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草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 11-22.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021164

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

青藏高原退化草地的恢复潜势研究

王瑞泾(), 冯琦胜(), 金哲人, 刘洁, 赵玉婷, 葛静, 梁天刚   

  1. 兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州大学农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室,兰州大学草地农业教育部工程研究中心,兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃 兰州 730020
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-27 修回日期:2021-07-27 出版日期:2022-06-20 发布日期:2022-05-11
  • 通讯作者: 冯琦胜
  • 作者简介:E-mail: fengqsh@lzu.edu.cn
    王瑞泾(1997-),男,山东烟台人,在读硕士。E-mail: wangrj20@lzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2019YFC0507701);国家自然科学基金(31672484);中国工程院咨询研究项目(2021-HZ-5);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系和兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(lzujbky-2021-kb13)

A study on restoration potential of degraded grassland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Rui-jing WANG(), Qi-sheng FENG(), Zhe-ren JIN, Jie LIU, Yu-ting ZHAO, Jing GE, Tian-gang LIANG   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry,Ministry of Education,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China
  • Received:2021-04-27 Revised:2021-07-27 Online:2022-06-20 Published:2022-05-11
  • Contact: Qi-sheng FENG

摘要:

近年来青藏高原高寒草地生态系统整体上呈现改善的状态,但仍有部分草地存在不同程度的退化,对青藏高原草地现状及恢复潜势进行评估对于青藏高原退化草地恢复政策的制定具有重要意义。基于2001-2019年气象数据与MODIS遥感影像,选用CASA模型和Thornthwaite Memorial模型分别计算了青藏高原现实净初级生产力(actual net primary productivity,NPP)和潜在净初级生产力(potential net primary productivity,PNPP),并以其差值评估草地恢复潜势,主要结论如下:1)2001-2019年青藏高原NPP呈现东南部高,西北部低的分布特征;青藏高原草地持续恢复区域占40.98%,持续稳定区域占12.72%,而持续退化区域仅占3.47%,青藏高原草地整体以可持续的恢复状态为主。2)2001-2019年青藏高原潜在净初级生产力最大值(maximum potential net primary productivity,PNPPm)呈现明显东南与西南部高,北部偏低的空间分布格局。各草地类型PNPPm多在1000 g C·m-2左右。3)2001-2019年青藏高原草地恢复潜势呈现西南与东南部较高,北部偏低的分布情况。由此可见日喀则地区、阿里南部地区、阿坝藏族羌族自治州以及甘南藏族自治州等地的草地具有较高的恢复价值,在这些地区开展草地恢复的前景更好。研究结果为青藏高原退化草地恢复政策的制定提供科学与理论支撑,对指导青藏高原草地保护与生态系统恢复具有重要意义。

关键词: 青藏高原, 恢复潜势, 净初级生产力, 潜在净初级生产力, 动态变化

Abstract:

In recent years, the alpine grassland ecosystem on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has shown an overall improvement, but some areas of grassland are still degenerating to various extents. It is very important to evaluate the grassland status and restoration potential in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau to support policy-making relating to grassland restoration. Based on meteorological data and MODIS remote sensing images from 2001 to 2019, the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford-Approach (CASA) model and the Thornthwaite Memorial model were used to estimate values for the actual net primary productivity (NPP) and potential net primary productivity (PNPP) across the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The difference between them was used to evaluate the potential benefit of grassland restoration. The main conclusions were as follows: 1) The spatial distribution of NPP over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau from 2001 to 2019 was a gradient from high in the southeast to low in the northwest. On the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, 41.0% of the grassland areas were being continuously restored, 12.7% of the grassland areas were exhibiting a stable status, and only 3.5% were exhibiting ongoing degradation. Overall, the Plateau grassland is in a state of sustainable restoration. 2) Similarly, the spatial distribution pattern of maximum potential net primary productivity(PNPPm)in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 2001 to 2019 was significantly higher in the southeast and southwest, and lower in the north. The PNPPm of individual grassland types was typically about 1000 g C·m-2. 3) From 2001 to 2019, the grassland recovery potential of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was higher in the southwest and southeast, and lower in the north. It was found that most grasslands in Shigatse, southern Ali, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture and Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture regions have high restoration potential, so that the prospect of grassland restoration in these areas is better. The results of this study provide scientific and theoretical support for policy development relating to grassland restoration on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and provide important data to guide grassland protection and ecosystem restoration on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

Key words: Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, restoration potential, net primary productivity, potential net primary productivity, dynamic change