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草业学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (9): 55-66.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2018566

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮磷互作对不同茬次滴灌苜蓿生产性能及营养品质的影响

苗晓茸, 孙艳梅, 于磊, 马春晖, 张前兵*   

  1. 石河子大学动物科技学院,新疆 石河子 832003
  • 收稿日期:2018-08-30 修回日期:2018-10-29 出版日期:2019-09-20 发布日期:2019-09-20
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail: qbz102@163.com
  • 作者简介:苗晓茸(1994-),女,陕西榆林人,在读硕士。E-mail: 916497408@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31660693),中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2018T111120,2017M613252),石河子大学青年创新人才培育计划项目(CXRC201605),兵团农业技术推广专项(CZ0021)和国家牧草产业技术体系项目(CARS-34)资助

Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer rate on hay yield and nutritional quality of alfalfa under drip irrigation

MIAO Xiao-rong, SUN Yan-mei, YU Lei, MA Chun-hui, ZHANG Qian-bing*   

  1. The college of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
  • Received:2018-08-30 Revised:2018-10-29 Online:2019-09-20 Published:2019-09-20
  • Contact: *E-mail: qbz102@163.com

摘要: 为探讨滴灌条件下不同氮磷互作模式对绿洲区滴灌苜蓿生产性能及营养品质的影响,本试验设置施N 105 (N1)和210 kg·hm-2(N2)2种梯度,施P2O5 0 (CK)、50 (P1)、100 (P2)和150 kg·hm-2(P3)4种施磷梯度,交互配施共8个处理(N1P0、N1P1、N1P2、N1P3、N2P0、N2P1、N2P2、N2P3),采用随机区组设计,对滴灌苜蓿各生长性状、干草产量及营养品质进行测定。结果表明:N1条件下,前3茬中,苜蓿的株高、茎粗、生长速度、干草产量和粗蛋白质含量均表现为P2处理大于其他处理;N2条件下,苜蓿的株高、茎粗、生长速度、干草产量和粗蛋白质含量均表现为P1处理大于其他处理;N1、N2条件下,各茬次苜蓿叶片、茎秆的酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维含量均表现为P2处理小于其他处理。P0、P2和P3条件下,前3茬中,苜蓿的株高、茎粗、生长速度、干草产量和粗蛋白质含量均表现为N1处理大于N2处理;相同施磷条件下,苜蓿叶片、茎秆的酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维含量均表现为N1处理小于N2处理。通过对苜蓿各生长性状指标与干草产量灰色关联度分析表明,生长速度和茎粗对苜蓿干草产量的贡献率较大,株高和茎叶比对苜蓿干草产量的贡献率较小。通过模糊相似优先比评价表明,不同氮磷处理下滴灌苜蓿各茬次的较优施肥模式为N1P2处理,此处理下,苜蓿能够获得较高干草产量(25103.19 kg·hm-2)、高蛋白含量(叶:23.60%~26.47%、茎:10.57%~11.76%)、低酸性洗涤纤维含量(叶:13.28%~17.41%、茎:38.63%~47.21%)和低中性洗涤纤维含量(叶:18.18%~22.93%、茎:49.53%~59.83%)。在新疆绿洲区,施氮(N)105 kg·hm-2、磷(P2O5)100 kg·hm-2有利于促进滴灌苜蓿干草产量的形成及营养品质的提高。

关键词: 苜蓿, 氮磷互作, 滴灌, 干草产量, 营养品质

Abstract: This research explored the effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer rates and their interaction on productivity and nutritional value of alfalfa under drip irrigation in the oasis region of Xinjiang. A randomized block design of two nitrogen levels (105 and 210 kg·ha-1) and four levels of P2O5 (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg·ha-1) was used, making a total of 8 treatments (N1P0, N1P1, N1P2, N1P3, N2P0, N2P1, N2P2, N2P3). Growth traits, hay yield and the nutritional value of the alfalfa were studied. It was found that under the N1 treatment, the plant height, stem diameter, growth rate, hay yield and crude protein of alfalfa in the P2 treatment were greater than other treatments in the first three cuts. However, under the N2 treatment these same responses were greater than other treatments in the P1 treatment. The contents of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber in alfalfa leaves and stems in the P2 treatment were lower than other treatments at each cut under N1 and N2 treatments. The plant height, stem diameter, growth rate, hay yield and crude protein of alfalfa in the N1 treatment were higher than the N2 treatment under P0, P2 and P3 treatments. Under the same phosphorus application conditions, the contents of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber in the N1 treatment were lower than the N2 treatment in leaves and stems of alfalfa. Through grey correlation analysis between growth traits index and hay yield of alfalfa it was shown that growth rate and stem diameter had major contributions to hay yield of alfalfa, but the plant height and stem∶leaf ratio had lesser contributions. Through fuzzy similarity priority ratio, the optimal fertilization mode at each cut of alfalfa among the eight treatments under drip irrigation was identified as the N1P2 treatment. Under this regime alfalfa produced a high hay yield of 25103.19 kg·ha-1, with a leaf protein content range of 23.60%-26.47% and a stem protein range of 10.57%-11.76%, together with lower acid detergent fiber contents (leaf: 13.28%-17.41%, stem: 38.63%-47.21%) and lower neutral detergent fiber contents (leaves: 18.18%-22.93%, stem: 49.53%-59.83%). Therefore, the combination of nitrogen (N) at 105 kg·ha-1 and phosphorus (P2O5) at 100 kg·ha-1 were optimal for high hay yield and improved nutritional quality of alfalfa under drip irrigation in the Xinjiang oasis area.

Key words: alfalfa, nitrogen and phosphorus interaction, drip irrigation, hay yield, nutritional quality