不同施肥模式对玉米各器官碳氮累积和分配的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2017370

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以长期定位试验为依托,选取:1)不施肥(CK);2)农民习惯施肥(FP);3)推荐施肥(OP);4)有机肥氮替代100%化肥氮(OM);5)有机肥氮替代50%化肥氮(MF)5个处理,研究不同施肥模式对玉米植株及各器官碳氮含量、碳氮分配比例及C/N的影响,为西南紫色土地区合理施肥、作物增产提供科学依据。结果表明,与FP处理相比,MF处理显著增加了玉米植株生物量,达26.2%。相比OM和OP处理,MF处理显著增加玉米苞叶和根茬中碳浓度,分别增加5.4、4.2 g·kg^-1和7.4、21.3 g·kg^-1,同时增加玉米苞叶、根茬、穗轴和籽粒中的碳储量,玉米茎秆和籽粒中的氮储量也有增加。此外,相比FP处理,MF处理能显著增加玉米整株的碳储量和氮储量,达29.1%和16.9%。等氮水平下,MF、OP处理均能增加玉米苞叶和籽粒中碳同化物的分配比例,MF处理玉米籽粒中氮素的分配比例较OP和OM处理分别增加1.7%和3.6%,同时MF处理能使玉米维持较高的C/N。综上,有机肥氮替代50%化肥氮能增加玉米植株的生物量,同时提高玉米对氮素的吸收和碳素的累积,增加玉米籽粒中碳同化物和氮素的分配比例,同时,有机肥氮替代50%化肥氮能使玉米植株维持较高的C/N,有利于产量的形成,该施肥方式不仅能够促进氮素的高效利用,减少化肥的投入,还能够减少化肥损失,降低氮素损失引发的环境风险。

关键词: 不同施肥, 玉米, 生物量, 碳氮

Abstract: This aim of this research was to determine how different fertilization regimes affect the content and proportional distribution of carbon, nitrogen, and the carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N) in maize. The overall aim of our research was to provide baseline data for the design of rational fertilization strategies to improve crop yield in Southwest China. We conducted a long-term fertilization experiment with five different treatments: CK (no fertilization), FP (farmers’ practice), OP (optimal chemical fertilization), OM (organic manure nitrogen replacing 100% chemical N), and MF (organic manure nitrogen replacing 50% chemical N). The biomass of maize was 26.2% higher in the MF treatment than in the FP treatment. Compared with the OM and OP treatments, the MF treatment resulted in significantly higher carbon content by 5.4 and 4.2 g·kg^-1, respectively, in maize bracts, and 7.4 and 21.3 g·kg^-1, respectively, in maize roots. Compared with the other treatments, the MF treatment resulted in higher carbon stocks in maize bracts, roots, corncobs, and grains, and significantly increased nitrogen stock in maize stems and grains. Compared with the FP treatment, the MF treatment resulted in significantly increased carbon stock and nitrogen stock by 29.1% and 16.9%, respectively, on a whole-plant basis. At the same nitrogen application rate, compared with the FP treatment, the MF and OP treatments resulted in significantly increased distribution of assimilated carbon to the maize bracts and grains. Compared with the OP and OM treatments, the MF treatment increased the distribution of assimilated carbon to maize grain by 1.7% and 3.6%, respectively. The MF treatment also resulted in a higher C/N ratio. In conclusion, replacing 50% chemical nitrogen with organic manure nitrogen increased biomass and the absorption and accumulation of nitrogen and carbon in maize. It also increased the proportion of carbon and nitrogen allocated to maize grain, and resulted in a higher C/N ratio, which was important for crop yield formation. Therefore, replacing 50% chemical nitrogen with organic manure nitrogen can increase the nitrogen-use efficiency of maize, and decrease chemical inputs and the loss of chemical fertilizer, thereby lowering the risk of nitrogen leaching into the environment.

Key words: different fertilizations, maize, biomass, carbon and nitrogen

谢军, 徐春丽, 陈轩敬, 王珂, 李丹萍, 张跃强, 石孝均. 不同施肥模式对玉米各器官碳氮累积和分配的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2018, 27(8): 50-58.

XIE Jun, XU Chun-li, CHEN Xuan-jing, WANG Ke, LI Dan-ping, ZHANG Yue-qiang, SHI Xiao-jun. Accumulation and distribution of carbon and nitrogen in various organs of maize under different fertilization regimes[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(8): 50-58.

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