科Leguminosae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.90 | 0.91 | 0.03 | 0.31 |
草木樨状黄芪Astragalus melilotoides | 豆科Leguminosae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.14 | 0.02 | — | 0.13 |
乳浆大戟Euphorbia esula | 大戟科Euphorbiaceae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.04 |
地锦Euphorbia humifusa | 大戟科Euphorbiaceae | 一年生草本Annual herb | — | 0.47 | 0.05 | 0.51 |
黑沙蒿Artemisia ordosica | 菊科Asteraceae | 半灌木Subshrub | — | — | 0.52 | — |
叉枝鸦葱Lipschitzia divaricata | 菊科Asteraceae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.09 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.87 |
蒲公英Taraxacum mongolicum | 菊科Asteraceae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.10 | — | — | 0.12 |
中华苦荬菜Ixeris chinensis | 菊科Asteraceae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 1.26 |
阿尔泰狗娃花Aster altaicus | 菊科Asteraceae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.06 | 0.52 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
砂蓝刺头Echinops gmelinii | 菊科Asteraceae | 一年生草本Annual herb | — | — | 0.43 | 0.07 |
猪毛蒿A. scoparia | 菊科Asteraceae | 一年生草本Annual herb | 0.91 | 1.98 | 0.07 | 1.52 |
雾冰藜G. dasyphylla | 苋科Amaranthaceae | 一年生草本Annual herb | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.01 | 2.73 |
灰绿藜Oxybasis glauca | 苋科Amaranthaceae | 一年生草本Annual herb | 0.16 | 0.09 | — | — |
虫实C. hyssopifolium | 苋科Amaranthaceae | 一年生草本Annual herb | 0.98 | 1.20 | 2.18 | 3.97 |
猪毛菜Kali collinum | 苋科Amaranthaceae | 一年生草本Annual herb | 0.42 | 1.02 | 0.53 | 0.55 |
蒺藜Tribulus terrestris | 蒺藜科Zygophyllaceae | 一年生草本Annual herb | 0.15 | 0.39 | 0.51 | 0.55 |
地梢瓜Cynanchum thesioides | 夹竹桃科Apocynaceae | 半灌木Subshrub | 0.14 | — | — | — |
华北白前Vincetoxicum mongolicum | 夹竹桃科Apocynaceae | 半灌木Subshrub | — | 0.21 | 0.40 | 0.33 |
田旋花Convolvulus arvensis | 旋花科Convolvulaceae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.13 | — |
银灰旋花Convolvulus ammannii | 旋花科Convolvulaceae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.17 | 0.10 | 0.21 | 0.10 |
远志Polygala tenuifolia | 远志科Polygalaceae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.26 | 0.10 | — | — |
二裂委陵菜Sibbaldianthe bifurca | 蔷薇科Rosaceae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | — | 0.04 | 0.01 | — |
蚓果芥Braya humilis | 十字花科Brassicaceae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.11 | — |
骆驼蓬Peganum harmala | 白刺科Nitrariaceae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.50 | 2.07 |
二色补血草Limonium bicolor | 白花丹科Plumbaginaceae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.01 | — | — | — |
黄花补血草Limonium aureum | 白花丹科Plumbaginaceae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.04 | — | — | — |
角蒿Incarvillea sinensis | 紫葳科Bignoniaceae | 一年生草本Annual herb | — | — | 0.02 | 0.04 |
Table 2 Plant species composition and important values of grassland under different degradation stages
物种 Species | 科名 Family | 生活型 Habit | 退化阶段Degradation stage | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ND | LD | MD | HD | |||
赖草L. secalinus | 禾本科Gramineae | 多年生草本 Perennial herb | 1.40 | 1.91 | 0.97 | 1.36 |
白草P. flaccidum | 禾本科Gramineae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.73 | 1.55 | 2.34 | 2.19 |
芨芨草Neotrinia splendens | 禾本科Gramineae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.03 | — | — | — |
糙隐子草Cleistogenes squarrosa | 禾本科Gramineae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.29 | 0.74 | 0.43 | 0.01 |
沙芦草Agropyron mongolicum | 禾本科Gramineae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.14 | 0.40 | — | 0.50 |
短花针茅S. breviflora | 禾本科Gramineae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.44 | 2.06 | 0.62 | — |
锋芒草Tragus mongolorum | 禾本科Gramineae | 一年生草本Annual herb | — | — | 0.21 | 0.21 |
狗尾草Setaira viridis | 禾本科Gramineae | 一年生草本Annual herb | 0.36 | 0.59 | 0.33 | 0.70 |
画眉草Eragrostis pilosa | 禾本科Gramineae | 一年生草本Annual herb | 0.29 | 0.06 | 0.01 | — |
苦豆子S. alopecuroides | 豆科Leguminosae | 半灌木Subshrub | 1.14 | 0.66 | 1.44 | 0.35 |
牛枝子L. potaninii | 豆科Leguminosae | 半灌木Subshrub | 1.23 | 1.78 | 0.65 | 0.30 |
猫头刺Oxytropis aciphylla | 豆科Leguminosae | 半灌木Subshrub | 0.01 | 0.68 | 0.14 | — |
米口袋Gueldenstaedtia verna | 豆科Leguminosae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.14 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.14 |
披针叶野决明Thermopsis lanceolata | 豆科Leguminosae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.98 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.02 |
砂珍棘豆Oxytropis racemosa | 豆科Leguminosae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.07 | 0.40 | 0.32 | 0.03 |
二色棘豆Oxytropis bicolor | 豆科Leguminosae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.17 | 0.58 | 0.01 | — |
甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis | 豆科Leguminosae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.90 | 0.91 | 0.03 | 0.31 |
草木樨状黄芪Astragalus melilotoides | 豆科Leguminosae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.14 | 0.02 | — | 0.13 |
乳浆大戟Euphorbia esula | 大戟科Euphorbiaceae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.04 |
地锦Euphorbia humifusa | 大戟科Euphorbiaceae | 一年生草本Annual herb | — | 0.47 | 0.05 | 0.51 |
黑沙蒿Artemisia ordosica | 菊科Asteraceae | 半灌木Subshrub | — | — | 0.52 | — |
叉枝鸦葱Lipschitzia divaricata | 菊科Asteraceae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.09 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.87 |
蒲公英Taraxacum mongolicum | 菊科Asteraceae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.10 | — | — | 0.12 |
中华苦荬菜Ixeris chinensis | 菊科Asteraceae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 1.26 |
阿尔泰狗娃花Aster altaicus | 菊科Asteraceae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.06 | 0.52 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
砂蓝刺头Echinops gmelinii | 菊科Asteraceae | 一年生草本Annual herb | — | — | 0.43 | 0.07 |
猪毛蒿A. scoparia | 菊科Asteraceae | 一年生草本Annual herb | 0.91 | 1.98 | 0.07 | 1.52 |
雾冰藜G. dasyphylla | 苋科Amaranthaceae | 一年生草本Annual herb | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.01 | 2.73 |
灰绿藜Oxybasis glauca | 苋科Amaranthaceae | 一年生草本Annual herb | 0.16 | 0.09 | — | — |
虫实C. hyssopifolium | 苋科Amaranthaceae | 一年生草本Annual herb | 0.98 | 1.20 | 2.18 | 3.97 |
猪毛菜Kali collinum | 苋科Amaranthaceae | 一年生草本Annual herb | 0.42 | 1.02 | 0.53 | 0.55 |
蒺藜Tribulus terrestris | 蒺藜科Zygophyllaceae | 一年生草本Annual herb | 0.15 | 0.39 | 0.51 | 0.55 |
地梢瓜Cynanchum thesioides | 夹竹桃科Apocynaceae | 半灌木Subshrub | 0.14 | — | — | — |
华北白前Vincetoxicum mongolicum | 夹竹桃科Apocynaceae | 半灌木Subshrub | — | 0.21 | 0.40 | 0.33 |
田旋花Convolvulus arvensis | 旋花科Convolvulaceae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.13 | — |
银灰旋花Convolvulus ammannii | 旋花科Convolvulaceae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.17 | 0.10 | 0.21 | 0.10 |
远志Polygala tenuifolia | 远志科Polygalaceae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.26 | 0.10 | — | — |
二裂委陵菜Sibbaldianthe bifurca | 蔷薇科Rosaceae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | — | 0.04 | 0.01 | — |
蚓果芥Braya humilis | 十字花科Brassicaceae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.11 | — |
骆驼蓬Peganum harmala | 白刺科Nitrariaceae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.50 | 2.07 |
二色补血草Limonium bicolor | 白花丹科Plumbaginaceae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.01 | — | — | — |
黄花补血草Limonium aureum | 白花丹科Plumbaginaceae | 多年生草本Perennial herb | 0.04 | — | — | — |
角蒿Incarvillea sinensis | 紫葳科Bignoniaceae | 一年生草本Annual herb | — | — | 0.02 | 0.04 |
退化阶段 Degradation stages | 土壤性质 Soil properties | 解释率 Explains (%) | F值 F value | P值 P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
总体All | 容重Bulk density (BD) | 43.2 | 26.6 | 0.002** |
速效磷Available phosphorus (AP) | 15.4 | 17.3 | 0.002** | |
全碳Total carbon (TC) | 12.1 | 9.2 | 0.004** | |
全氮Total nitrogen (TN) | 3.6 | 4.5 | 0.012* | |
速效氮Available nitrogen (AN) | 1.8 | 2.3 | 0.106 | |
未退化 Non-degradation | 全碳Total carbon (TC) | 49.8 | 15.9 | 0.002** |
速效钾Available potassium (AK) | 16.9 | 7.6 | 0.014* | |
容重Bulk density (BD) | 6.8 | 3.6 | 0.086 | |
砂粒Sand | 5.0 | 2.9 | 0.140 | |
全氮Total nitrogen (TN) | 4.9 | 3.0 | 0.124 | |
轻度退化 Light degradation | 速效钾Available potassium (AK) | 24.0 | 8.9 | 0.022* |
全氮Total nitrogen (TN) | 15.7 | 7.0 | 0.029* | |
含水量 Soil water content (SW) | 12.9 | 7.1 | 0.015* | |
黏粒Clay | 11.5 | 8.0 | 0.015* | |
容重Bulk density (BD) | 1.9 | 1.4 | 0.495 | |
中度退化 Moderate degradation | 容重Bulk density (BD) | 34.7 | 8.5 | 0.008** |
速效氮Available nitrogen (AN) | 12.2 | 3.4 | 0.042* | |
有机质Soil organic matter (SOM) | 9.4 | 3.0 | 0.052 | |
全氮Total nitrogen (TN) | 7.2 | 3.1 | 0.064 | |
含水量Soil water content (SW) | 7.2 | 2.6 | 0.092 | |
重度退化 Heavy degradation | 速效氮Available nitrogen(AN) | 19.1 | 4.5 | 0.008** |
容重Bulk density (BD) | 6.1 | 1.5 | 0.248 | |
速效磷Available phosphorus (AP) | 8.5 | 2.2 | 0.134 | |
速效钾Available potassium (AK) | 7.1 | 1.9 | 0.176 | |
全氮Total nitrogen (TN) | 3.7 | 1.0 | 0.386 |
Table 3 Explanatory quantity and significance test of soil properties in different degradation stages
退化阶段 Degradation stages | 土壤性质 Soil properties | 解释率 Explains (%) | F值 F value | P值 P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
总体All | 容重Bulk density (BD) | 43.2 | 26.6 | 0.002** |
速效磷Available phosphorus (AP) | 15.4 | 17.3 | 0.002** | |
全碳Total carbon (TC) | 12.1 | 9.2 | 0.004** | |
全氮Total nitrogen (TN) | 3.6 | 4.5 | 0.012* | |
速效氮Available nitrogen (AN) | 1.8 | 2.3 | 0.106 | |
未退化 Non-degradation | 全碳Total carbon (TC) | 49.8 | 15.9 | 0.002** |
速效钾Available potassium (AK) | 16.9 | 7.6 | 0.014* | |
容重Bulk density (BD) | 6.8 | 3.6 | 0.086 | |
砂粒Sand | 5.0 | 2.9 | 0.140 | |
全氮Total nitrogen (TN) | 4.9 | 3.0 | 0.124 | |
轻度退化 Light degradation | 速效钾Available potassium (AK) | 24.0 | 8.9 | 0.022* |
全氮Total nitrogen (TN) | 15.7 | 7.0 | 0.029* | |
含水量 Soil water content (SW) | 12.9 | 7.1 | 0.015* | |
黏粒Clay | 11.5 | 8.0 | 0.015* | |
容重Bulk density (BD) | 1.9 | 1.4 | 0.495 | |
中度退化 Moderate degradation | 容重Bulk density (BD) | 34.7 | 8.5 | 0.008** |
速效氮Available nitrogen (AN) | 12.2 | 3.4 | 0.042* | |
有机质Soil organic matter (SOM) | 9.4 | 3.0 | 0.052 | |
全氮Total nitrogen (TN) | 7.2 | 3.1 | 0.064 | |
含水量Soil water content (SW) | 7.2 | 2.6 | 0.092 | |
重度退化 Heavy degradation | 速效氮Available nitrogen(AN) | 19.1 | 4.5 | 0.008** |
容重Bulk density (BD) | 6.1 | 1.5 | 0.248 | |
速效磷Available phosphorus (AP) | 8.5 | 2.2 | 0.134 | |
速效钾Available potassium (AK) | 7.1 | 1.9 | 0.176 | |
全氮Total nitrogen (TN) | 3.7 | 1.0 | 0.386 |
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