草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 192-206.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020601
• 综合评述 • 上一篇
李春杰1,2(), 郎鸣晓1, 陈振江1, 陈泰祥1, 刘静1, 金媛媛1, 魏学凯1
收稿日期:
2020-12-30
修回日期:
2021-05-17
出版日期:
2022-03-20
发布日期:
2022-01-15
通讯作者:
李春杰
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: chunjie@lzu.edu.cn基金资助:
Chun-jie LI1,2(), Ming-xiao LANG1, Zhen-jiang CHEN1, Tai-xiang CHEN1, Jing LIU1, Yuan-yuan JIN1, Xue-kai WEI1
Received:
2020-12-30
Revised:
2021-05-17
Online:
2022-03-20
Published:
2022-01-15
Contact:
Chun-jie LI
摘要:
种子是农业生产实践中最基本的生产资料,其萌发对植物物种的生存和繁衍起着决定性作用,但此过程易受到环境因素的影响,提高种子在胁迫环境下的萌发质量对禾草建植具有重要意义。Epichlo?内生真菌与禾草形成互惠共生关系,可促进共生体种子萌发并提高对环境胁迫抗性,使其在植物群落中占据优势生态位,因此对动植物及微生物生态系统产生广泛影响。将国内外关于Epichlo?属内生真菌在不同生境及处理下对宿主禾草种子萌发的影响进行综述,重点探讨Epichlo?属内生真菌对宿主禾草种子在正常生长条件和胁迫环境下的萌发及化感效应等方面的作用,发现内生真菌在正常萌发条件和胁迫环境中均能促进种子萌发,而在化感作用下萌发响应不一致,同时,内生真菌的侵染能显著缓解贮藏时间对种子萌发的负效应。通过对前人研究的总结,建议今后应加强对Epichlo?内生真菌促进禾草种子萌发及提高抗性生理生化等方面的研究,揭示内生真菌与禾草共生对种子萌发的影响机制,从而筛选出优良内生真菌菌株,以期利用内生真菌资源为禾草种质资源的创制开辟新途径。
李春杰, 郎鸣晓, 陈振江, 陈泰祥, 刘静, 金媛媛, 魏学凯. Epichloë内生真菌对禾草种子萌发影响研究进展[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(3): 192-206.
Chun-jie LI, Ming-xiao LANG, Zhen-jiang CHEN, Tai-xiang CHEN, Jing LIU, Yuan-yuan JIN, Xue-kai WEI. Effects of Epichloë endophytic fungi on the germination of grass seeds[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(3): 192-206.
图1 国内外禾草内生真菌研究现状 (1977-2021年)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ分别表示共生体进化途径探索、对宿主抗性影响、分离鉴定及多样性研究、共生体产毒性的防控、对宿主生长影响和资源调查与群落影响。Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ and Ⅵ respectively indicate the exploration on the evolutionary pathway of symbionts, the influence on the resistance of the host, the separation and identification with the diversity, the improvement and control of toxicity, the influence on the growth of the host and the resource investigation with community influence.
Fig.1 Current research status of grass endophyte at China and abroad (1977-2021)
胁迫 Stress | 宿主 Host | 对宿主种子萌发的影响 Effect on seed germination of hosts | 参考文献 Reference | 备注 Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
渗透 Osmosis | 黑麦草L. perenne | E+相较于E-发芽率提高、发芽时间缩短。E+ has higher germination rate and shorter germination time than E-. | [ | |
鹅观草R. kamoji | E+相较于E-发芽率提高、发芽时间缩短。E+ has higher germination rate and shorter germination time than E-. | [ | ||
醉马草A. inebrians | E+发芽率和发芽指数高于E-。E+ germination rate and germination index are higher than E-. | [ | ||
高羊茅F. arundinacea | E+发芽率低于E-。E+ germination rate is lower than E-. | [ | ||
酸碱 pH | 醉马草A.inebrians | E+发芽率、发芽势高于E-。E+ germination rate and germination potential are higher than E-. | [ | |
野大麦H. brevisubulatum | E+发芽势显著高于E-。E+ germination potential is significantly higher than E-. | [ | ||
中华羊茅F.sinensis | E+发芽率、发芽势高于E-。E+ germination rate and germination potential are higher than E-. | [ | ||
黑麦草L. perenne | E+发芽率下降趋势更缓。E+ germination rate decreased more slowly. | [ | ||
盐分 Salt | 野大麦H. brevisubulatum | E+发芽率、发芽指数高于E-。E+ germination rate and germination index are higher than E-. | [ | |
德兰臭草M. transsilvanica | E+与E-之间发芽率、相对萌发率与萌发指数差异显著。There are significant differences in germination rate, relative germination rate and germination index between E+ and E-. | [ | ||
醉马草A. inebrians | E+发芽率、发芽指数高于E-。E+ germination rate and germination index are higher than E-. | [ | ||
中华羊茅F.sinensis | E+萌发力及幼苗生长高于E-。E+ germination power and seedling growth are higher than E-. | [ | ||
黑麦草L. perenne | E+萌发率、活力指数、苗长高于E-。E+ germination rate, vitality index and seedling length are higher than E-. | [ | ||
重金属 Heavy metal | 醉马草A.inebrians | E+种子对锰耐受力大于E-。E+ seeds are more resistant to Mn2+ than E-. | [ | 锰Mn |
E+萌发率、发芽指数高于E-。E+ germination rate and germination index are higher than E-. | [ | 镉Cd | ||
德兰臭草M.transsilvanica | 在高Pb浓度下,E+种子各项萌发指标高于E-。E+ germination parameters are higher than E- under high Pb concentration. | [ | 铅Pb | |
E+发芽率、发芽势、活力指数高于E-。E+ germination rate, germination potential and vitality index are higher than E-. | [ | 镉Cd | ||
披碱草E. dahuricus | E+萌发率高于E-。E+ germination rate is higher than E-. | [ | 镉Cd | |
温度 Temperature | 野大麦H.brevisubulatum | 高温(30 ℃)和低温(10 ℃)胁迫下,E+发芽率、发芽指数高于E-。E+ germination rate and germination index are higher than E- under high temperature (30 ℃) and low temperature (10 ℃) stress. | [ | |
中华羊茅F.sinensis | 5~30 ℃条件下E+发芽率、幼苗干重、胚芽生长高于E-,萌发时间小于E-。E+ germination rate, seedling dry weight, embryo growth are higher than E-, seed germination time is shorter than E- under 5-30 ℃. | [ | ||
醉马草A.inebrians | 10 ℃下E+发芽率高于E-。E+ germination rate is higher than E- under 10 ℃. | [ | ||
生物 Biology | 野大麦H.brevisubulatum | E+种子萌发指标高于E-。E+ germination parameters are higher than E-. | [ | # |
黑麦草L. perenne | E+萌发率、发芽指数高于E-。E+ germination rate and germination index are higher than E-. | [ | ## |
表1 内生真菌对宿主在不同胁迫下种子萌发影响
Table 1 Effects of grass endophyte on seed germination of hosts under different stresses
胁迫 Stress | 宿主 Host | 对宿主种子萌发的影响 Effect on seed germination of hosts | 参考文献 Reference | 备注 Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
渗透 Osmosis | 黑麦草L. perenne | E+相较于E-发芽率提高、发芽时间缩短。E+ has higher germination rate and shorter germination time than E-. | [ | |
鹅观草R. kamoji | E+相较于E-发芽率提高、发芽时间缩短。E+ has higher germination rate and shorter germination time than E-. | [ | ||
醉马草A. inebrians | E+发芽率和发芽指数高于E-。E+ germination rate and germination index are higher than E-. | [ | ||
高羊茅F. arundinacea | E+发芽率低于E-。E+ germination rate is lower than E-. | [ | ||
酸碱 pH | 醉马草A.inebrians | E+发芽率、发芽势高于E-。E+ germination rate and germination potential are higher than E-. | [ | |
野大麦H. brevisubulatum | E+发芽势显著高于E-。E+ germination potential is significantly higher than E-. | [ | ||
中华羊茅F.sinensis | E+发芽率、发芽势高于E-。E+ germination rate and germination potential are higher than E-. | [ | ||
黑麦草L. perenne | E+发芽率下降趋势更缓。E+ germination rate decreased more slowly. | [ | ||
盐分 Salt | 野大麦H. brevisubulatum | E+发芽率、发芽指数高于E-。E+ germination rate and germination index are higher than E-. | [ | |
德兰臭草M. transsilvanica | E+与E-之间发芽率、相对萌发率与萌发指数差异显著。There are significant differences in germination rate, relative germination rate and germination index between E+ and E-. | [ | ||
醉马草A. inebrians | E+发芽率、发芽指数高于E-。E+ germination rate and germination index are higher than E-. | [ | ||
中华羊茅F.sinensis | E+萌发力及幼苗生长高于E-。E+ germination power and seedling growth are higher than E-. | [ | ||
黑麦草L. perenne | E+萌发率、活力指数、苗长高于E-。E+ germination rate, vitality index and seedling length are higher than E-. | [ | ||
重金属 Heavy metal | 醉马草A.inebrians | E+种子对锰耐受力大于E-。E+ seeds are more resistant to Mn2+ than E-. | [ | 锰Mn |
E+萌发率、发芽指数高于E-。E+ germination rate and germination index are higher than E-. | [ | 镉Cd | ||
德兰臭草M.transsilvanica | 在高Pb浓度下,E+种子各项萌发指标高于E-。E+ germination parameters are higher than E- under high Pb concentration. | [ | 铅Pb | |
E+发芽率、发芽势、活力指数高于E-。E+ germination rate, germination potential and vitality index are higher than E-. | [ | 镉Cd | ||
披碱草E. dahuricus | E+萌发率高于E-。E+ germination rate is higher than E-. | [ | 镉Cd | |
温度 Temperature | 野大麦H.brevisubulatum | 高温(30 ℃)和低温(10 ℃)胁迫下,E+发芽率、发芽指数高于E-。E+ germination rate and germination index are higher than E- under high temperature (30 ℃) and low temperature (10 ℃) stress. | [ | |
中华羊茅F.sinensis | 5~30 ℃条件下E+发芽率、幼苗干重、胚芽生长高于E-,萌发时间小于E-。E+ germination rate, seedling dry weight, embryo growth are higher than E-, seed germination time is shorter than E- under 5-30 ℃. | [ | ||
醉马草A.inebrians | 10 ℃下E+发芽率高于E-。E+ germination rate is higher than E- under 10 ℃. | [ | ||
生物 Biology | 野大麦H.brevisubulatum | E+种子萌发指标高于E-。E+ germination parameters are higher than E-. | [ | # |
黑麦草L. perenne | E+萌发率、发芽指数高于E-。E+ germination rate and germination index are higher than E-. | [ | ## |
化感作用 Allelopathy | 宿主 Host | 作用作物 Acceptor | 影响 Effect | 参考文献 Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
草粉及 浸提液 Forage powder and water extract | 披碱草 E.dahuricus | 高羊茅 F. arundinacea | E+草粉对高羊茅种子发芽率、发芽速度指数的抑制作用高于E-。The inhibitory effect of E+ grass meal on germination rate and germination speed index of tall fescue seeds was higher than E-. | [ |
黑麦草 L. perenne | E+草粉对多年生黑麦草种子发芽率的抑制作用高于E-。The inhibitory effect of E+ grass meal on germination rate of perennial ryegrass is higher than E-. | |||
草地早熟禾 P. pratensis | E+草粉对草地早熟禾种子发芽率的抑制作用高于E-。The inhibitory effect of E+ grass meal on germination rate of Kentucky bluegrass seeds is higher than E-. | |||
羊草 L. chinensis | 克氏针茅 Stipa krylovii | 在低浓度下,E+绿叶和地下部分相较于E-显著促进克氏针茅的萌发,且草粉对克氏针茅种子萌发的抑制作用比浸提液处理更为显著。E+ green leaves and underground parts significantly promote germination of S. krylovii compare with E- under low concentration, and the inhibitory effect of grass powder on germination of S. krylovii seeds is more significant than extract treatment. | [ | |
醉马草 A.inebrians | 高羊茅 F. arundinacea | E+草粉相较于E-对高羊茅发芽率有促进作用。E+ grass meal promoted germination rate of tall fescue compared with E-. | [ | |
黑麦草 L. perenne | E+草粉对多年生黑麦草种子发芽率的抑制作用高于E-。The inhibitory effect of E+ grass meal on the germination rate of perennial ryegrass is higher than E-. | |||
草地早熟禾 P. pratensis | E+草粉对草地早熟禾种子发芽率、芽长的抑制作用高于E-。The inhibitory effect of E+ grass meal on the germination rate and bud length of P.pratensis seeds is higher than E-. | |||
中华羊茅 F.sinensis | 黑麦草 L. perenne | 不同地理种群E+与E-草粉对黑麦草的化感作用不同, 且不同受体植物对同一地理种群中华羊茅的表现不同。Different geographical populations of E+ and E- grass meal have different allelopathic effects on ryegrass, and different recipient plants have different performances on the same geographical population of F.sinensis. | [ | |
发酵液 Fermentation broth | 中华羊茅 F.sinensis | 中华羊茅 F. sinensis | 不同浓度的发酵液对种子萌发的各项指标起到不同程度的促进和抑制作用。Different concentrations of fermentation broth can promote and inhibit various indexes of germination to varying degrees. | [ |
挥发油 Volatile oil | 醉马草 A.inebrians | 黑麦草 L. perenne | E+挥发油对黑麦草种子萌发的抑制作用强于E-。E+ volatile oil has stronger inhibitory effect on ryegrass seed germination than E-. | [ |
伴生 Companion | 醉马草 A.inebrians | 针茅 S. capillata | E+伴生对针茅的发芽率、胚芽长的抑制作用显著大于E-。The inhibitory effect of E+ on the germination rate and embryo length of S. capillata is higher than E-. | [ |
表2 内生真菌引起的不同化感作用对禾草种子萌发的影响
Table 2 Effects of different allelopathy caused by grass endophyte on germination of grass seeds
化感作用 Allelopathy | 宿主 Host | 作用作物 Acceptor | 影响 Effect | 参考文献 Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
草粉及 浸提液 Forage powder and water extract | 披碱草 E.dahuricus | 高羊茅 F. arundinacea | E+草粉对高羊茅种子发芽率、发芽速度指数的抑制作用高于E-。The inhibitory effect of E+ grass meal on germination rate and germination speed index of tall fescue seeds was higher than E-. | [ |
黑麦草 L. perenne | E+草粉对多年生黑麦草种子发芽率的抑制作用高于E-。The inhibitory effect of E+ grass meal on germination rate of perennial ryegrass is higher than E-. | |||
草地早熟禾 P. pratensis | E+草粉对草地早熟禾种子发芽率的抑制作用高于E-。The inhibitory effect of E+ grass meal on germination rate of Kentucky bluegrass seeds is higher than E-. | |||
羊草 L. chinensis | 克氏针茅 Stipa krylovii | 在低浓度下,E+绿叶和地下部分相较于E-显著促进克氏针茅的萌发,且草粉对克氏针茅种子萌发的抑制作用比浸提液处理更为显著。E+ green leaves and underground parts significantly promote germination of S. krylovii compare with E- under low concentration, and the inhibitory effect of grass powder on germination of S. krylovii seeds is more significant than extract treatment. | [ | |
醉马草 A.inebrians | 高羊茅 F. arundinacea | E+草粉相较于E-对高羊茅发芽率有促进作用。E+ grass meal promoted germination rate of tall fescue compared with E-. | [ | |
黑麦草 L. perenne | E+草粉对多年生黑麦草种子发芽率的抑制作用高于E-。The inhibitory effect of E+ grass meal on the germination rate of perennial ryegrass is higher than E-. | |||
草地早熟禾 P. pratensis | E+草粉对草地早熟禾种子发芽率、芽长的抑制作用高于E-。The inhibitory effect of E+ grass meal on the germination rate and bud length of P.pratensis seeds is higher than E-. | |||
中华羊茅 F.sinensis | 黑麦草 L. perenne | 不同地理种群E+与E-草粉对黑麦草的化感作用不同, 且不同受体植物对同一地理种群中华羊茅的表现不同。Different geographical populations of E+ and E- grass meal have different allelopathic effects on ryegrass, and different recipient plants have different performances on the same geographical population of F.sinensis. | [ | |
发酵液 Fermentation broth | 中华羊茅 F.sinensis | 中华羊茅 F. sinensis | 不同浓度的发酵液对种子萌发的各项指标起到不同程度的促进和抑制作用。Different concentrations of fermentation broth can promote and inhibit various indexes of germination to varying degrees. | [ |
挥发油 Volatile oil | 醉马草 A.inebrians | 黑麦草 L. perenne | E+挥发油对黑麦草种子萌发的抑制作用强于E-。E+ volatile oil has stronger inhibitory effect on ryegrass seed germination than E-. | [ |
伴生 Companion | 醉马草 A.inebrians | 针茅 S. capillata | E+伴生对针茅的发芽率、胚芽长的抑制作用显著大于E-。The inhibitory effect of E+ on the germination rate and embryo length of S. capillata is higher than E-. | [ |
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