垄沟集雨种植对土壤水热效应及紫花苜蓿产量的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2018787

草业学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (11): 60-74.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2018787

垄沟集雨种植对土壤水热效应及紫花苜蓿产量的影响

周旭姣¹, 王琦^2,*, 张登奎², 尹鑫卫^3,4, 李晓玲¹, 刘青林⁵, 贾生海¹

1.甘肃农业大学水利水电工程学院,甘肃兰州 730070;
2.甘肃农业大学草业学院,甘肃兰州 730070;
3.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,阜康荒漠生态国家野外科学观测研究站,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011;
4.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
5.甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州 730070

收稿日期:2018-12-11 出版日期:2019-11-20 发布日期:2019-11-20
通讯作者: *. E-mail: wangqigsau@gmail.com
作者简介:周旭姣(1995-), 女, 甘肃通渭人, 在读硕士。E-mail: 1208658417@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41461062,41661059)资助

Effects of ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting on soil moisture, temperature, and alfalfa fodder yield in a semi-arid region of China

ZHOU Xu-jiao¹, WANG Qi^2,*, ZHANG Deng-kui², YIN Xin-wei^3,4, LI Xiao-ling¹, LIU Qing-lin⁵, JIA Sheng-hai¹

1.College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
2.College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
3.Fukang Station for Desert Ecosystem Observation and Experiment, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;
4.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
5.Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2018-12-11 Online:2019-11-20 Published:2019-11-20
Contact: *. E-mail: wangqigsau@gmail.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探索和解决半干旱黄土高原区垄沟集雨种植紫花苜蓿的可持续性,采用完全随机设计布置大田试验,以传统平作为对照,研究不同垄覆盖材料(土壤结皮、生物可降解地膜和塑料地膜)和不同沟垄比[沟宽(cm)∶垄宽(cm)分别为60∶30、60∶45和60∶60]对垄沟集雨种植土壤水热效应、紫花苜蓿产量和水分利用效率(WUE)的影响。结果表明,紫花苜蓿连续种植第4和5年,深度0~3.0 m土壤含水量随紫花苜蓿生育期和生育年限增加而降低,排列次序为塑料膜垄>生物可降膜垄>土垄>传统平作,土壤含水量随集雨垄宽度的增加而增加。垄沟集雨连续种植第4和5年紫花苜蓿全生育期各处理表层(0~1.2 m)土壤处于干旱胁迫状态,随生育期和生育年限延伸,干旱胁迫程度加剧,尤其传统平作。不同处理之间沟中土壤温度差异不明显,垄上土壤温度差异明显,随集雨垄宽度增加而增加。与传统平作相比,MCS₃₀、MCS₄₅、MCS₆₀、BF₃₀、BF₄₅、BF₆₀、PF₃₀、PF₄₅和PF₆₀(MCS、BF和PF分别代表土垄、生物可降解膜垄和塑料膜垄,下标分别表示垄宽为30、45和60 cm)的2年垄上平均土壤温度分别增加0.68、0.99、1.49、2.49、3.05、3.44、3.44、4.03和4.29 ℃。垄沟集雨种植具有调温保墒的作用,促进紫花苜蓿生长发育和产量形成,与传统平作相比,MCS₃₀、MCS₄₅、MCS₆₀、BF₃₀、BF₄₅、BF₆₀、PF₃₀、PF₄₅和PF₆₀的2年紫花苜蓿全生育期平均实际干草产量分别增加7.77%、7.30%、2.11%、32.23%、29.95%、22.47%、40.88%、38.44%和28.37%,WUE分别增加17.94、26.16、29.57、17.35、19.47、17.85、20.99、22.66和20.63 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1。多年生深根性豆科牧草紫花苜蓿的根系层土壤干燥化机理需要做进一步研究。

关键词: 紫花苜蓿, 垄沟集雨, 土壤水分, 土壤温度, 产量, 水分利用效率

Abstract: The aim of this study was to explore the suitability of the ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting system for the sustainable production of a perennial legume (alfalfa) in a semi-arid region of China. A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different ridge mulching materials (manually compacted soil, MCS; biodegradable film, BF; and plastic film, PF) and different furrow-to-ridge ratios (60∶30, 60∶45, and 60∶60) on soil moisture, temperature, alfalfa forage yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) in a completely randomized arrangement. Traditional flat planting (TFP) served as the control. Soil water storage at 0-3.0 m depth decreased as the alfalfa growth period progressed and the stand age increased over the consecutive alfalfa cultivation for 4-5 years. The treatments were ranked, from the highest soil water storage to the lowest soil water storage, as follows: PF>BF>MCS>TFP. The soil water storage increased with ridge width increasing. Soil desiccation in the surface layer (0-1.2 m) occurred in all treatments and aggravated as the alfalfa growth period progressed and the stand age increased, especially in TFP. The soil temperature on ridge tops differed significantly among treatments, but that at furrow bottoms did not. The soil temperature at ridge tops increased with ridge width increasing. Over the 2-year period, the average topsoil temperature on ridge tops increased by 0.68, 0.99, 1.49, 2.49, 3.05, 3.44, 3.44, 4.03 and 4.29 ℃ for MCS₃₀, MCS₄₅, MCS₆₀, BF₃₀, BF₄₅, BF₆₀, PF₃₀, PF₄₅, and PF₆₀ (where subscripts 30, 45, and 60 refer to ridge widths in cm), respectively, compared with that for TFP. Ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting increased soil moisture and temperature, which promoted alfalfa growth, development, and yield. Over the 2-year period, in MCS₃₀, MCS₄₅, MCS₆₀, BF₃₀, BF₄₅, BF₆₀, PF₃₀, PF₄₅, and PF₆₀, the average annual forage yield increased by 7.77%, 7.30%, 2.11%, 32.23%, 29.95%, 22.47%, 40.88%, 38.44%, and 28.37%, respectively, and the average WUE increased by 17.94, 26.16, 29.57, 17.35, 19.47, 17.85, 20.99, 22.66, and 20.63 kg·ha^-1·mm^-1, respectively, compared with those in TFP. Further research is needed to investigate the soil desiccation mechanism in the alfalfa root zone in ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting system.

Key words: alfalfa, ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting, soil moisture, soil temperature, fodder yield, water use efficiency

周旭姣, 王琦, 张登奎, 尹鑫卫, 李晓玲, 刘青林, 贾生海. 垄沟集雨种植对土壤水热效应及紫花苜蓿产量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(11): 60-74.

ZHOU Xu-jiao, WANG Qi, ZHANG Deng-kui, YIN Xin-wei, LI Xiao-ling, LIU Qing-lin, JIA Sheng-hai. Effects of ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting on soil moisture, temperature, and alfalfa fodder yield in a semi-arid region of China[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(11): 60-74.

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垄沟集雨种植对土壤水热效应及紫花苜蓿产量的影响

Effects of ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting on soil moisture, temperature, and alfalfa fodder yield in a semi-arid region of China

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