苜蓿轮作玉米\小麦土壤浸提液对苜蓿种子萌发和幼苗生理及生长的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2017401

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 探讨苜蓿轮作玉米和小麦田的土壤浸提液对苜蓿种子萌发、幼苗生长及生理参数的影响,为苜蓿-玉米和苜蓿-小麦轮作体系研究提供参考。以5年紫花苜蓿根区土壤浸提液作为对照(CK),4种轮作模式(5年苜蓿-玉米记作AC、5年苜蓿-小麦记作AW;5年苜蓿-玉米-玉米记作ACC、5年苜蓿-小麦-小麦记作AWW)处理下,从玉米、小麦根区采集土壤提取浸提液,均制成10、50、160 g·L^-1浓度的土壤浸提液,分别处理“甘农3号”紫花苜蓿种子及幼苗,研究不同轮作模式下的土壤浸提液对苜蓿其种子萌发和幼苗生理及生长的影响。结果表明:1)不同轮作模式下各土壤浸提液浓度处理的苜蓿种子发芽率均显著高于CK(P<0.05),化感指数(RI)均大于0;每个处理浓度下AWW的种子发芽率均达最高值,较CK分别提高了29.22%,68.09%,54.24%(P<0.05),且显著高于AC、ACC、AW的种子发芽率。除ACC外,各轮作处理的土壤浸提液均对苜蓿幼苗胚芽、胚根的促进作用随土壤浸提液浓度的增加而增加,且各轮作模式的胚芽长和胚根长均显著高于CK(P<0.05);相同土壤浸提液浓度处理下,AWW的胚芽长显著高于AC、ACC、AW,胚根长显著高于AC、AW(P<0.05),而AWW与ACC的胚根长差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)随着土壤浸提液浓度的提高,各轮作模式下苜蓿幼苗的SS含量均显著提高、SOD活性显著增强(P<0.05),但AC和ACC的土壤浸提液使苜蓿幼苗的MDA含量快速提高、CAT活性增强,而AW和AWW的土壤浸提液使苜蓿幼苗中CAT活性显著减弱(P<0.05),MDA含量呈先下降后上升的变化趋势。

关键词: 轮作, 土壤浸提液, 种子萌发, 生理特性

Abstract: To provide references for the study of alfalfa-corn and alfalfa-wheat rotation systems, the allelopathic effects of rhizosphere soil extraction from alfalfa-corn and alfalfa-wheat fields on the seed germination, seedling physiology and growth indexes of Medicago sativa cv. Gannong No.3 were investigated. Soil extraction from a five-year alfalfa field served as control (CK). Four rotation treatments were investigated: five-year alfalfa-corn (AC), five-year alfalfa-wheat (AW), five-year alfalfa-corn-corn (ACC), and five-year alfalfa-wheat-wheat (AWW). Three soil extraction concentrations (10, 50 and 160 g·L^-1) were applied and seed germination and seedling growth rates were determined. The results showed that: 1) Seed germination percentages for all the rotation treatments under the three concentrations increased significantly compared with CK, with allelopathic indexes exceeding zero. Seed germination percentages under treatment AWW with soil extraction concentrations of 10, 50 and 160 g·L^-1were the highest at 29.22%, 68.09% and 54.24% more than CK respectively (P<0.05). There were also significant differences between AWW and the other rotation treatments. The germ and radical lengths of each treatment except for ACC increased as soil extraction concentrations went up and were significantly higher than that of CK (P<0.05). Under the same concentration, the germ length of treatment AWW significantly increased compared with AC, ACC, AW, and the radical length was significantly higher than that of AC and AW (P<0.05). However, the radical length of AWW was not significantly larger than that of ACC (P>0.05). 2) The soluble sugar content and superoxide dismutase activity of alfalfa seedlings in each rotation treatment were significantly enhanced with increasing soil extraction concentrations (P<0.05). The malondialdehyde content and catalase activity in treatments AC and ACC were significantly promoted, while in treatment AW and AWW the catalase activity weakened significantly (P<0.05) and the malondialdehyde content decreased at first and then increased.

Key words: rotation, soil extracts, seed germination, physiology characteristic

尹国丽, 吴芳, 陶茸, 师尚礼, 蔡卓山. 苜蓿轮作玉米\小麦土壤浸提液对苜蓿种子萌发和幼苗生理及生长的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2018, 27(5): 153-161.

YIN Guo-li, WU Fang, TAO Rong, SHI Shang-li, CAI Zhuo-shan. Effects of rhizosphere soil extraction from alfalfa-corn and alfalfa-wheat fields on alfalfa seed germination and seedling physiology and growth[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(5): 153-161.

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