草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 118-127.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022126
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
周力1,2(), 侯生珍1, 王志有1, 杨葆春1, 韩丽娟1, 桂林生1()
收稿日期:
2022-03-18
修回日期:
2022-05-23
出版日期:
2023-03-20
发布日期:
2022-12-30
通讯作者:
桂林生
作者简介:
E-mail: guilinsheng1234@163.com基金资助:
Li ZHOU1,2(), Sheng-zhen HOU1, Zhi-you WANG1, Bao-chun YANG1, Li-juan HAN1, Lin-sheng GUI1()
Received:
2022-03-18
Revised:
2022-05-23
Online:
2023-03-20
Published:
2022-12-30
Contact:
Lin-sheng GUI
摘要:
试验旨在探究精料补充料中使用不同比例棕榈粕替代玉米对藏羊母羊肠道组织形态学、消化酶活性、pH、脂多糖以及抗氧化能力的影响。选取初始体重相近且健康的2~3月龄高原型藏羊母羊120只,随机分为4组,每组30只,每组6个重复,每个重复5只母羊,分别饲喂0%、15%、18%和21%水平的棕榈粕替代精料中玉米。试验期97 d。结果显示:1)0%组与15%组间小肠各段的绒毛高度、绒毛宽度、隐窝深度、黏膜厚度以及绒毛高度/隐窝深度差异均不显著(P>0.05);2)0%组空肠的α-淀粉酶、纤维素酶、脂肪酶及糜蛋白酶显著或极显著小于15%组(P<0.05或P<0.01);3)0%组空肠的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性显著低于15%组与18%组(P<0.05),相较于21%组差异不显著(P>0.05);4)18%组与21%组空肠的脂多糖含量显著或极显著高于0%组(P<0.05或P<0.01),与15%组相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,棕榈粕可替代部分玉米饲喂藏羊母羊,推荐替代玉米的比例为15%。
周力, 侯生珍, 王志有, 杨葆春, 韩丽娟, 桂林生. 棕榈粕替代部分玉米对藏羊母羊小肠形态发育、消化酶活性及抗氧化功能的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2023, 32(3): 118-127.
Li ZHOU, Sheng-zhen HOU, Zhi-you WANG, Bao-chun YANG, Li-juan HAN, Lin-sheng GUI. Changes in small intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme activity and antioxidant enzyme activities of female Tibetan sheep after substituting the maize component of a concentrate diet with palm meal[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(3): 118-127.
项目 Items | 0~30 d | 31~90 d | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0% | 15% | 18% | 21% | 0% | 15% | 18% | 21% | |
原料 Ingredients | ||||||||
燕麦干草 Oat hay (%) | 20.00 | 20.00 | 20.00 | 20.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 |
燕麦青贮 Oat silage (%) | 20.00 | 20.00 | 20.00 | 20.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 |
玉米 Corn (%) | 39.30 | 32.52 | 31.08 | 29.70 | 45.85 | 37.94 | 36.26 | 34.65 |
豆粕Soybean meal (%) | 4.80 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 2.40 | 5.60 | 3.50 | 3.50 | 2.80 |
菜籽粕Soybean meal (%) | 9.60 | 9.00 | 9.00 | 9.00 | 11.20 | 10.50 | 10.50 | 10.50 |
棉籽粕 Rapeseed meal (%) | 2.40 | 2.58 | 2.22 | 2.40 | 2.80 | 3.01 | 2.59 | 2.80 |
棕榈粕 Palm meal (%) | 0.00 | 9.00 | 10.80 | 12.60 | 0.00 | 10.50 | 12.60 | 14.70 |
食盐 NaCl (%) | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.35 |
石粉Limestone (%) | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.70 |
预混料 Premix1) (%) | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.50 | 3.50 | 3.50 | 3.50 |
合计 Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | ||||||||
代谢能 Metabolic energy (ME, MJ·kg-1) | 10.65 | 10.28 | 10.21 | 10.13 | 10.97 | 10.53 | 10.45 | 10.36 |
粗蛋白 Crude protein (CP, %) | 9.22 | 9.21 | 9.21 | 9.21 | 10.62 | 10.61 | 10.61 | 10.61 |
粗脂肪 Ether extract (EE,%) | 1.66 | 2.10 | 2.19 | 2.28 | 1.89 | 2.40 | 2.51 | 2.61 |
粗纤维Coarse fiber (CF,%) | 3.05 | 4.22 | 4.45 | 4.69 | 2.79 | 4.16 | 4.43 | 4.72 |
粗灰分Ash (%) | 1.78 | 1.55 | 1.51 | 1.46 | 1.96 | 1.69 | 1.64 | 1.59 |
钙 Calcium (Ca, %) | 0.32 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.37 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.36 |
磷Phosphorus (P, %) | 0.26 | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.30 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)
Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (DM basis)
项目 Items | 0~30 d | 31~90 d | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0% | 15% | 18% | 21% | 0% | 15% | 18% | 21% | |
原料 Ingredients | ||||||||
燕麦干草 Oat hay (%) | 20.00 | 20.00 | 20.00 | 20.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 |
燕麦青贮 Oat silage (%) | 20.00 | 20.00 | 20.00 | 20.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 |
玉米 Corn (%) | 39.30 | 32.52 | 31.08 | 29.70 | 45.85 | 37.94 | 36.26 | 34.65 |
豆粕Soybean meal (%) | 4.80 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 2.40 | 5.60 | 3.50 | 3.50 | 2.80 |
菜籽粕Soybean meal (%) | 9.60 | 9.00 | 9.00 | 9.00 | 11.20 | 10.50 | 10.50 | 10.50 |
棉籽粕 Rapeseed meal (%) | 2.40 | 2.58 | 2.22 | 2.40 | 2.80 | 3.01 | 2.59 | 2.80 |
棕榈粕 Palm meal (%) | 0.00 | 9.00 | 10.80 | 12.60 | 0.00 | 10.50 | 12.60 | 14.70 |
食盐 NaCl (%) | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.35 |
石粉Limestone (%) | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.70 |
预混料 Premix1) (%) | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.50 | 3.50 | 3.50 | 3.50 |
合计 Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | ||||||||
代谢能 Metabolic energy (ME, MJ·kg-1) | 10.65 | 10.28 | 10.21 | 10.13 | 10.97 | 10.53 | 10.45 | 10.36 |
粗蛋白 Crude protein (CP, %) | 9.22 | 9.21 | 9.21 | 9.21 | 10.62 | 10.61 | 10.61 | 10.61 |
粗脂肪 Ether extract (EE,%) | 1.66 | 2.10 | 2.19 | 2.28 | 1.89 | 2.40 | 2.51 | 2.61 |
粗纤维Coarse fiber (CF,%) | 3.05 | 4.22 | 4.45 | 4.69 | 2.79 | 4.16 | 4.43 | 4.72 |
粗灰分Ash (%) | 1.78 | 1.55 | 1.51 | 1.46 | 1.96 | 1.69 | 1.64 | 1.59 |
钙 Calcium (Ca, %) | 0.32 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.37 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.36 |
磷Phosphorus (P, %) | 0.26 | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.30 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
指标 Indexes | 组别Groups | 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0% | 15% | 18% | 21% | |||
绒毛高度Villus height (μm) | 387.38a | 357.34a | 261.56b | 222.75c | 19.36 | 0.029 |
绒毛宽度Villus width (μm) | 116.46Aa | 104.99ABab | 96.94Bb | 79.76Cc | 4.59 | 0.003 |
隐窝深度Crypt depth (μm) | 82.54 | 82.16 | 85.88 | 82.97 | 2.43 | 0.537 |
黏膜厚度Mucosal thickness (μm) | 913.42a | 838.56ab | 800.26ab | 751.80b | 53.99 | 0.019 |
绒毛高度/隐窝深度Villus height/crypt depth (%) | 4.76Aa | 4.40ABab | 3.08BCbc | 2.69Cc | 0.28 | 0.004 |
表2 棕榈粕替代玉米对藏羊母羊十二指肠组织形态的影响
Table 2 Effect of palm meal instead of corn on duodenal tissue morphology of Tibetan sheep ewe
指标 Indexes | 组别Groups | 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0% | 15% | 18% | 21% | |||
绒毛高度Villus height (μm) | 387.38a | 357.34a | 261.56b | 222.75c | 19.36 | 0.029 |
绒毛宽度Villus width (μm) | 116.46Aa | 104.99ABab | 96.94Bb | 79.76Cc | 4.59 | 0.003 |
隐窝深度Crypt depth (μm) | 82.54 | 82.16 | 85.88 | 82.97 | 2.43 | 0.537 |
黏膜厚度Mucosal thickness (μm) | 913.42a | 838.56ab | 800.26ab | 751.80b | 53.99 | 0.019 |
绒毛高度/隐窝深度Villus height/crypt depth (%) | 4.76Aa | 4.40ABab | 3.08BCbc | 2.69Cc | 0.28 | 0.004 |
指标 Indexes | 组别Groups | 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0% | 15% | 18% | 21% | |||
绒毛高度Villus height (μm) | 324.46ab | 369.23a | 285.82b | 350.39a | 11.32 | 0.019 |
绒毛宽度 Villus width (μm) | 99.10b | 111.13ab | 87.58c | 123.50a | 4.71 | 0.011 |
隐窝深度 Crypt depth (μm) | 94.36ab | 109.77a | 87.30b | 108.05a | 3.49 | 0.028 |
黏膜厚度 Mucosal thickness (μm) | 945.95ab | 1018.53a | 821.82b | 964.61a | 27.67 | 0.045 |
绒毛高度/隐窝深度 Villus height/crypt depth (%) | 3.44 | 3.36 | 3.29 | 3.26 | 0.07 | 0.829 |
表3 棕榈粕替代玉米对藏羊母羊空肠组织形态的影响
Table 3 Effects of palm meal instead of corn on jejunum morphology of Tibetan sheep ewe
指标 Indexes | 组别Groups | 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0% | 15% | 18% | 21% | |||
绒毛高度Villus height (μm) | 324.46ab | 369.23a | 285.82b | 350.39a | 11.32 | 0.019 |
绒毛宽度 Villus width (μm) | 99.10b | 111.13ab | 87.58c | 123.50a | 4.71 | 0.011 |
隐窝深度 Crypt depth (μm) | 94.36ab | 109.77a | 87.30b | 108.05a | 3.49 | 0.028 |
黏膜厚度 Mucosal thickness (μm) | 945.95ab | 1018.53a | 821.82b | 964.61a | 27.67 | 0.045 |
绒毛高度/隐窝深度 Villus height/crypt depth (%) | 3.44 | 3.36 | 3.29 | 3.26 | 0.07 | 0.829 |
指标 Indexes | 组别Groups | 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0% | 15% | 18% | 21% | |||
绒毛高度Villus height (μm) | 298.19ab | 331.57a | 231.24b | 241.45b | 15.24 | 0.015 |
绒毛宽度 Villus width (μm) | 154.61 | 175.51 | 146.52 | 140.84 | 6.25 | 0.227 |
隐窝深度 Crypt depth (μm) | 85.20 | 79.88 | 74.42 | 69.01 | 4.47 | 0.066 |
黏膜厚度 Mucosal thickness (μm) | 769.32a | 793.39a | 531.33b | 523.39b | 47.23 | 0.043 |
绒毛高度/隐窝深度 Villus height/crypt depth (%) | 3.54 | 4.14 | 3.59 | 3.53 | 0.11 | 0.096 |
表4 棕榈粕替代玉米对藏羊母羊回肠组织形态的影响
Table 4 Effect of palm meal instead of corn on ileum morphology of Tibetan sheep ewe
指标 Indexes | 组别Groups | 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0% | 15% | 18% | 21% | |||
绒毛高度Villus height (μm) | 298.19ab | 331.57a | 231.24b | 241.45b | 15.24 | 0.015 |
绒毛宽度 Villus width (μm) | 154.61 | 175.51 | 146.52 | 140.84 | 6.25 | 0.227 |
隐窝深度 Crypt depth (μm) | 85.20 | 79.88 | 74.42 | 69.01 | 4.47 | 0.066 |
黏膜厚度 Mucosal thickness (μm) | 769.32a | 793.39a | 531.33b | 523.39b | 47.23 | 0.043 |
绒毛高度/隐窝深度 Villus height/crypt depth (%) | 3.54 | 4.14 | 3.59 | 3.53 | 0.11 | 0.096 |
指标 Indexes | 组别Groups | 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0% | 15% | 18% | 21% | |||
α-淀粉酶α-amylase (U·L-1) | 178.78b | 199.90a | 179.41b | 172.80b | 3.16 | 0.011 |
纤维素酶Cellulase (CE, U·L-1) | 59.56b | 68.71a | 63.32ab | 64.93a | 1.17 | 0.012 |
脂肪酶Lipase (U·L-1) | 172.60Bb | 235.16Aa | 175.99Bb | 213.23Aa | 6.79 | 0.001 |
胰蛋白酶Trypsin (TPS, U·L-1) | 157.04 | 160.48 | 141.50 | 141.16 | 5.08 | 0.137 |
糜蛋白酶Chymotrypsin (IU·L-1) | 113.81b | 132.86a | 128.53a | 125.98ab | 2.71 | 0.043 |
表5 棕榈粕替代玉米对藏羊母羊空肠消化酶活性的影响
Table 5 Effect of palm meal instead of corn on jejunum digestive enzyme activity of Tibetan sheep ewe
指标 Indexes | 组别Groups | 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0% | 15% | 18% | 21% | |||
α-淀粉酶α-amylase (U·L-1) | 178.78b | 199.90a | 179.41b | 172.80b | 3.16 | 0.011 |
纤维素酶Cellulase (CE, U·L-1) | 59.56b | 68.71a | 63.32ab | 64.93a | 1.17 | 0.012 |
脂肪酶Lipase (U·L-1) | 172.60Bb | 235.16Aa | 175.99Bb | 213.23Aa | 6.79 | 0.001 |
胰蛋白酶Trypsin (TPS, U·L-1) | 157.04 | 160.48 | 141.50 | 141.16 | 5.08 | 0.137 |
糜蛋白酶Chymotrypsin (IU·L-1) | 113.81b | 132.86a | 128.53a | 125.98ab | 2.71 | 0.043 |
指标 Indexes | 组别Groups | 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0% | 15% | 18% | 21% | |||
总抗氧化能力Total antioxygentic capacity (T-AOC, ng·mL-1) | 12.54 | 15.60 | 15.87 | 14.83 | 0.92 | 0.059 |
丙二醛Malondialdehyde (MDA, nmol·mL-1) | 5.17 | 5.15 | 5.11 | 5.48 | 0.15 | 0.171 |
超氧化物歧化酶Superoxide dismutase (SOD, U·mL-1) | 112.55 | 137.21 | 115.02 | 126.65 | 4.54 | 0.058 |
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px, U·mL-1) | 238.04c | 422.11a | 279.67b | 276.17bc | 16.07 | 0.031 |
过氧化氢酶Catalase (CAT, U·mL-1) | 28.30b | 40.93a | 35.58a | 33.18ab | 1.31 | 0.014 |
表6 棕榈粕替代玉米对藏羊母羊空肠抗氧化能力的影响
Table 6 Effect of palm meal instead of corn on jejunum antioxidant capacity of Tibetan sheep ewe
指标 Indexes | 组别Groups | 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0% | 15% | 18% | 21% | |||
总抗氧化能力Total antioxygentic capacity (T-AOC, ng·mL-1) | 12.54 | 15.60 | 15.87 | 14.83 | 0.92 | 0.059 |
丙二醛Malondialdehyde (MDA, nmol·mL-1) | 5.17 | 5.15 | 5.11 | 5.48 | 0.15 | 0.171 |
超氧化物歧化酶Superoxide dismutase (SOD, U·mL-1) | 112.55 | 137.21 | 115.02 | 126.65 | 4.54 | 0.058 |
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px, U·mL-1) | 238.04c | 422.11a | 279.67b | 276.17bc | 16.07 | 0.031 |
过氧化氢酶Catalase (CAT, U·mL-1) | 28.30b | 40.93a | 35.58a | 33.18ab | 1.31 | 0.014 |
图4 棕榈粕替代玉米对藏羊母羊空肠pH和脂多糖的影响不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01),相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。Different small letters mean significant differences (P<0.05), different capital letters mean significant differences (P<0.01), and the same letter means no significant differences (P>0.05).
Fig.4 Effect of palm meal instead of corn on pH and lipopolysaccharide in jejunum of Tibetan sheep ewe
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