草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (8): 99-110.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021432
收稿日期:
2021-11-25
修回日期:
2022-01-28
出版日期:
2022-08-20
发布日期:
2022-07-01
通讯作者:
彭忠利
作者简介:
E-mail: leo3131@163.com基金资助:
Yin-jie YOU(), Hao-zhen ZHOU, Yao LIU, Chen-xi WANG, Zhong-li PENG()
Received:
2021-11-25
Revised:
2022-01-28
Online:
2022-08-20
Published:
2022-07-01
Contact:
Zhong-li PENG
摘要:
为比较四川牦牛常规粗饲料的营养价值,试验选用燕麦干草、青贮燕麦、天然牧草,对其进行营养成分和体外产气分析。体内消化试验于四川省红原县进行,选取9头初始体重为(150±10) kg的麦洼公牦牛,随机分为3组,每组3头牛。试验结果如下:1)天然牧草粗蛋白(crude protein, CP)含量显著高于青贮燕麦和燕麦干草(P<0.05);天然牧草的中性洗涤纤维(neutral detergent fiber, NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(acid detergent fiber, ADF)含量显著低于青贮燕麦(P<0.05);2)康奈尔净碳水化合物蛋白质动态评价体系(cornell net carbohydrate and protein system, CNCPS)中,青贮燕麦的非蛋白氮(non-protein nitrogen, PA)部分显著高于燕麦干草和天然牧草(P<0.05);天然牧草的快速降解蛋白(rapidly degraded protein, PB1)、慢速降解蛋白(slowly degraded protein, PB3)含量最高,且不可降解蛋白(undegraded protein, PC)含量最低;青贮燕麦的不可利用纤维(undegraded fiber, CC)含量显著高于天然牧草和燕麦干草(P<0.05);可利用纤维(available fiber, CB2)、非结构性碳水化合物(non-structural carbohydrates, NSC)含量显著低于天然牧草和燕麦干草(P<0.05);3)天然牧草的NDF、CP消化率均显著高于燕麦干草和青贮燕麦(P<0.05);天然牧草ADF消化率显著高于青贮燕麦(P<0.05),与燕麦干草差异不显著(P>0.05);4)天然牧草牦牛瘤胃液的NH3-N浓度显著高于青贮燕麦和燕麦干草组(P<0.05),而其微生物蛋白质(microbial crude protein, MCP)产量显著高于燕麦干草组,与青贮燕麦组差异不显著;燕麦干草总挥发性脂肪酸(total volatile fatty acid, TVFA)产量最高;5)天然牧草组的产气量显著高于青贮燕麦组(P<0.05),与燕麦干草组差异不显著(P>0.05);体外降解方面,燕麦干草的体外干物质降解率(in vitro dry matter digestibility, IVDMD)、体外中性洗涤纤维降解率(in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility, IVNDFD)、体外酸性洗涤纤维降解率(in vitro acid detergent fiber digestibility, IVADFD)最高,其中,IVDMD显著高于青贮燕麦(P<0.05),与天然牧草差异不显著(P>0.05);IVNDFD、IVADFD与其他两种饲草相比差异均不显著(P>0.05)。综上,CNCPS分析的各组分含量所反映的瘤胃发酵状况、体外产气法所测定的结果与牦牛体内消化试验测定的各养分消化率和瘤胃代谢产物结果基本吻合, 3种饲草的营养价值由高到低依次为天然牧草>燕麦干草>青贮燕麦。
游茵洁, 周浩珍, 刘垚, 王晨曦, 彭忠利. 燕麦干草、青贮燕麦与天然牧草饲喂牦牛的营养价值比较研究[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(8): 99-110.
Yin-jie YOU, Hao-zhen ZHOU, Yao LIU, Chen-xi WANG, Zhong-li PENG. Comparison of nutritional value of oat hay, oat silage and Sichuan pasture for yaks[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(8): 99-110.
项目Item | 计算公式Formulate |
---|---|
总碳水化合物Carbohydrate (CHO, %DM) | 100-CP(%DM)-EE(%DM)-Ash(%DM) |
不可利用纤维Unavailable fiber (CC, %CHO) | 100×[NDF(%DM)×0.01×ADL(%NDF)×2.4]/CHO(%DM) |
可利用纤维Available fiber (CB2, %CHO) | 100×[NDF(%DM)-NDFIP(%CP)×0.01×CP(%DM)-NDF(%DM)×0.01×ADF(%NDF)×2.4]/CHO(%DM) |
非结构性碳水化合物Non-structural carbohydrates (NSC, %CHO) | 100-CB2(%CHO)-CC(%CHO) |
淀粉和果胶Starch and pectin (CB1, %CHO) | Starch(%NSC)×[100-CB2(%CHO)-CC(%CHO)]/100 |
糖类Saccharides (CA, %CHO) | [100-Starch(%NSC)]×[100- CB2(%CHO)-CC(%CHO)]/100 |
非蛋白氮Non-protein nitrogen (PA, %CP) | PA(%SOLP)×0.01×SOLP(%CP) |
快速降解蛋白质Rapidly degraded protein (PB1, %CP) | SOLP(%CP)-PA(%CP) |
中速降解蛋白质Moderately degraded protein (PB2, %CP) | 100-PA(%CP)-PB1(%CP)-PB3(%CP)-PC(%CP) |
慢速降解蛋白质Slowly degraded protein (PB3, %CP) | NDFIP(%CP)-ADFIP(%CP) |
不可降解蛋白质Unavailable protein (PC, %CP) | ADFIP(%CP) |
表1 CNCPS组分计算公式
Table 1 CNCPS component calculation formula
项目Item | 计算公式Formulate |
---|---|
总碳水化合物Carbohydrate (CHO, %DM) | 100-CP(%DM)-EE(%DM)-Ash(%DM) |
不可利用纤维Unavailable fiber (CC, %CHO) | 100×[NDF(%DM)×0.01×ADL(%NDF)×2.4]/CHO(%DM) |
可利用纤维Available fiber (CB2, %CHO) | 100×[NDF(%DM)-NDFIP(%CP)×0.01×CP(%DM)-NDF(%DM)×0.01×ADF(%NDF)×2.4]/CHO(%DM) |
非结构性碳水化合物Non-structural carbohydrates (NSC, %CHO) | 100-CB2(%CHO)-CC(%CHO) |
淀粉和果胶Starch and pectin (CB1, %CHO) | Starch(%NSC)×[100-CB2(%CHO)-CC(%CHO)]/100 |
糖类Saccharides (CA, %CHO) | [100-Starch(%NSC)]×[100- CB2(%CHO)-CC(%CHO)]/100 |
非蛋白氮Non-protein nitrogen (PA, %CP) | PA(%SOLP)×0.01×SOLP(%CP) |
快速降解蛋白质Rapidly degraded protein (PB1, %CP) | SOLP(%CP)-PA(%CP) |
中速降解蛋白质Moderately degraded protein (PB2, %CP) | 100-PA(%CP)-PB1(%CP)-PB3(%CP)-PC(%CP) |
慢速降解蛋白质Slowly degraded protein (PB3, %CP) | NDFIP(%CP)-ADFIP(%CP) |
不可降解蛋白质Unavailable protein (PC, %CP) | ADFIP(%CP) |
项目 Item | 含量Content (%) | 标准误 SEM | P值 P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
燕麦干草Oat hay | 青贮燕麦Oat silage | 天然牧草Pasture | |||
干物质Dry matter (DM) | 97.06a | 96.15b | 95.04c | 0.06 | <0.001 |
粗灰分Crude ash (Ash) | 5.41b | 7.74a | 5.11c | 0.01 | <0.001 |
粗脂肪Ether extract (EE) | 1.33c | 2.57a | 2.08b | 0.04 | <0.001 |
粗蛋白Crude protein (CP) | 5.45c | 6.37b | 9.05a | 0.05 | <0.001 |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) | 58.49c | 70.36a | 60.87b | 0.51 | <0.001 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (ADF) | 31.17c | 39.36a | 33.57b | 0.32 | <0.001 |
钙Ca | 0.52a | 0.37b | 0.57a | 0.02 | <0.001 |
磷P | 0.13b | 0.21a | 0.08b | 0.02 | 0.009 |
表2 3种风干饲草的常规养分(干物质基础)
Table 2 Conventional nutrients of 3 kinds of forage grass (dry matter basis)
项目 Item | 含量Content (%) | 标准误 SEM | P值 P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
燕麦干草Oat hay | 青贮燕麦Oat silage | 天然牧草Pasture | |||
干物质Dry matter (DM) | 97.06a | 96.15b | 95.04c | 0.06 | <0.001 |
粗灰分Crude ash (Ash) | 5.41b | 7.74a | 5.11c | 0.01 | <0.001 |
粗脂肪Ether extract (EE) | 1.33c | 2.57a | 2.08b | 0.04 | <0.001 |
粗蛋白Crude protein (CP) | 5.45c | 6.37b | 9.05a | 0.05 | <0.001 |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) | 58.49c | 70.36a | 60.87b | 0.51 | <0.001 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (ADF) | 31.17c | 39.36a | 33.57b | 0.32 | <0.001 |
钙Ca | 0.52a | 0.37b | 0.57a | 0.02 | <0.001 |
磷P | 0.13b | 0.21a | 0.08b | 0.02 | 0.009 |
项目 Item | 燕麦干草 Oat hay | 青贮燕麦 Oat silage | 天然牧草 Pasture | 标准误 SEM | P值 P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
酸性洗涤木质素Acid detergent lignin (ADL, %NDF) | 6.22a | 7.27a | 6.95a | 0.32 | 0.206 |
非蛋白氮None-protein nitrogen (PA, %SP) | 40.46a | 82.34a | 39.68a | 16.55 | 0.261 |
可溶性蛋白Soluble protein (SP, %CP) | 6.95b | 36.17a | 10.71b | 3.24 | 0.014 |
中性洗涤不溶蛋白Neutral detergent fiber insoluble protein (NDFIP, %CP) | 51.70a | 32.76c | 43.27b | 1.32 | 0.005 |
酸性洗涤不溶蛋白Acid detergent fiber insoluble protein (ADFIP, %CP) | 34.40a | 24.76b | 20.37c | 0.55 | 0.001 |
淀粉Starch (%NSC) | 56.42b | 76.30a | 76.51a | 3.86 | 0.054 |
表3 3种粗饲料的CNCPS组分
Table 3 CNCPS components of the 3 kinds of roughage for yak
项目 Item | 燕麦干草 Oat hay | 青贮燕麦 Oat silage | 天然牧草 Pasture | 标准误 SEM | P值 P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
酸性洗涤木质素Acid detergent lignin (ADL, %NDF) | 6.22a | 7.27a | 6.95a | 0.32 | 0.206 |
非蛋白氮None-protein nitrogen (PA, %SP) | 40.46a | 82.34a | 39.68a | 16.55 | 0.261 |
可溶性蛋白Soluble protein (SP, %CP) | 6.95b | 36.17a | 10.71b | 3.24 | 0.014 |
中性洗涤不溶蛋白Neutral detergent fiber insoluble protein (NDFIP, %CP) | 51.70a | 32.76c | 43.27b | 1.32 | 0.005 |
酸性洗涤不溶蛋白Acid detergent fiber insoluble protein (ADFIP, %CP) | 34.40a | 24.76b | 20.37c | 0.55 | 0.001 |
淀粉Starch (%NSC) | 56.42b | 76.30a | 76.51a | 3.86 | 0.054 |
项目 Item | 含量Content | 标准误 SEM | P值 P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
燕麦干草Oat hay | 青贮燕麦Oat silage | 天然牧草Pasture | |||
总碳水化合物Carbohydrates (CHO, %DM) | 87.78a | 83.34b | 83.81b | 0.12 | <0.001 |
糖类Saccharides (CA, %CHO) | 15.97a | 4.44b | 7.61b | 1.11 | 0.011 |
淀粉和果胶Starch and pectin (CB1, %CHO) | 20.84b | 14.24b | 24.71a | 1.62 | 0.044 |
可利用纤维Available fiber (CB2, %CHO) | 53.29a | 15.24b | 55.63a | 1.22 | 0.008 |
不可利用纤维Unavailable fiber (CC, %CHO) | 9.91b | 16.24a | 12.06b | 0.52 | 0.017 |
非结构性碳水化合物Non-structural carbohydrates (NSC, %CHO) | 36.81a | 17.24c | 32.32b | 0.85 | 0.001 |
表4 根据CNCPS组分计算的碳水化合物组分含量
Table 4 Carbohydrate content calculated based on CNCPS components
项目 Item | 含量Content | 标准误 SEM | P值 P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
燕麦干草Oat hay | 青贮燕麦Oat silage | 天然牧草Pasture | |||
总碳水化合物Carbohydrates (CHO, %DM) | 87.78a | 83.34b | 83.81b | 0.12 | <0.001 |
糖类Saccharides (CA, %CHO) | 15.97a | 4.44b | 7.61b | 1.11 | 0.011 |
淀粉和果胶Starch and pectin (CB1, %CHO) | 20.84b | 14.24b | 24.71a | 1.62 | 0.044 |
可利用纤维Available fiber (CB2, %CHO) | 53.29a | 15.24b | 55.63a | 1.22 | 0.008 |
不可利用纤维Unavailable fiber (CC, %CHO) | 9.91b | 16.24a | 12.06b | 0.52 | 0.017 |
非结构性碳水化合物Non-structural carbohydrates (NSC, %CHO) | 36.81a | 17.24c | 32.32b | 0.85 | 0.001 |
项目 Item | 含量Content (%CP) | 标准误 SEM | P值 P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
燕麦干草Oat hay | 青贮燕麦Oat silage | 天然牧草Pasture | |||
非蛋白氮Non-protein nitrogen (PA) | 6.95b | 36.17a | 10.71b | 3.24 | 0.014 |
快速降解蛋白质Rapidly degraded protein (PB1) | 10.63a | 7.70a | 16.23a | 3.23 | 0.307 |
中速降解蛋白质Moderately degraded protein (PB2) | 30.73a | 23.39b | 29.80ab | 1.45 | 0.067 |
慢速降解蛋白质Slowly degraded protein (PB3) | 17.31a | 7.80b | 22.91a | 1.71 | 0.019 |
不可降解蛋白质Unavailable protein (PC) | 34.40a | 24.76b | 20.37c | 0.55 | 0.001 |
表5 根据CNCPS组分计算的蛋白质组分含量
Table 5 Protein content calculated based on CNCPS components
项目 Item | 含量Content (%CP) | 标准误 SEM | P值 P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
燕麦干草Oat hay | 青贮燕麦Oat silage | 天然牧草Pasture | |||
非蛋白氮Non-protein nitrogen (PA) | 6.95b | 36.17a | 10.71b | 3.24 | 0.014 |
快速降解蛋白质Rapidly degraded protein (PB1) | 10.63a | 7.70a | 16.23a | 3.23 | 0.307 |
中速降解蛋白质Moderately degraded protein (PB2) | 30.73a | 23.39b | 29.80ab | 1.45 | 0.067 |
慢速降解蛋白质Slowly degraded protein (PB3) | 17.31a | 7.80b | 22.91a | 1.71 | 0.019 |
不可降解蛋白质Unavailable protein (PC) | 34.40a | 24.76b | 20.37c | 0.55 | 0.001 |
项目 Item | 养分表观消化率Apparent nutrient digestibility (%) | 标准误 SEM | P值 P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
燕麦干草Oat hay | 青贮燕麦Oat silage | 天然牧草Pasture | |||
干物质Dry matter | 77.54a | 58.05c | 76.14b | 0.03 | <0.01 |
有机物Organic matter | 78.34a | 58.32c | 76.85b | 0.12 | <0.01 |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber | 76.46b | 66.67c | 79.34a | 0.39 | <0.01 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber | 73.73a | 61.66b | 76.11a | 0.72 | <0.01 |
粗蛋白Crude protein | 56.39b | 39.29c | 68.92a | 1.30 | 0.001 |
表6 3种饲草的养分表观消化率
Table 6 Apparent nutrient digestibility of 3 kinds of forage
项目 Item | 养分表观消化率Apparent nutrient digestibility (%) | 标准误 SEM | P值 P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
燕麦干草Oat hay | 青贮燕麦Oat silage | 天然牧草Pasture | |||
干物质Dry matter | 77.54a | 58.05c | 76.14b | 0.03 | <0.01 |
有机物Organic matter | 78.34a | 58.32c | 76.85b | 0.12 | <0.01 |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber | 76.46b | 66.67c | 79.34a | 0.39 | <0.01 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber | 73.73a | 61.66b | 76.11a | 0.72 | <0.01 |
粗蛋白Crude protein | 56.39b | 39.29c | 68.92a | 1.30 | 0.001 |
项目 Item | 燕麦干草 Oat hay | 青贮燕麦 Oat silage | 天然牧草 Pasture | 标准误 SEM | P值 P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
总挥发性脂肪酸Total volatile fatty acids (TVFA, mmol· L-1) | 61.78a | 48.80ab | 45.24b | 4.53 | 0.090 |
乙酸Acetic acid (mmol·L-1) | 46.32a | 36.23ab | 32.55b | 3.60 | 0.081 |
丙酸Propionic acid (mmol·L-1) | 9.82a | 8.29a | 7.13a | 0.79 | 0.130 |
异丁酸Isobutyric acid (mmol·L-1) | 0.42b | 0.65ab | 0.81a | 0.10 | 0.079 |
丁酸Butyric acid (mmol·L-1) | 4.55a | 2.65c | 3.46b | 0.16 | <0.010 |
异戊酸Isovaleric acid (mmol·L-1) | 0.48b | 0.81a | 1.07a | 0.09 | 0.009 |
戊酸Valeric acid (mmol·L-1) | 0.19a | 0.17a | 0.23a | 0.02 | 0.120 |
氨态氮NH3-N (mg·dL-1) | 1.35c | 6.36b | 9.23a | 0.42 | <0.010 |
微生物蛋白Microbial crude protein (MCP, g·L-1) | 0.78b | 1.86a | 1.80a | 0.20 | 0.015 |
表7 3种饲草的瘤胃降解参数
Table 7 Rumen degradation parameters of the 3 kinds of forages
项目 Item | 燕麦干草 Oat hay | 青贮燕麦 Oat silage | 天然牧草 Pasture | 标准误 SEM | P值 P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
总挥发性脂肪酸Total volatile fatty acids (TVFA, mmol· L-1) | 61.78a | 48.80ab | 45.24b | 4.53 | 0.090 |
乙酸Acetic acid (mmol·L-1) | 46.32a | 36.23ab | 32.55b | 3.60 | 0.081 |
丙酸Propionic acid (mmol·L-1) | 9.82a | 8.29a | 7.13a | 0.79 | 0.130 |
异丁酸Isobutyric acid (mmol·L-1) | 0.42b | 0.65ab | 0.81a | 0.10 | 0.079 |
丁酸Butyric acid (mmol·L-1) | 4.55a | 2.65c | 3.46b | 0.16 | <0.010 |
异戊酸Isovaleric acid (mmol·L-1) | 0.48b | 0.81a | 1.07a | 0.09 | 0.009 |
戊酸Valeric acid (mmol·L-1) | 0.19a | 0.17a | 0.23a | 0.02 | 0.120 |
氨态氮NH3-N (mg·dL-1) | 1.35c | 6.36b | 9.23a | 0.42 | <0.010 |
微生物蛋白Microbial crude protein (MCP, g·L-1) | 0.78b | 1.86a | 1.80a | 0.20 | 0.015 |
项目 Item | 燕麦干草 Oat hay | 青贮燕麦 Oat silage | 天然牧草 Pasture | 标准误 SEM | P值 P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
干物质降解率Dry matter digestibility (DMD, %) | 55.49a | 44.54b | 50.48a | 1.22 | 0.018 |
中性洗涤纤维降解率Neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD, %) | 47.15a | 40.21a | 43.96a | 1.94 | 0.180 |
酸性洗涤纤维降解率Acid detergent fiber digestibility (ADFD, %) | 39.48a | 31.55a | 36.01a | 2.32 | 0.182 |
pH | 6.59a | 6.46a | 6.92a | 0.21 | 0.330 |
表8 3种饲草的体外降解率和pH
Table 8 In vitro digestibility and pH of 3 kinds of forage
项目 Item | 燕麦干草 Oat hay | 青贮燕麦 Oat silage | 天然牧草 Pasture | 标准误 SEM | P值 P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
干物质降解率Dry matter digestibility (DMD, %) | 55.49a | 44.54b | 50.48a | 1.22 | 0.018 |
中性洗涤纤维降解率Neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD, %) | 47.15a | 40.21a | 43.96a | 1.94 | 0.180 |
酸性洗涤纤维降解率Acid detergent fiber digestibility (ADFD, %) | 39.48a | 31.55a | 36.01a | 2.32 | 0.182 |
pH | 6.59a | 6.46a | 6.92a | 0.21 | 0.330 |
1 | Liu Y, Xiong X L, Zhang P, et al. Analysis of grassland ecological protection system in China. Chinese Abstract of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2017, 33(2): 32. |
刘勇, 熊晓兰, 张苹, 等. 我国草原生态保护制度分析. 中国畜牧兽医文摘, 2017, 33(2): 32. | |
2 | Ma X Q, Zhao G Q, Gong J J. Effect of sowing date and nitrogen fertilizer on seed yield and its components of oats in alpine area. Pratacultural Science, 2010, 27(8): 88-92. |
马雪琴, 赵桂琴, 龚建军. 播期与氮肥对燕麦种子产量构成要素的影响. 草业科学, 2010, 27(8): 88-92. | |
3 | Lassiter C A, Huffman C F, Dexter S T, et al. Corn versus oat silages as a roughage for dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 1958, 41(9): 1282-1285. |
4 | Van Soest P J. Nutritional ecology of the ruminant. Cornell: Cornell University Press, 2019. |
5 | Han Y W. Routine general nutrient analysis program for feed. Feed Review, 2004(2): 48. |
韩友文. 饲料常规概略养分分析方案. 饲料博览, 2004(2): 48. | |
6 | Sniffen C J, O'Connor J D, Van Soest P J, et al. A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: Ⅱ. Carbohydrate and protein availability. Journal of Animal Science, 1992, 70(11): 3562-3577. |
7 | Wang L Z, Wang Z S, Xue B, et al. Comparison of rumen archaeal diversity in adult and elderly yaks (Bos grunniens) using 16s rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2017, 16(5): 1130-1137. |
8 | Menke K H, Steingass H. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Research and Development, 1988, 93(1): 217-222. |
9 | Zhang L Y. Feed analysis and quality test technology. Beijing: Beijing Agricultural University Press, 2016. |
张丽英. 饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术. 北京: 北京农业大学出版社, 2016. | |
10 | Wang H J, Zhu F H. Trichloroacetic acid method and copper sulfate method comparison of true feed protein. Feed Research, 2012(11): 69-71. |
王海静, 朱风华. 三氯乙酸法与硫酸铜法测定饲料真蛋白比较. 饲料研究, 2012(11): 69-71. | |
11 | Leng F, Sun S, Jing Y, et al. A rapid and sensitive method for determination of trace amounts of glucose by anthrone-sulfuric acid method. Bulgarian Chemical Communications, 2016, 48(1): 109-113. |
12 | Yang F. Animal nutrition. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2004. |
杨凤. 动物营养学. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2004. | |
13 | Feng Z C, Gao M. Improvement of colorimetric method for determination of ammonia nitrogen in rumen fluid. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2010, 31(6/7): 37. |
冯宗慈, 高民. 通过比色测定瘤胃液氨氮含量方法的改进. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2010, 31(6/7): 37. | |
14 | Wu Y N, Li Z Q. Analysis of forage oat at nutrient content dynamic in different growth stages. China Dairy Cattle, 2015(3): 60-63. |
吴亚楠, 李志强. 饲用燕麦不同生育期养分含量动态变化分析. 中国奶牛, 2015(3): 60-63. | |
15 | Li P X, Yang Q, Shi H M, et al. The nutritive value of oat grass using different modulation methods in Gannan pastoral area. China Cattle Science, 2016, 42(4): 41-43. |
李鹏霞, 杨勤, 石红梅, 等. 甘南州燕麦草不同调制方法营养价值分析. 中国牛业科学, 2016, 42(4): 41-43. | |
16 | Ju Z L, Zhao G Q, Chai J K, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of nutritional value and silage fermentation quality of different oat varieties in central Gansu Province. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(9): 77-86. |
琚泽亮, 赵桂琴, 柴继宽, 等. 不同燕麦品种在甘肃中部的营养价值及青贮发酵品质综合评价. 草业学报, 2019, 28(9): 77-86. | |
17 | Zhang X. Research on nutrition value assessment of various forage silage and their effects on fattening beef cattle. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2019. |
张霞. 青贮饲草营养价值评定及其育肥肉牛研究.兰州: 兰州大学, 2019. | |
18 | Xiao Y Z, Xu L J, Xin X P, et al. Nutritional value and fermentation quality of different oat varieties in the Hulunbuir area. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(12): 171-179. |
肖燕子, 徐丽君, 辛晓平, 等. 呼伦贝尔地区不同燕麦品种的营养价值及发酵品质评价研究. 草业学报, 2020, 29(12): 171-179. | |
19 | Duan M J, Gao Q Z, Wan Y F, et al. Effects of grazing on community characteristics and species diversity of Stipa purpurea alpine grassland in northern Tibet. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(14): 3892-3900. |
段敏杰, 高清竹, 万运帆, 等. 放牧对藏北紫花针茅高寒草原植物群落特征的影响. 生态学报, 2010, 30(14): 3892-3900. | |
20 | Liu F Y, Bai D P, Chen Y L. The dynamics research on sheep grazing pasture nutrition intake in North Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Acta Ecologiae Animalis Domastici, 2008, 29(5): 90-92. |
刘福元, 白丁平, 陈玉林. 新疆天山北部放牧绵羊牧草营养摄入量动态变化规律研究. 家畜生态学报, 2008, 29(5): 90-92. | |
21 | Zhang X H, Mu X Y, Dong Y Q, et al. Effect on the yield and nutrition quality of the mixed grassland with different cutting frequencies. Xinjiang Agricultural Science, 2014, 51(5): 951-956. |
张鲜花, 穆肖芸, 董乙强, 等. 刈割次数对不同混播组合草地产量及营养品质的影响. 新疆农业科学, 2014, 51(5): 951-956. | |
22 | Fan X H, Yang D Y, Hao L Z, et al. Annual analysis of nutritional quality of pasture in Haiyan County, Qinghai Province. Pratacultural Science, 2017, 34(11): 2359-2365. |
范小红, 杨得玉, 郝力壮, 等. 青海省海晏县牧场牧草营养品质全年动态. 草业科学, 2017, 34(11): 2359-2365. | |
23 | Man Q X, Wei S L, Yan J H, et al. Effects of regional and harvest periods on the nutritional value of natural pasture. China Herbivore Science, 2019, 39(4): 18-24. |
满其贤, 魏时来, 闫继弘, 等. 地域和收获期对天然牧草营养价值的影响. 中国草食动物科学, 2019, 39(4): 18-24. | |
24 | Fu Y Y, Wang D, Alateng Z L, et al. Evaluating the nutrition composition of conventional roughages in the major northwest house-fed yak raising regions of Sichuan Province using the cornell net carbohydrate protein system (CNCPS). Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2018, 50(3): 39-47. |
付洋洋, 王鼎, 阿拉腾珠拉, 等. 利用CNCPS法评价川西北舍饲牦牛养殖区常见粗饲料的营养价值. 畜牧与兽医, 2018, 50(3): 39-47. | |
25 | Zhang Y W, Cao X H, Ma C, et al. Study on the quality and carbohydrate components of oat silage under two extreme water conditions. Modern Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020(12): 5-7. |
张一为, 曹学浩, 马超, 等. 两种极值水分条件下燕麦青贮品质和碳水化合物组分的研究比较. 现代畜牧兽医, 2020(12): 5-7. | |
26 | Wu J H. The effect of application of cornell net carbohydrate and protein system (CNCPS) in dairy cattle production. Daqing: Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, 2010. |
吴健豪. CNCPS体系在奶牛生产中应用效果的研究. 大庆: 黑龙江八一农垦大学, 2010. | |
27 | Yu Z. Application of CNCPS to ration evaluation and performance prediction in dairy cattle. Harbin: Northeast Agricultural University, 2007. |
于震. CNCPS在奶牛日粮评价和生产预测上的应用. 哈尔滨: 东北农业大学, 2007. | |
28 | Liu N N, Xu Q F, Guo G, et al. Application of the cornell net carbohydrate and protein system to evaluate the quality of early and late maturing oats. Pratacultural Science, 2020, 37(10): 2049-2056. |
刘宁宁, 许庆方, 郭刚, 等. 应用CNCPS体系评价早熟、晚熟燕麦品种的品质. 草业科学, 2020, 37(10): 2049-2056. | |
29 | Rooke J A, Armstrong D G. The importance of the form of nitrogen on microbial protein synthesis in the rumen of cattle receiving grass silage and continuous intrarumen infusions of sucrose. British Journal of Nutrition, 1989, 61(1): 113-121. |
30 | Zeng Y, Peng Z L, Gao Y H, et al. Effects of gender on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, and slaughter performance of house-feeding yaks. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2019, 31(3): 1171-1178. |
曾钰, 彭忠利, 高彦华, 等. 性别对舍饲牦牛生长性能、养分表观消化率和屠宰性能的影响. 动物营养学报, 2019, 31(3): 1171-1178. | |
31 | Li F H. The effects of alpine meadow native grass and cultivated oats on digestion and metabolism of Tibetan sheep.Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2017. |
李福厚. 高寒草甸天然牧草和栽培草地燕麦对藏绵羊消化代谢的影响. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2017. | |
32 | Wen Y Y, Zhang M Q, Liu T T, et al. Associative effects between whole crop maize silage and mixed silage made from raw potato crisp processing by-product and rice straw as determined using an in vitro gas production technique. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(8): 154-163. |
温媛媛, 张美琦, 刘桃桃, 等. 体外产气法评价生薯条加工副产品-稻草混贮与全株玉米青贮组合效应的研究. 草业学报, 2021, 30(8): 154-163. | |
33 | Weng X X. The study on rumen fermentation and volatile fatty acid absorption characteristics and gene expression in dairy cows receiving different types of diets. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2013. |
翁秀秀. 饲喂不同日粮奶牛瘤胃发酵和VFA吸收特性及其相关基因表达的研究. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2013. | |
34 | Zhang Q Y, Zhou Y X, Hao L Z, et al. Evaluation of forage nutritional value in alpine meadow grassland natural pasture in different months. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(4): 1070-1079. |
张群英, 周义秀, 郝力壮, 等. 高寒草甸草地天然放牧场不同月份牧草营养价值评价. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(4): 1070-1079. | |
35 | Cardozo P W, Calsamiglia S, Ferret A, et al. Effects of natural pasture extracts on ruminal protein degradation and fermentation profiles in continuous culture1. Journal of Animal Science, 2004, 82(11): 3230-3236. |
36 | Xu Z Z. Rumen fermentation and microbial fatty acid profile influenced by sources and levels of feed protein in vitro.Beijing: China Agricultural University, 2004. |
许曾曾. 蛋白质饲料种类和添加水平对活体外瘤胃发酵和微生物氨基酸组成的影响. 北京: 中国农业大学, 2004. | |
37 | Tang S X, Jiang H L, Zhou C S, et al. Effects of different forage species on in vitro gas production characteristics. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2005, 14(3): 72-77. |
汤少勋, 姜海林, 周传社, 等. 不同牧草品种对体外发酵产气特性的影响. 草业学报, 2005, 14(3): 72-77. | |
38 | Liang J Y, Jiao T, Wu J P, et al. Degradation dynamic of forage dry matter of alpine rangeland in sheep rumen. Grassland and Turf, 2015, 35(5): 32-36. |
梁建勇, 焦婷, 吴建平, 等. 高寒牧区天然草地牧草干物质的瘤胃降解率动态变化. 草原与草坪, 2015, 35(5): 32-36. | |
39 | Wang Y P, Zhang F, Hua D K, et al. Rumen stability of rumen-protected glucose and its effects of different doses on rumen degradation characteristics of oat hay. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2020, 32(7): 3428-3438. |
王亚品, 张帆, 华登科, 等. 过瘤胃葡萄糖的瘤胃稳定性及其不同剂量对燕麦干草瘤胃降解特性的影响. 动物营养学报, 2020, 32(7): 3428-3438. | |
40 | Ga E D, Qi Z L, Zhang R H, et al. Effects of different corn treatments on pH, NH3-N and VFA concentrations in rumen of sheep. Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2002(9): 18-20. |
嘎尔迪, 齐智利, 张润厚, 等. 玉米的不同加工处理对绵羊瘤胃内pH值、NH3-N和VFA浓度的影响. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2002(9): 18-20. |
[1] | 戴东文, 庞凯悦, 王迅, 杨英魁, 柴沙驼, 王书祥. 精料补饲水平对暖季放牧牦牛瘤胃发酵和菌群结构的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(5): 169-177. |
[2] | 张丹丹, 张元庆, 程景, 靳光, 李博, 王栋才, 徐芳, 孙锐锋. 不同粗饲料组合对晋南牛瘤胃体外发酵特性的研究[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(7): 93-100. |
[3] | 李晨, Ahmad Anum Ali, 张剑搏, 梁泽毅, 丁学智, 阎萍. 冷季牦牛和黄牛采食行为、血清生化指标与瘤胃发酵参数的比较研究[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(6): 162-169. |
[4] | 纪会, 官久强, 王会, 周建旭, 阿农呷, 何宗伟, 樊珍详, 邱龙康, 曹诗晓, 安添午, 柏琴, 钟金城, 罗晓林. 亚丁牦牛和拉日马牦牛遗传多样性及遗传结构分析[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(5): 134-145. |
[5] | 潘发明, 常生华, 王国栋, 郝生燕, 刘佳, 张辉元, 徐银萍. 物候期对放牧牦牛瘤胃液、牧草中脂肪酸及乳脂中共轭亚油酸组成的影响及其相关性分析[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(3): 110-120. |
[6] | 张强, 达娃央拉, 姬秋梅, 信金伟, 张成福, 朱勇, 洛桑顿珠, 次旦央吉, 孙光明, 姜辉. 西藏查吾拉地区不同性别牦牛产肉性能和肉营养成分的比较[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(7): 193-198. |
[7] | 杨勤, 官久强, 柴志欣, 李华德, 曹诗晓, 张翔飞, 柏琴, 钟金城, 罗晓林. 低海拔舍饲对牦牛肌肉品质的影响研究[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(5): 33-42. |
[8] | 涂瑞, 苗建军, 彭忠利, 高彦华, 柏雪, 谢昕廷. 不同精粗比日粮中添加小肽对牦牛瘤胃体外发酵特性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(3): 78-88. |
[9] | 杜子银, 蔡延江, 王小丹, 张斌. 放牧牦牛行为及其对高寒草地土壤特性的影响研究进展[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(7): 186-197. |
[10] | 唐德富, 袁玖, 王彦乾, 王燕娜, 王娟丽, 刘自强, 寇伟, 崔仲勇, 张泽岩, 赵祥民, 万欣杰. 玉米芯与苜蓿、精料配比对饲粮组合效应的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(6): 137-147. |
[11] | 苗建军, 彭忠利, 高彦华, 郭春华, 王鼎, 付洋洋. 青稞替代玉米对育肥牦牛生产性能和肉品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(1): 95-107. |
[12] | 吴征敏, 王志敬, 吴浩浩, 李政, 李文威, 庄桂锋, 尹福泉, 赵志辉. 象草与皇竹草组合效应的研究[J]. 草业学报, 2018, 27(2): 135-145. |
[13] | 陈光吉, 宋善丹, 彭忠利, 王普昶, 吴佳海, 王小利, 郭春华, 王子苑, 高彦华, 李小冬, 柏雪, 付锡三. 体外产气法研究不同NFC/NDF底物条件下外源纤维素酶的适宜添加水平[J]. 草业学报, 2017, 26(7): 116-127. |
[14] | 李君风, 原现军, 董志浩, Seare Tajebe Desta, 陈雷, 白晰, 白云峰, 邵涛. 西藏地区牦牛瘤胃中兼性厌氧纤维素降解菌的分离鉴定[J]. 草业学报, 2017, 26(6): 176-184. |
[15] | 肖红, 徐长林, 张德罡, 张建文, 杨海磊, 柴锦隆, 潘涛涛, 王艳, 鱼小军. 阴山扁蓿豆光合特性对模拟牦牛、藏羊践踏和降水的短期响应[J]. 草业学报, 2017, 26(2): 43-52. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||