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草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 169-177.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021091

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

精料补饲水平对暖季放牧牦牛瘤胃发酵和菌群结构的影响

戴东文1,2,3(), 庞凯悦1,2,3(), 王迅1,2,3, 杨英魁1,2,3, 柴沙驼1,2,3(), 王书祥1,2,3()   

  1. 1.青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海 西宁 810016
    2.青海省高原放牧家畜营养与饲料科学重点实验室,青海 西宁 810016
    3.青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海 西宁 810016
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-15 修回日期:2021-07-12 出版日期:2022-05-20 发布日期:2022-03-30
  • 通讯作者: 柴沙驼,王书祥
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: chaishatuo@163.com841271640@qq.com
    戴东文(1994-),男,江西吉安人,硕士。E-mail: 1218720529@qq.com
    庞凯悦(1997-),女,山东东营人,在读硕士。E-mail: 1547970042@qq.com第一联系人:共同第一作者These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFD0502301);青海省科技厅项目(2020-ZJ-974Q)

Effects of different concentrate supplement levels on rumen fermentation and microbial community structure of grazing yaks in the warm season

Dong-wen DAI1,2,3(), Kai-yue Pang1,2,3(), xun WANG1,2,3, Ying-kui YANG1,2,3, Sha-tuo CHAI1,2,3(), Shu-xiang WANG1,2,3()   

  1. 1.Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province,Xining 810016,China
    3.Yak Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province,Xining 810016,China
  • Received:2021-03-15 Revised:2021-07-12 Online:2022-05-20 Published:2022-03-30
  • Contact: Sha-tuo CHAI,Shu-xiang WANG

摘要:

为了研究精料补饲水平对暖季放牧牦牛瘤胃发酵和菌群结构的影响,试验选取体重相近、体况良好的公牦牛48头,随机分为4组,每组12头,以放牧为对照组,3个补饲组分别补饲0.5(Ⅰ)、1.5(Ⅱ)和2.5 kg·d-1(Ⅲ)精料。预试期10 d,正式期60 d。结果表明:1)随着精料补饲水平的提高,瘤胃液pH值,乙酸浓度和乙酸/丙酸值呈线性和二次降低(P<0.05);瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸、丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸和异戊酸浓度呈线性和二次提高(P<0.05);其中补饲Ⅱ和Ⅲ组的微生物蛋白浓度显著高于其他两组(P<0.05)。2)4组共产生3138个OTU,其中共有OTU为1337个,占总OTU数目的42.61%,对照组与补饲Ⅲ组独有OTU分别为183和106个;瘤胃液细菌的物种数、Chao1指数和香农(Shannon)指数随精料补饲的提高呈线性和二次降低(P<0.05)。3)在门水平上,瘤胃拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)相对丰度呈线性和二次提高(P<0.05);而厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度随精料补饲水平提高呈线性和二次降低(P<0.05);放线菌门(Actinobacteria)相对丰度随精料补饲水平的提高呈线性提高(P<0.05)。在属水平上,随精料补饲水平的提高,瘤胃普雷沃菌属_1(Prevotella_1)、克里斯滕森菌科_R-7(Christensenellaceae_R-7)及普雷沃氏菌科_UCG-001(Prevotellaceae_UCG-001)相对丰度呈线性和二次提高(P<0.05);而解琥珀酸菌属(Succiniclasticum)和瘤胃球菌科_UCG-005(Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005)相对丰度随着精料补饲水平的提高呈线性和二次降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,适宜提高精料补饲水平能够促进暖季放牧牦牛瘤胃发酵,提高瘤胃部分淀粉相关降解菌的丰度。

关键词: 放牧牦牛, 精料补饲水平, 瘤胃发酵, 菌群结构

Abstract:

The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of different concentrate supplement levels on rumen fermentation and the rumen microbial community structure of grazing yaks in the warm season. Forty-eight male yaks with good body condition and similar body weight were randomly assigned to four groups (n=12). Yaks in the control group were only grazed, while the three supplement groups received 0.5 (Ⅰ), 1.5 (Ⅱ), and 2.5 kg·d-1 (Ⅲ) of concentrate, respectively. There was a 10-day pre-test period and the experimental period lasted 60 days. The experiment results showed that: 1) As concentrate supplementation level increased, the concentration of ruminal fluid total volatile fatty acids, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid and isovaleric acid increased quadratically (P<0.05), while ruminal pH, concentration of acetic acid and the acetic∶propionic acid ratio decreased quadratically (P<0.05) and the concentration of microbial protein in supplement groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than those in the other two groups. 2) In total, 3138 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected, and 1337 of those OTUs (42.61% of the total OTUs) were shared by all four treatment groups. The control treatment had 183 unique OTUs, while group Ⅲ had 106 unique OTUs. The number of microbial species, Chao1 index and Shannon index decreased with increasing concentrate supplementation level (P<0.05). 3) At the phylum level, with increasing concentrate supplementation level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes increased quadratically (P<0.05), while the relative abundance of Firmicutes decreased quadratically (P<0.05) and the relative abundance of Actinobacteria increased linearly (P<0.05). At the genus level, with increased concentrate supplementation level, the relative abundances of Prevotella_1, Christensenellaceae_R-7 and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 increased quadratically (P<0.05), while relative abundance of Succiniclasticum andRuminococcaceae_UCG-005 decreased quadratically (P<0.05). In conclusion, increasing the level of concentrate supplementation promoted rumen fermentation and increased the abundance of the some starch-degrading bacteria of grazing yaks in the warm season.

Key words: grazing yaks, concentrate supplementation level, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial community structure