草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 199-209.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023180
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
高承芳(), 桑雷, 孙世坤, 陈冬金, 王锦祥, 谢喜平()
收稿日期:
2023-05-30
修回日期:
2023-07-17
出版日期:
2024-04-20
发布日期:
2024-01-15
通讯作者:
谢喜平
作者简介:
E-mail: xxp702@163.com基金资助:
Cheng-fang GAO(), Lei SANG, Shi-kun SUN, Dong-jin CHEN, Jin-xiang WANG, Xi-ping XIE()
Received:
2023-05-30
Revised:
2023-07-17
Online:
2024-04-20
Published:
2024-01-15
Contact:
Xi-ping XIE
摘要:
为探讨葛藤在肉兔饲粮中的应用效果,开展葛藤的常规营养成分分析,选取35±2 日龄体重(0.88±0.13 kg)相近的断奶伊拉兔肉兔200只,随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只,分别饲喂添加0(对照组)、15%、25%、35%葛藤的试验饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期42 d。于正试期第36天开始进行为期7 d的消化代谢试验,分析肉兔养分表观消化率,试验结束后测定分析肉兔盲肠消化酶活性及胃肠道的变化。结果显示,饲粮中添加不同量的葛藤:1)提高了各处理组肉兔对饲粮中干物质、粗蛋白、粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、酸性木质素、粗脂肪和半乳糖醛酸的表观消化率,35%葛藤组表观消化率最高,显著高于15%葛藤组与对照组(P<0.05)。2)提高了肉兔盲肠中纤维素酶、半纤维素酶与果胶酶活性,15%葛藤组酶活性最高,显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。3)对肉兔胃及小肠的相对长度无显著影响(P>0.05),但显著提高了盲肠相对长度和重量、胃相对重量与小肠相对重量,25%与35%葛藤组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。4)提高了肉兔空肠、回肠与十二指肠的绒毛长度、绒毛长度/隐窝深度比值(V/C)和黏膜层厚度,降低了隐窝深度值,35%葛藤组肉兔回肠、十二指肠的绒毛长度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),空肠、回肠的隐窝深度低于对照组,空肠、回肠的V/C显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。因此,生长肉兔饲粮中最适宜的葛藤添加量为35%。
高承芳, 桑雷, 孙世坤, 陈冬金, 王锦祥, 谢喜平. 饲粮中葛藤不同添加量对肉兔养分表观消化率、胃肠道发育及消化酶活性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(4): 199-209.
Cheng-fang GAO, Lei SANG, Shi-kun SUN, Dong-jin CHEN, Jin-xiang WANG, Xi-ping XIE. Effects of dietary supplementation with kudzu vine on apparent nutrient digestibility, intestinal development, and intestinal digestive enzyme activities in growing meat rabbits[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(4): 199-209.
原料 Ingredient (%) | 组Group | 营养水平 Nutrient level | 组Group | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | C | D | A | B | C | D | ||
玉米Corn | 29.0 | 24.0 | 14.0 | 15.0 | 干物质Dry matter (DM, %) | 88.45 | 90.74 | 91.36 | 90.54 |
米糠Rice bran | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 消化能Digestible energy (DE, MJ·kg-1) | 10.03 | 10.16 | 10.18 | 10.12 |
次粉Wheat midding | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 4.0 | 粗蛋白Crude protein (CP, %) | 14.33 | 14.33 | 14.55 | 14.23 |
豆粕Soybean meal | 11.0 | 8.0 | 4.0 | 1.0 | 粗纤维Crude fibre (CF, %) | 12.00 | 12.84 | 12.75 | 12.77 |
葛藤Kudzu vine | 0.0 | 15.0 | 25.0 | 35.0 | 粗脂肪Ether extract (EE, %) | 7.69 | 6.06 | 5.79 | 6.19 |
麦芽根Barley malt sprouts | 6.0 | 4.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %) | 29.66 | 36.17 | 34.31 | 33.30 |
米糠粕Rice bran meal | 6.0 | 9.0 | 24.0 | 25.0 | 酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %) | 22.38 | 28.43 | 26.09 | 23.21 |
统糠Unified | 22.0 | 13.0 | 4.0 | 2.0 | 酸性木质素Acidic lignin (ADL, %) | 15.41 | 8.70 | 13.80 | 12.78 |
甜菜渣Beet slag | 14.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 9.0 | 纤维素Cellulose (%) | 6.97 | 19.73 | 12.30 | 10.44 |
氯化钠NaCl | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 半纤维素Hemicellulose (%) | 7.28 | 7.74 | 8.22 | 10.09 |
CaHPO4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 果胶(半乳糖醛酸)Galacturonic acid (%) | 16.58 | 28.48 | 31.76 | 38.76 |
预混料Premix | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 非纤维性碳水化合物NFC (%) | 38.26 | 33.06 | 38.71 | 35.17 |
全部Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 可溶性纤维Digestible fiber (%) | 30.83 | 55.95 | 52.28 | 59.29 |
钙Ca (%) | 0.97 | 1.04 | 1.30 | 1.30 | |||||
总磷Total phosphorus (TP, %) | 0.59 | 0.53 | 0.83 | 0.94 | |||||
粗灰分Coarse ash (Ash, %) | 10.06 | 10.38 | 6.64 | 11.11 |
表1 饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)
Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of diets (air-dry basis)
原料 Ingredient (%) | 组Group | 营养水平 Nutrient level | 组Group | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | C | D | A | B | C | D | ||
玉米Corn | 29.0 | 24.0 | 14.0 | 15.0 | 干物质Dry matter (DM, %) | 88.45 | 90.74 | 91.36 | 90.54 |
米糠Rice bran | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 消化能Digestible energy (DE, MJ·kg-1) | 10.03 | 10.16 | 10.18 | 10.12 |
次粉Wheat midding | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 4.0 | 粗蛋白Crude protein (CP, %) | 14.33 | 14.33 | 14.55 | 14.23 |
豆粕Soybean meal | 11.0 | 8.0 | 4.0 | 1.0 | 粗纤维Crude fibre (CF, %) | 12.00 | 12.84 | 12.75 | 12.77 |
葛藤Kudzu vine | 0.0 | 15.0 | 25.0 | 35.0 | 粗脂肪Ether extract (EE, %) | 7.69 | 6.06 | 5.79 | 6.19 |
麦芽根Barley malt sprouts | 6.0 | 4.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %) | 29.66 | 36.17 | 34.31 | 33.30 |
米糠粕Rice bran meal | 6.0 | 9.0 | 24.0 | 25.0 | 酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %) | 22.38 | 28.43 | 26.09 | 23.21 |
统糠Unified | 22.0 | 13.0 | 4.0 | 2.0 | 酸性木质素Acidic lignin (ADL, %) | 15.41 | 8.70 | 13.80 | 12.78 |
甜菜渣Beet slag | 14.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 9.0 | 纤维素Cellulose (%) | 6.97 | 19.73 | 12.30 | 10.44 |
氯化钠NaCl | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 半纤维素Hemicellulose (%) | 7.28 | 7.74 | 8.22 | 10.09 |
CaHPO4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 果胶(半乳糖醛酸)Galacturonic acid (%) | 16.58 | 28.48 | 31.76 | 38.76 |
预混料Premix | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 非纤维性碳水化合物NFC (%) | 38.26 | 33.06 | 38.71 | 35.17 |
全部Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 可溶性纤维Digestible fiber (%) | 30.83 | 55.95 | 52.28 | 59.29 |
钙Ca (%) | 0.97 | 1.04 | 1.30 | 1.30 | |||||
总磷Total phosphorus (TP, %) | 0.59 | 0.53 | 0.83 | 0.94 | |||||
粗灰分Coarse ash (Ash, %) | 10.06 | 10.38 | 6.64 | 11.11 |
项目Item | A组Group A | B组Group B | C组Group C | D组Group D | P 值P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
干物质Dry matter | 81.68±1.26Cc | 82.64±2.51Cc | 85.27±1.57Bb | 87.46±0.97Aa | <0.001 |
粗蛋白Crude protein | 80.78±2.54Bb | 80.50±2.48Bb | 86.18±2.52Aa | 88.97±3.35Aa | <0.001 |
粗纤维Crude fibre | 33.45±4.13Ab | 39.58±4.74Ab | 49.13±14.33Aab | 52.29±11.73Aa | 0.049 |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber | 58.79±2.57Ab | 61.55±3.48Ab | 68.06±8.61Aab | 74.07±5.79Aa | 0.026 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber | 64.26±14.99Ab | 65.34±2.45Ab | 69.53±7.13Aab | 73.54±5.60Aa | 0.047 |
酸性木质素Acidic lignin | 36.98±6.98Bb | 30.36±7.99Bb | 66.46±11.11Aa | 74.49±6.13Aa | <0.001 |
粗脂肪Ether extract | 70.33±5.59Bb | 74.26±2.92Bb | 75.44±8.36Bb | 84.54±2.95Aa | 0.009 |
半乳糖醛酸Galacturonic acid | 94.84±5.69Bc | 95.37±4.87Bc | 97.21±6.51Ab | 98.27±4.62Aa | 0.009 |
表2 饲粮中添加不同量的葛藤对肉兔养分表观消化率的影响
Table 2 Effect of different kudzu vine proportion on nutrient apparent digestibility of rabbits (%)
项目Item | A组Group A | B组Group B | C组Group C | D组Group D | P 值P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
干物质Dry matter | 81.68±1.26Cc | 82.64±2.51Cc | 85.27±1.57Bb | 87.46±0.97Aa | <0.001 |
粗蛋白Crude protein | 80.78±2.54Bb | 80.50±2.48Bb | 86.18±2.52Aa | 88.97±3.35Aa | <0.001 |
粗纤维Crude fibre | 33.45±4.13Ab | 39.58±4.74Ab | 49.13±14.33Aab | 52.29±11.73Aa | 0.049 |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber | 58.79±2.57Ab | 61.55±3.48Ab | 68.06±8.61Aab | 74.07±5.79Aa | 0.026 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber | 64.26±14.99Ab | 65.34±2.45Ab | 69.53±7.13Aab | 73.54±5.60Aa | 0.047 |
酸性木质素Acidic lignin | 36.98±6.98Bb | 30.36±7.99Bb | 66.46±11.11Aa | 74.49±6.13Aa | <0.001 |
粗脂肪Ether extract | 70.33±5.59Bb | 74.26±2.92Bb | 75.44±8.36Bb | 84.54±2.95Aa | 0.009 |
半乳糖醛酸Galacturonic acid | 94.84±5.69Bc | 95.37±4.87Bc | 97.21±6.51Ab | 98.27±4.62Aa | 0.009 |
项目Item | A组Group A | B组Group B | C组Group C | D组Group D | P 值P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
纤维素酶Cellulase | 393.56±75.42Ab | 538.35±58.96Aa | 480.38±129.13Aab | 396.55±29.20Ab | 0.034 |
半纤维素酶Hemicellulase | 26.40±3.57Ab | 51.00±10.08Aa | 32.92±12.04Aab | 34.09±5.74Aab | 0.011 |
果胶酶Pectase | 0.61±0.05Ab | 0.77±0.11Aa | 0.67±0.13Aab | 0.68±0.15Aab | 0.023 |
表3 饲粮中添加不同量的葛藤对肉兔盲肠消化酶活性的影响
Table 3 Effect of different kudzu vine proportion on cecum digestive enzyme activities of rabbits (U·mL-1)
项目Item | A组Group A | B组Group B | C组Group C | D组Group D | P 值P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
纤维素酶Cellulase | 393.56±75.42Ab | 538.35±58.96Aa | 480.38±129.13Aab | 396.55±29.20Ab | 0.034 |
半纤维素酶Hemicellulase | 26.40±3.57Ab | 51.00±10.08Aa | 32.92±12.04Aab | 34.09±5.74Aab | 0.011 |
果胶酶Pectase | 0.61±0.05Ab | 0.77±0.11Aa | 0.67±0.13Aab | 0.68±0.15Aab | 0.023 |
项目 Item | 相对长度Relative length (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A组Group A | B组Group B | C组Group C | D组Group D | P值P value | |
胃Stomach | 0.25±0.03Aa | 0.25±0.02Aa | 0.24±0.01Aa | 0.25±0.02Aa | 0.212 |
盲肠Cecum | 1.20±0.11Ab | 1.26±0.14Ab | 1.33±0.10Aab | 1.42±0.16Aa | 0.031 |
小肠Small intestine | 8.70±1.24Aa | 8.01±0.39Aa | 7.84±0.83Aa | 7.74±0.80Aa | 0.525 |
项目 Item | 相对重量Relative weight (g·kg-1) | ||||
A组Group A | B组Group B | C组Group C | D组Group D | P值P value | |
胃Stomach | 10.92±0.88Ab | 11.12±1.28Ab | 11.88±0.99Aab | 12.73±0.64Aa | 0.015 |
盲肠Cecum | 15.94±1.86Ab | 18.80±1.95Aa | 19.00±4.12Aa | 18.33±1.91Aab | 0.046 |
小肠Small intestine | 25.22±3.57Ab | 32.39±1.21Aa | 28.77±5.15Aa | 29.08±2.41Aa | 0.024 |
表4 饲粮中添加不同量的葛藤对肉兔胃肠道相对长度与相对重量的影响
Table 4 Effect of different kudzu vine proportion on relative length and relative weight of rabbits
项目 Item | 相对长度Relative length (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A组Group A | B组Group B | C组Group C | D组Group D | P值P value | |
胃Stomach | 0.25±0.03Aa | 0.25±0.02Aa | 0.24±0.01Aa | 0.25±0.02Aa | 0.212 |
盲肠Cecum | 1.20±0.11Ab | 1.26±0.14Ab | 1.33±0.10Aab | 1.42±0.16Aa | 0.031 |
小肠Small intestine | 8.70±1.24Aa | 8.01±0.39Aa | 7.84±0.83Aa | 7.74±0.80Aa | 0.525 |
项目 Item | 相对重量Relative weight (g·kg-1) | ||||
A组Group A | B组Group B | C组Group C | D组Group D | P值P value | |
胃Stomach | 10.92±0.88Ab | 11.12±1.28Ab | 11.88±0.99Aab | 12.73±0.64Aa | 0.015 |
盲肠Cecum | 15.94±1.86Ab | 18.80±1.95Aa | 19.00±4.12Aa | 18.33±1.91Aab | 0.046 |
小肠Small intestine | 25.22±3.57Ab | 32.39±1.21Aa | 28.77±5.15Aa | 29.08±2.41Aa | 0.024 |
项目Item | 部位Organ | A组Group A | B组Group B | C组Group C | D组Group D | P 值P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
绒毛长度 Villous length (V, mm) | 空肠Jejunum | 0.57±0.21Aab | 0.56±0.05Ab | 0.73±0.12Aab | 0.74±0.15Aa | 0.033 |
回肠Ileum | 0.59±0.08Ab | 0.59±0.09Ab | 0.75±0.12Aa | 0.75±0.22Aa | 0.016 | |
十二指肠Duodenum | 0.86±0.14Ab | 1.05±0.12Aa | 0.93±0.13Aab | 0.99±0.08Aa | 0.011 | |
隐窝深度 Crypt depth (C, mm) | 空肠Jejunum | 0.14±0.03Aa | 0.11±0.03Ab | 0.10±0.02Ab | 0.12±0.01Aab | 0.018 |
回肠Ileum | 0.12±0.03Aa | 0.12±0.04Aab | 0.11±0.00Ab | 0.10±0.00Aab | 0.013 | |
十二指肠Duodenum | 0.13±0.05Aa | 0.12±0.01Aa | 0.11±0.03Aa | 0.11±0.11Aa | 0.368 | |
V/C | 空肠Jejunum | 4.30±1.61Ab | 5.49±0.92Aab | 6.47±1.24Aa | 5.89±1.37Aa | 0.048 |
回肠Ileum | 5.07±1.57Ac | 5.41±1.86Abc | 7.23±1.23Aa | 6.85±2.04Aab | 0.042 | |
十二指肠Duodenum | 6.65±2.44Ab | 8.11±2.68Aa | 8.06±1.04Aab | 9.07±2.85Aa | 0.031 | |
黏膜层厚度 Mucosal thickness (mm) | 空肠Jejunum | 0.79±0.23Aa | 0.67±0.06Aa | 0.80±0.16Aa | 0.81±0.20Aa | 0.235 |
回肠Ileum | 0.79±0.11Aab | 0.70±0.06Ab | 0.82±0.07Aa | 0.76±0.12Aab | 0.024 | |
十二指肠Duodenum | 1.00±0.12Bb | 1.24±0.11Aa | 1.13±0.10Aa | 1.12±0.08ABab | 0.005 |
表5 饲粮中添加不同量的葛藤对肉兔肠道组织形态指标的影响
Table 5 Effect of different kudzu vine proportion on enteric canal morphology indexes of rabbits
项目Item | 部位Organ | A组Group A | B组Group B | C组Group C | D组Group D | P 值P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
绒毛长度 Villous length (V, mm) | 空肠Jejunum | 0.57±0.21Aab | 0.56±0.05Ab | 0.73±0.12Aab | 0.74±0.15Aa | 0.033 |
回肠Ileum | 0.59±0.08Ab | 0.59±0.09Ab | 0.75±0.12Aa | 0.75±0.22Aa | 0.016 | |
十二指肠Duodenum | 0.86±0.14Ab | 1.05±0.12Aa | 0.93±0.13Aab | 0.99±0.08Aa | 0.011 | |
隐窝深度 Crypt depth (C, mm) | 空肠Jejunum | 0.14±0.03Aa | 0.11±0.03Ab | 0.10±0.02Ab | 0.12±0.01Aab | 0.018 |
回肠Ileum | 0.12±0.03Aa | 0.12±0.04Aab | 0.11±0.00Ab | 0.10±0.00Aab | 0.013 | |
十二指肠Duodenum | 0.13±0.05Aa | 0.12±0.01Aa | 0.11±0.03Aa | 0.11±0.11Aa | 0.368 | |
V/C | 空肠Jejunum | 4.30±1.61Ab | 5.49±0.92Aab | 6.47±1.24Aa | 5.89±1.37Aa | 0.048 |
回肠Ileum | 5.07±1.57Ac | 5.41±1.86Abc | 7.23±1.23Aa | 6.85±2.04Aab | 0.042 | |
十二指肠Duodenum | 6.65±2.44Ab | 8.11±2.68Aa | 8.06±1.04Aab | 9.07±2.85Aa | 0.031 | |
黏膜层厚度 Mucosal thickness (mm) | 空肠Jejunum | 0.79±0.23Aa | 0.67±0.06Aa | 0.80±0.16Aa | 0.81±0.20Aa | 0.235 |
回肠Ileum | 0.79±0.11Aab | 0.70±0.06Ab | 0.82±0.07Aa | 0.76±0.12Aab | 0.024 | |
十二指肠Duodenum | 1.00±0.12Bb | 1.24±0.11Aa | 1.13±0.10Aa | 1.12±0.08ABab | 0.005 |
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