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草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 145-154.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021021

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

饲用甜高粱和全株玉米青贮对肉羊前胃微生态的影响

杨德智1, 王晨2, 侯明杰3, 王虎成2()   

  1. 1.庆阳市畜牧技术推广中心,甘肃 庆阳 745000
    2.兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃 兰州 730020
    3.甘肃民族师范学院,甘肃 合作 747000
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-20 修回日期:2021-03-22 出版日期:2022-04-20 发布日期:2022-01-25
  • 通讯作者: 王虎成
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: wanghuch@lzu.edu.cn
    杨德智(1978-),男,甘肃镇原人,硕士
    王晨(1995-),女,甘肃庆城人,在读硕士
    侯明杰(1990-),男,甘肃临夏人,助教,硕士。第一联系人:共同第一作者These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFD1100501);定西市安定区草地农业试验示范区建设项目(GCLM2017)

Effects of sweet sorghum silage and whole-plant corn silage on the forestomach microecology of mutton sheep

De-zhi YANG1, Chen WANG2, Ming-jie HOU3, Hu-cheng WANG2()   

  1. 1.Qingyang Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center,Qingyang 745000,China
    2.College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China
    3.Gansu Normal College for Nationalities (GNCN),Hezuo 747000,China
  • Received:2021-01-20 Revised:2021-03-22 Online:2022-04-20 Published:2022-01-25
  • Contact: Hu-cheng WANG

摘要:

本试验旨在探究饲用甜高粱青贮(sweet sorghum silage, SS)和全株玉米青贮(whole-plant corn silage, CS)对肉羊前胃微生态的影响。选择健康的3~4月龄杜泊母羊[(33.40±1.68) kg]14只,随机分为2组,每组7只羊,每只羊为1个重复,分别喂甜高粱青贮(SS组)和玉米青贮(CS组),单栏饲喂并自由饮水。预饲期15 d,正试期90 d,在正试期测定并计算生长性能指标,正试期结束后,每组选取4只羊进行屠宰,采集前胃(瘤胃、网胃和瓣胃)食糜和组织样品,对前胃发酵参数、微生物表达量、上皮颜色和组织结构进行观察和测定。结果表明:1)CS组肉羊的干物质采食量显著高于SS组(P<0.05)。2)甜高粱青贮和玉米青贮育肥肉羊90 d后,对前胃的pH值未产生显著影响(P>0.05);在网胃内容物中,SS组肉羊氨氮浓度显著高于CS组(P<0.05),CS组肉羊丁酸含量显著高于SS组(P<0.05);SS组肉羊瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸含量显著高于CS组(P<0.05)。3)SS组肉羊瘤胃内短普雷沃氏菌、栖普雷沃氏菌、产琥珀酸丝状杆菌和黄色瘤胃球菌的表达量显著高于CS组(P<0.05)。4)饲粮处理显著影响前胃颜色,CS组肉羊的前胃上皮颜色比SS组深(P<0.05)。5)SS组肉羊瘤胃乳头宽度显著高于CS组(P<0.05),饲喂甜高粱青贮和玉米青贮对肉羊网胃黏膜厚度、黏膜下层厚度和肌层厚度并未产生显著影响(P>0.05),CS组肉羊的瓣胃黏膜上皮厚度显著高于SS组(P<0.05)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,和饲用玉米青贮相比,饲用甜高粱青贮肉羊的采食量较低,且这两种青贮料饲喂对肉羊的微生态有影响,甜高粱青贮组肉羊的瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸含量、前胃内纤维分解菌的表达量以及瘤胃乳头宽度等指标显著高于玉米青贮组,且甜高粱青贮组肉羊的前胃上皮颜色较浅,角质化程度低,有利于肉羊的胃肠道健康。

关键词: 甜高粱青贮, 全株玉米青贮, 肉羊, 前胃, 微生态

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sweet sorghum silage and whole-plant corn silage on the forestomach microecology of mutton sheep. Healthy Dorper ewe lambs aged from 3 to 4 months (33.40±1.68 kg) were selected and randomly divided into two groups with seven sheep in each group: a sweet sorghum silage group (SS group) and a whole-plant corn silage group (CS group). Ewes were all fed in the same shed and had free access to water. The experiment included a 15-day pre-treatment adaptation period and a 90-day feeding-trial period. At the end of the trial period, 4 sheep in each group were slaughtered and samples of digesta and tissues from the forestomach (rumen, reticulum and omasum) were collected. Fermentation parameters, microbial expression, epithelial color and tissue structure were determined. It was found that: 1) The dry matter intake of the CS mutton sheep was significantly higher than that of SS group (P<0.05). 2) After feeding the SS and CS silages to the mutton sheep for 90 days, there was no significant difference in the pH value of the forestomach contents (P>0.05). In the contents of the reticulum, the NH3-N and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentrations of the SS group were significantly higher than in the CS group (P<0.05), while the butyric acid content in the CS group was significantly higher than in the SS group (P<0.05). 3) The occurrence levels of Prevotella brevisPrevotella ruminicolaFibrobacter succinogenes and Rumincoccus flavefaciens in the rumens of the SS group were significantly higher than in the CS group (P<0.05). 4) Diet treatment significantly affected the forestomach epithelial color; the epithelium of forestomach tissues was darker in the CS group than in the SS group (P<0.05). 5) The rumen papillae in the SS group were significantly wider than in the CS group (P<0.05). The thickness of the reticulum mucosa, submucosa and muscular layer of the sheep did not differ significantly (P>0.05) between the two silage types, although the thickness of the valve epithelial mucosa in the CS sheep was significantly higher than in the SS group (P<0.05). In conclusion, compared with CS group, the feed intake of SS sheep was lower. The rumen TVFA levels, the occurrence of fibrinolytic bacteria in the forestomach and the width of rumen papillae in the SS group were significantly higher than in the CS group, while the color of forestomach epithelium was lighter in SS sheep and the degree of keratinization was lower. The differences observed in SS treatment (compared with the CS group), were beneficial to the gastrointestinal health of mutton sheep.

Key words: sweet sorghum silage, whole-plant corn silage, mutton sheep, forestomach, microecology