Effects of different restoration materials on soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities in degraded alpine grassland

doi:10.11686/cyxb2024368

Abstract

Abstract:

The aim of this research was to determine the effects of different restoration materials on soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structure in degraded alpine grassland. Three restoration materials were tested： nitrogen fertilizer （22 g·m^-2）， biochar （4 kg·m^-2）， and a microbial inoculant （250 mL·m^-2）. Degraded alpine grassland without any added materials served as the control （CK）. The effects of these restoration materials on soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities in degraded alpine grassland were determined. The results show that the aboveground biomass was significantly affected by the restoration materials （P<0.05）， among which biochar and the microbial inoculant had better promoting effects， increasing the total biomass by 151.06% and 149.11%， respectively， compared with that in CK. The soil water content was significantly increased （P<0.05）， and the soil electrical conductivity was significantly decreased （P<0.05） in all the restoration treatments， compared with their respective values in CK. All the restoration materials significantly increased （P<0.05） the contents of soil nutrients （carbon， nitrogen， and phosphorus）， with the highest concentrations of total organic carbon， total nitrogen， and available phosphorus in the biochar treatment. The addition of restoration materials also affected soil microbial community structure. In particular， the biochar and microbial inoculant treatments resulted in significant increases （P<0.05） in microbial biomass， bacterial biomass， and fungal biomass， and in the relative contents of ectomycorrhizal fungi， methanotrophic bacteria， and saprotrophic fungi. The results of variation partitioning analysis indicated that soil pH， total nitrogen， total organic carbon， and available phosphorus were the main environmental variables affecting the microbial community structure in topsoil （0-20 cm）. Unlike other materials， biochar promoted a significant interaction between microorganisms， resulting in good synergy between changes in the soil environment and microbial community structure. In summary， although all three restoration materials improved the soil condition in degraded alpine grassland， biochar showed the best effects to fertilize soil and improve microbial community structure. Thus， biochar has greater potential for use in the restoration of degraded alpine grassland.

Key words: restoration materials, alpine grassland, soil physicochemical properties, microbial communities, degraded grassland restoration

Kun ZHANG, Jian-xia QIAO, Jin-sheng LI, Yu-peng WANG, Ke-si LIU. Effects of different restoration materials on soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities in degraded alpine grassland[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(8): 132-148.

Figures/Tables 13

References 70

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固定效应Fixed effect	地上生物量Aboveground biomass
材料Material	38.31***
年限Year	2.83
材料×年限Material×year	1.02

固定效应Fixed effect	地上生物量Aboveground biomass
材料Material	38.31***
年限Year	2.83
材料×年限Material×year	1.02

固定效应 Fixed effect	pH	电导率 Electric conductivity	含水量 Soil water content	有机碳 Total organic carbon	全氮 Total nitrogen	铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen	硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen	碳氮比 C/N	有效磷 Available phosphorus
材料Material （M）	24.61***	91.98***	38.00***	117.10***	17.61***	105.00***	41.02***	18.12***	37.54***
年限Year （Y）	75.19***	112.45***	43.04***	9.81***	27.82***	244.64***	50.64***	14.51***	12.80***
土层Soil layer （S）	9.49**	3.74	59.89***	247.13***	39.67***	334.25***	38.14***	7.44**	74.18***
材料×年限M×Y	5.50***	71.33***	12.81***	3.79**	3.37**	54.64***	15.33***	3.43**	3.05*
材料×土层M×S	1.32	0.77	3.45*	32.44***	0.80	22.43***	11.42***	6.20**	3.55*
年限×土层Y×S	0.62	1.17	3.04	15.89***	0.23	68.27***	18.73***	4.64*	1.66
材料×年限×土层M×Y×S	1.66	0.65	2.36*	2.00	0.67	5.68***	16.11***	0.57	2.21

固定效应 Fixed effect	pH	电导率 Electric conductivity	含水量 Soil water content	有机碳 Total organic carbon	全氮 Total nitrogen	铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen	硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen	碳氮比 C/N	有效磷 Available phosphorus
材料Material （M）	24.61***	91.98***	38.00***	117.10***	17.61***	105.00***	41.02***	18.12***	37.54***
年限Year （Y）	75.19***	112.45***	43.04***	9.81***	27.82***	244.64***	50.64***	14.51***	12.80***
土层Soil layer （S）	9.49**	3.74	59.89***	247.13***	39.67***	334.25***	38.14***	7.44**	74.18***
材料×年限M×Y	5.50***	71.33***	12.81***	3.79**	3.37**	54.64***	15.33***	3.43**	3.05*
材料×土层M×S	1.32	0.77	3.45*	32.44***	0.80	22.43***	11.42***	6.20**	3.55*
年限×土层Y×S	0.62	1.17	3.04	15.89***	0.23	68.27***	18.73***	4.64*	1.66
材料×年限×土层M×Y×S	1.66	0.65	2.36*	2.00	0.67	5.68***	16.11***	0.57	2.21

参数 Parameter	土层 Soil layer （cm）	年限 Year	处理Treatment
参数 Parameter	土层 Soil layer （cm）	年限 Year	CK	C	N	M
pH	0~10	1	7.12±0.05ab	7.36±0.12a	7.31±0.08a	6.99±0.08b
		2	7.55±0.03b	8.22±0.22a	8.00±0.49b	7.63±0.09b
		3	7.28±0.22b	7.78±0.05a	7.66±0.06ab	7.77±0.13a
	10~20	1	7.24±0.11a	7.31±0.08a	7.35±0.17a	7.28±0.12a
		2	7.48±0.09b	8.44±0.08a	8.25±0.23a	7.65±0.07b
		3	7.49±0.05b	7.81±0.11b	8.00±0.21a	7.78±0.01b
电导率 Electric conductivity （μs·cm^-1）	0~10	1	362.76±46.31b	502.00±20.85a	430.00±18.38ab	163.87±27.02c
		2	574.09±28.54a	302.58±31.56b	210.75±25.26c	186.53±16.66c
		3	209.80±21.20a	220.73±26.97a	129.79±41.39a	208.83±32.09a
	10~20	1	324.91±11.21b	419.00±16.06a	423.00±21.95a	161.80±28.45c
		2	605.27±99.51a	282.62±15.51b	107.65±7.77c	202.87±26.05c
		3	197.53±14.41a	198.33±23.10a	97.65±8.52b	171.83±25.92ab
含水量 Soil water content （%）	0~10	1	24.52±0.93a	24.35±0.83a	24.85±0.91a	26.97±1.90a
		2	18.82±0.38c	30.69±1.81a	30.87±2.67a	24.86±2.41b
		3	16.46±1.01b	27.01±2.66a	23.54±0.52a	24.18±0.77a
	10~20	1	21.14±0.71a	21.89±0.83a	22.68±1.91a	25.71±1.87a
		2	19.85±0.51b	27.31±0.75a	25.85±1.21a	21.43±1.65b
		3	16.08±0.81b	20.55±0.99a	19.01±1.74ab	16.86±0.94b