草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 136-144.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021053
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
收稿日期:
2021-02-03
修回日期:
2021-03-10
出版日期:
2022-04-20
发布日期:
2022-01-25
通讯作者:
张桂杰
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: Guijiezhang@126.com基金资助:
Huan ZHANG(), Yi-xiao MU, Gui-jie ZHANG()
Received:
2021-02-03
Revised:
2021-03-10
Online:
2022-04-20
Published:
2022-01-25
Contact:
Gui-jie ZHANG
摘要:
本试验旨在研究宁夏地区枸杞副产物对苜蓿青贮品质及微生物多样性的影响,为提高苜蓿青贮品质和寻找优质饲料添加剂提供科学依据。紫花苜蓿分别与0(CK)、40(T1)、60(T2)、80(T3) g·kg-1枸杞副产物混合青贮,发酵60 d后测定青贮营养成分、发酵品质及微生物多样性。结果表明:枸杞副产物处理组相比对照组,显著降低了酸性洗涤纤维含量(P<0.01),显著提高了多糖含量(P<0.01);对照组pH值及氨态氮/总氮分别为4.91、8.58%,苜蓿青贮中pH、氨态氮及乙酸含量随枸杞副产物比例增加而显著降低(P<0.01),乳酸含量及乳酸乙酸比显著增加(P<0.01);此外,枸杞副产物提高了青贮有氧稳定性,其中T1及T2处理组有氧稳定性较高。苜蓿青贮优势菌属主要为乳杆菌属、魏斯氏菌属和片球菌属,枸杞副产物降低了苜蓿青贮中乳杆菌属的相对丰度,增加了魏斯氏菌属及片球菌属的相对丰度。综上所述,枸杞副产物可改善苜蓿青贮发酵品质,提高有氧稳定性,改变微生物群落结构,且枸杞副产物添加量为60 g·kg-1的处理组青贮发酵效果优于其他添加量。
张欢, 牟怡晓, 张桂杰. 添加枸杞副产物对紫花苜蓿青贮发酵品质及微生物多样性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(4): 136-144.
Huan ZHANG, Yi-xiao MU, Gui-jie ZHANG. Effects of Lycium barbarum by-products on fermentation quality and microbial diversity of alfalfa silage[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(4): 136-144.
项目Item | 紫花苜蓿 Alfalfa | 枸杞副产物 LBP |
---|---|---|
干物质Dry matter (DM, %FW) | 35.74 | 93.74 |
粗蛋白质Crude protein (CP, %DM) | 21.62 | 17.16 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %DM) | 24.86 | 15.97 |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %DM) | 40.73 | 22.05 |
可溶性碳水化合物Water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC, %DM) | 2.13 | 6.67 |
多糖Polysaccharide (%DM) | 1.30 | 1.70 |
表1 青贮原料化学成分
Table 1 Nutrient composition of fresh alfalfa and LBP
项目Item | 紫花苜蓿 Alfalfa | 枸杞副产物 LBP |
---|---|---|
干物质Dry matter (DM, %FW) | 35.74 | 93.74 |
粗蛋白质Crude protein (CP, %DM) | 21.62 | 17.16 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %DM) | 24.86 | 15.97 |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %DM) | 40.73 | 22.05 |
可溶性碳水化合物Water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC, %DM) | 2.13 | 6.67 |
多糖Polysaccharide (%DM) | 1.30 | 1.70 |
测定项目 Item | CK | T1 | T2 | T3 | SEM | P值P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
干物质 Dry matter (%FW) | 33.03a | 33.47a | 33.19a | 32.28a | 0.21 | 0.22 |
粗蛋白质 Crude protein (%DM) | 21.35a | 21.33a | 21.85a | 22.91a | 0.32 | 0.26 |
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (%DM) | 27.33b | 29.48a | 27.02b | 25.58b | 0.41 | <0.01 |
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (%DM) | 39.46a | 37.44b | 36.82b | 35.42c | 0.47 | <0.01 |
可溶性碳水化合物 Water-soluble carbohydrates (%DM) | 0.47b | 0.46b | 0.44b | 0.58a | 0.01 | <0.01 |
多糖 Polysaccharide (%DM) | 0.46b | 0.71a | 0.73a | 0.76a | 0.42 | <0.01 |
表2 枸杞副产物对紫花苜蓿青贮饲料营养成分的影响
Table 2 Effects on nutrient composition of alfalfa silage prepared with LBP
测定项目 Item | CK | T1 | T2 | T3 | SEM | P值P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
干物质 Dry matter (%FW) | 33.03a | 33.47a | 33.19a | 32.28a | 0.21 | 0.22 |
粗蛋白质 Crude protein (%DM) | 21.35a | 21.33a | 21.85a | 22.91a | 0.32 | 0.26 |
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (%DM) | 27.33b | 29.48a | 27.02b | 25.58b | 0.41 | <0.01 |
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (%DM) | 39.46a | 37.44b | 36.82b | 35.42c | 0.47 | <0.01 |
可溶性碳水化合物 Water-soluble carbohydrates (%DM) | 0.47b | 0.46b | 0.44b | 0.58a | 0.01 | <0.01 |
多糖 Polysaccharide (%DM) | 0.46b | 0.71a | 0.73a | 0.76a | 0.42 | <0.01 |
项目Item | CK | T1 | T2 | T3 | SEM | P值P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH | 4.91a | 4.45b | 4.39b | 4.31b | 0.07 | <0.01 |
氨态氮/总氮Ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen (%) | 8.58a | 7.53b | 7.24b | 5.74c | 0.32 | <0.01 |
乳酸Lactic Acid (LA, g·kg-1 FW) | 3.71d | 4.55c | 5.83b | 6.86a | 0.37 | <0.01 |
乙酸Acetic acid (AA, g·kg-1 FW) | 7.33a | 6.47a | 6.36a | 3.31b | 0.54 | <0.05 |
乳酸/乙酸LA/AA | 0.51c | 0.73bc | 0.94b | 2.07a | 0.18 | <0.01 |
表3 枸杞副产物对紫花苜蓿青贮饲料发酵品质的影响
Table 3 Effects on fermentation quality of alfalfa silage prepared with LBP
项目Item | CK | T1 | T2 | T3 | SEM | P值P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH | 4.91a | 4.45b | 4.39b | 4.31b | 0.07 | <0.01 |
氨态氮/总氮Ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen (%) | 8.58a | 7.53b | 7.24b | 5.74c | 0.32 | <0.01 |
乳酸Lactic Acid (LA, g·kg-1 FW) | 3.71d | 4.55c | 5.83b | 6.86a | 0.37 | <0.01 |
乙酸Acetic acid (AA, g·kg-1 FW) | 7.33a | 6.47a | 6.36a | 3.31b | 0.54 | <0.05 |
乳酸/乙酸LA/AA | 0.51c | 0.73bc | 0.94b | 2.07a | 0.18 | <0.01 |
项目 Item | CK | T1 | T2 | T3 | SEM | P值P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OTU | 57c | 59c | 72b | 94a | 3.30 | <0.01 |
香农指数Shannon index | 1.73 | 1.65 | 1.76 | 1.69 | 0.02 | 0.09 |
Chao指数Chao index | 97.06b | 96.67b | 109.59b | 156.98a | 6.75 | <0.01 |
Coverage指数Coverage index | 0.9994a | 0.9993ab | 0.9992b | 0.9989c | 0.00 | <0.01 |
表4 Alpha多样性指数
Table 4 Alpha diversity index
项目 Item | CK | T1 | T2 | T3 | SEM | P值P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OTU | 57c | 59c | 72b | 94a | 3.30 | <0.01 |
香农指数Shannon index | 1.73 | 1.65 | 1.76 | 1.69 | 0.02 | 0.09 |
Chao指数Chao index | 97.06b | 96.67b | 109.59b | 156.98a | 6.75 | <0.01 |
Coverage指数Coverage index | 0.9994a | 0.9993ab | 0.9992b | 0.9989c | 0.00 | <0.01 |
图4 青贮微生物相对丰度(前10个属)变化*: 0.01<P≤0.05; **: 0.001<P≤0.01; ***: P≤0.001.
Fig.4 Microbial abundance of silage based on percentages on genus level (top 10 genus)
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