喀斯特区3种草篱根-土复合体抗剪性能及其影响因素

doi:10.11686/cyxb2020034

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探索喀斯特区地埂草篱根-土复合体抗剪性能的差异、变化规律及影响因素，在重庆酉阳喀斯特顺层坡分上、中、下坡位分别布设二月兰、光叶苕子和沿阶草3种草篱，测定复合体抗剪强度、根区土壤基本理化性质和复合体内根系的形态指标和化学成分指标，计算复合体黏聚力和内摩擦角。结果表明：1）在抗剪强度方面，上/中坡复合体抗剪强度表现为沿阶草显著大于二月兰、光叶苕子（P<0.05），下坡三者之间则无显著差异；在不同坡位之间，仅沿阶草复合体抗剪强度存在显著差异，表现为中坡>上坡>下坡（P<0.05）；2）各坡位复合体黏聚力和中坡内摩擦角均为沿阶草、光叶苕子显著大于二月兰（P<0.05）；沿阶草复合体黏聚力、内摩擦角和光叶苕子复合体黏聚力均表现为中坡显著大于上、下坡（P<0.05），二月兰则各坡位间无显著差异；3）相关性分析表明，光叶苕子和沿阶草复合体黏聚力与其根区土壤有机质均呈极显著正相关，相关系数分别为0.91、0.83，二月兰则无显著相关关系；这3种草篱复合体黏聚力与根系形态指标呈显著或极显著正相关，相关系数最高达0.99。综上所述，沿阶草抗剪性能最好，最优坡位为中坡。二月兰、光叶苕子和沿阶草草篱主要通过影响复合体黏聚力来影响其抗剪性能。

关键词: 沿阶草, 根系, 黏聚力, 根表面积, 有机质

Abstract:

This research explored the differences in the shear strength of grass hedgerow root-soil complexes from a karst area， and the factors affecting this parameter. Three grass hedgerows， i.e.， Orychophragmus violaceus， Viciavillosa rothvar， and Ophiopogon bodinieri， were established on the upper， middle， and lower slopes of a karst bedding slope in Youyang， Chongqing. The shear strength of the complexes， the basic physical and chemical properties of the soil in the root zone， and the morphological and chemical indexes of the root system in the complexes were measured， and the cohesion and internal friction angle of the complexes were calculated. The main results were as follows： 1） Among the upper/middle slope composites， the O. bodinieri complex showed significantly higher shear strength than the O. violaceus and V. rothvar complexes （P<0.05）， but shear strength did not differ significantly among the three hedgerow complexes from the lower slope. Only the shear strength of the O. bodinieri complex differed significantly among different slope positions （middle slope>upper slope>lower slope）（P<0.05）； 2） The shear strength index was significantly higher for the O. bodinieri and V. rothvar complexes than for the O. violaceus complex. There were differences in the internal friction angle among complexes from the middle slope and in the cohesion of complexes at each position on the slope （P<0.05）. The cohesion and internal friction angle of the O. bodinieri complex and the cohesion of the V. rothvar complex were significantly higher at the middle slope than at the upper and lower slopes （P<0.05）. These parameters of O. violaceus complexes did not differ significantly among the three slopes； 3） Soil organic matter content was positively correlated with the cohesion of V. rothvar and O. bodinieri complexes （correlation coefficients of 0.91 and 0.83， respectively）， but not with the cohesion of O. violaceus complexes. There were significant or extremely significant positive correlations between the cohesion of the three hedgerow complexes and the root morphology index， and the highest correlation coefficient was 0.99. In conclusion， O. bodinieri complexes had the highest shear strength， and the optimal slope location was the middle slope. The shear strength of O. violaceus， V. rothvar， and O. bodinieri hedgerow complexes was mainly affected by cohesion.

Key words: Ophiopogon bodinieri, root system, cohesive force, root surface area, organic matter

强娇娇, 颜哲豪, 谌芸, 何丙辉, 唐菡, 刘枭宏. 喀斯特区3种草篱根-土复合体抗剪性能及其影响因素[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(12): 27-37.

Jiao-jiao QIANG, Zhe-hao YAN, Yun CHEN, Bing-hui HE, Han TANG, Xiao-hong LIU. Factors affecting the shear strength of root-soil complexes from three types of grass hedgerows in a karst area[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(12): 27-37.

图/表 6

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草类 Types of grass	种植方式 Method of placement	篱带规格 Hedgerow specification		播种（移栽）密度 Seeding (transplanting) density	移栽时情况 Status of transplanting	出苗/成活率 Emergence (survival) rate (%)	播种（移栽）时间Seeding (transplanting) time	采样时间Sampling time
草类 Types of grass	种植方式 Method of placement	长Length (m)	宽Width (cm)	播种（移栽）密度 Seeding (transplanting) density	移栽时情况 Status of transplanting	出苗/成活率 Emergence (survival) rate (%)	播种（移栽）时间Seeding (transplanting) time	采样时间Sampling time
二月兰 O. violaceus	撒播Broadcast sowing	200	20	0.003 kg·m^-2	-	≈66	2018-10	2019-01
光叶苕子 V. rothvar	撒播Broadcast sowing	200	20	0.004 kg·m^-2	-	≈75	2018-10	2019-01
沿阶草 O. bodinieri	移栽Transplant	200	30	4行，每株间距约10 cm。 Four rows, about 10 cm each.	株高约为5 cm，地径约0.8 cm，冠幅约为7 cm。 The plant height is about 5 cm, the ground diameter is about 0.8 cm, the crown width about 7 cm.	≈90	2018-07	2019-01

草类 Types of grass	种植方式 Method of placement	篱带规格 Hedgerow specification		播种（移栽）密度 Seeding (transplanting) density	移栽时情况 Status of transplanting	出苗/成活率 Emergence (survival) rate (%)	播种（移栽）时间Seeding (transplanting) time	采样时间Sampling time
草类 Types of grass	种植方式 Method of placement	长Length (m)	宽Width (cm)	播种（移栽）密度 Seeding (transplanting) density	移栽时情况 Status of transplanting	出苗/成活率 Emergence (survival) rate (%)	播种（移栽）时间Seeding (transplanting) time	采样时间Sampling time
二月兰 O. violaceus	撒播Broadcast sowing	200	20	0.003 kg·m^-2	-	≈66	2018-10	2019-01
光叶苕子 V. rothvar	撒播Broadcast sowing	200	20	0.004 kg·m^-2	-	≈75	2018-10	2019-01
沿阶草 O. bodinieri	移栽Transplant	200	30	4行，每株间距约10 cm。 Four rows, about 10 cm each.	株高约为5 cm，地径约0.8 cm，冠幅约为7 cm。 The plant height is about 5 cm, the ground diameter is about 0.8 cm, the crown width about 7 cm.	≈90	2018-07	2019-01

草类 Types of grass	坡位 Slope position	根长 Root length （cm）	根表面积 Root surface area（cm²）	根体积 Root volume（cm³）	纤维素 Cellulose (%)	半纤维素 Hemicellulose （%）	木质素 Lignin (%)	木纤比 Wood fiber ratio
二月兰 O.violaceus	上坡Up	208.59±83.62Aa	28.67±4.98Ab	0.46±0.10Ab	0.27±0.03Bc	0.55±0.07Aa	0.17±0.01Aa	0.65±0.07Aa
	中坡Mid	304.95±81.32Ab	40.84±12.09Ab	0.49±0.44Ab	0.37±0.02Aa	0.34±0.06Ba	0.15±0.01Ab	0.40±0.02Ba
	下坡Down	297.86±82.54Aa	42.05±12.73Ab	0.32±0.04Ab	0.37±0.04Aab	0.28±0.01Ba	0.16±0.01Aa	0.39±0.09Ba
光叶苕子 V. rothvar	上坡Up	274.84±87.67Ba	38.76±14.43Ab	0.32±0.05Bb	0.34±0.04Ab	0.45±0.03Ab	0.16±0.01Ba	0.47±0.04Ab
	中坡Mid	680.99±79.51Aa	55.91±15.61Ab	0.46±0.03Ab	0.44±0.06Aa	0.38±0.04Ba	0.21±0.01Aa	0.48±0.08Aa
	下坡Down	369.79±63.91Ba	42.06±6.00Ab	0.40±0.04Ab	0.42±0.05Aa	0.42±0.03ABa	0.18±0.01Ba	0.42±0.03Aa
沿阶草 O.bodinieri	上坡Up	276.47±75.01Aa	65.95±3.36Ba	1.25±0.67Ba	0.43±0.02Aa	0.41±0.03Ab	0.18±0.03Aa	0.41±0.08Ab
	中坡Mid	439.23±120.49Ab	94.97±5.69Aa	2.33±0.40Aa	0.44±0.21Aa	0.36±0.13Aa	0.18±0.04Aab	0.46±0.18Aa
	下坡Down	261.22±114.52Aa	74.19±9.15Ba	1.49±0.21ABa	0.23±0.11Ab	0.28±0.18Aa	0.18±0.04Aa	0.93±0.51Aa

草类 Types of grass	坡位 Slope position	根长 Root length （cm）	根表面积 Root surface area（cm²）	根体积 Root volume（cm³）	纤维素 Cellulose (%)	半纤维素 Hemicellulose （%）	木质素 Lignin (%)	木纤比 Wood fiber ratio
二月兰 O.violaceus	上坡Up	208.59±83.62Aa	28.67±4.98Ab	0.46±0.10Ab	0.27±0.03Bc	0.55±0.07Aa	0.17±0.01Aa	0.65±0.07Aa
	中坡Mid	304.95±81.32Ab	40.84±12.09Ab	0.49±0.44Ab	0.37±0.02Aa	0.34±0.06Ba	0.15±0.01Ab	0.40±0.02Ba
	下坡Down	297.86±82.54Aa	42.05±12.73Ab	0.32±0.04Ab	0.37±0.04Aab	0.28±0.01Ba	0.16±0.01Aa	0.39±0.09Ba
光叶苕子 V. rothvar	上坡Up	274.84±87.67Ba	38.76±14.43Ab	0.32±0.05Bb	0.34±0.04Ab	0.45±0.03Ab	0.16±0.01Ba	0.47±0.04Ab
	中坡Mid	680.99±79.51Aa	55.91±15.61Ab	0.46±0.03Ab	0.44±0.06Aa	0.38±0.04Ba	0.21±0.01Aa	0.48±0.08Aa
	下坡Down	369.79±63.91Ba	42.06±6.00Ab	0.40±0.04Ab	0.42±0.05Aa	0.42±0.03ABa	0.18±0.01Ba	0.42±0.03Aa
沿阶草 O.bodinieri	上坡Up	276.47±75.01Aa	65.95±3.36Ba	1.25±0.67Ba	0.43±0.02Aa	0.41±0.03Ab	0.18±0.03Aa	0.41±0.08Ab
	中坡Mid	439.23±120.49Ab	94.97±5.69Aa	2.33±0.40Aa	0.44±0.21Aa	0.36±0.13Aa	0.18±0.04Aab	0.46±0.18Aa
	下坡Down	261.22±114.52Aa	74.19±9.15Ba	1.49±0.21ABa	0.23±0.11Ab	0.28±0.18Aa	0.18±0.04Aa	0.93±0.51Aa

抗剪指标 Shear index	草类 Types of grass	自然含水率 Natural moisture content	土壤容重 Soil bulk density	毛管孔隙度 Capillary porosity	有机质 Organic matter	根长 Root length	根表面积 Root surface area	根体积 Root volume	纤维素 Cellulose	半纤维素 Hemicellulose	木质素 Lignin
黏聚力 Cohesive strength	二月兰O.violaceus	0.07	-0.52	-0.31	0.32	0.92^**	0.82^**	0.18	0.47	-0.52	-0.36
	光叶苕子V. rothvar	-0.19	0.09	-0.54	0.91^**	0.99^**	0.80^*	0.66	0.72^*	-0.56	0.86^**
	沿阶草O.bodinieri	-0.05	-0.07	0.02	0.83^**	0.85^**	0.94^**	0.85^**	0.11	-0.24	0.11
内摩擦角 Internal friction angle	二月兰O.violaceus	-0.18	0.20	-0.22	0.46	0.39	0.16	0.30	0.13	-0.46	-0.44
	光叶苕子V. rothvar	0.48	-0.23	0.57	-0.34	-0.57	-0.79^*	-0.05	-0.44	0.20	-0.25
	沿阶草O.bodinieri	-0.60	-0.03	-0.56	0.56	0.52	0.31	0.38	0.77^*	0.36	0.04
平均抗剪强度 Average shear strength	二月兰O.violaceus	-0.23	0.48	-0.08	0.52	0.06	-0.07	0.38	0.04	-0.23	-0.33
	光叶苕子V. rothvar	0.46	-0.20	0.31	0.28	0.06	-0.40	0.45	-0.02	-0.22	0.36
	沿阶草O.bodinieri	-0.63	0.09	-0.57	0.64	0.56	0.47	0.61	0.69^*	0.27	0.13