草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (10): 159-170.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024016
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
黄佩珊(), 臧美琪, 张炜灵, 陈俊戬, 刘立轩, 张庆(
)
收稿日期:
2024-01-11
修回日期:
2024-02-29
出版日期:
2024-10-20
发布日期:
2024-07-15
通讯作者:
张庆
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: zqing1988@126.com基金资助:
Pei-shan HUANG(), Mei-qi ZANG, Wei-ling ZHANG, Jun-jian CHEN, Li-xuan LIU, Qing ZHANG(
)
Received:
2024-01-11
Revised:
2024-02-29
Online:
2024-10-20
Published:
2024-07-15
Contact:
Qing ZHANG
摘要:
为探究黄梁木叶多酚(NCLP)超声辅助提取最佳工艺条件,并研究其对柱花草青贮品质的影响。采用响应面分析法中Box-Behnken Design试验优化NCLP提取工艺条件,同时柱花草青贮试验设3个处理:无添加(对照,CK)、添加1% NCLP(NCLP1)和2% NCLP(NCLP2)。青贮30 d后,测定以上3个处理柱花草的营养成分和发酵品质。结果表明,黄梁木叶多酚的最佳提取工艺为:甲醇浓度71%、液料比30 mL·g-1、提取时间37 min、超声功率250 W。在该提取条件下获得的黄梁木叶多酚为136.82 mg GAE·g-1 DM。在柱花草青贮中添加NCLP可极显著降低pH值、氨态氮含量和干物质损失率(P<0.01),极显著增加乳酸菌数量、乳酸和乙酸含量(P<0.01)。此外,添加2% NCLP还能显著增加真蛋白的含量(P<0.05),显著降低中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的含量(P<0.05)。综上,本研究获得了NCLP的最佳提取工艺,发现NCLP能改善柱花草的青贮品质,以2%NCLP改善效果更好。
黄佩珊, 臧美琪, 张炜灵, 陈俊戬, 刘立轩, 张庆. 黄梁木叶多酚提取工艺优化及其对柱花草青贮品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(10): 159-170.
Pei-shan HUANG, Mei-qi ZANG, Wei-ling ZHANG, Jun-jian CHEN, Li-xuan LIU, Qing ZHANG. Optimization of extraction process of Neolamarckia cadamba leaf polyphenols and its effect on Stylosanthes guianensis silage[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(10): 159-170.
因素Factors | 水平Levels | ||
---|---|---|---|
-1 | 0 | 1 | |
A甲醇浓度Methanol concentration (%) | 60 | 70 | 80 |
B液料比Liquid-solid ratio (mL·g-1) | 20 | 30 | 40 |
C提取时间Extraction time (min) | 30 | 40 | 50 |
D超声功率Ultrasonic power (W) | 200 | 250 | 300 |
表1 响应面分析因素与水平
Table 1 The levels of factors employed of Box-Behnken design
因素Factors | 水平Levels | ||
---|---|---|---|
-1 | 0 | 1 | |
A甲醇浓度Methanol concentration (%) | 60 | 70 | 80 |
B液料比Liquid-solid ratio (mL·g-1) | 20 | 30 | 40 |
C提取时间Extraction time (min) | 30 | 40 | 50 |
D超声功率Ultrasonic power (W) | 200 | 250 | 300 |
图1 甲醇浓度对黄梁木叶多酚提取效果的影响小写字母表示差异性显著,P<0.05。下同。The different small letters mean the significant differences (P<0.05). The same below.
Fig.1 Effect of methanol concentration on N. cadamba leaf polyphenols extraction
编号 No. | 影响因素Factors | NCLP含量Content of NCLP (mg GAE·g-1 DM) | 编号 No. | 影响因素Factors | NCLP含量Content of NCLP (mg GAE·g-1 DM) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | C | D | A | B | C | D | ||||
1 | 0 | 1 | -1 | 0 | 106.06 | 13 | 1 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 105.95 |
2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | -1 | 99.85 | 14 | 0 | -1 | 0 | -1 | 106.29 |
3 | -1 | 0 | -1 | 0 | 113.42 | 15 | 0 | -1 | -1 | 0 | 124.40 |
4 | 0 | 0 | -1 | 1 | 122.90 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 135.05 |
5 | 0 | 0 | -1 | -1 | 110.83 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 134.92 |
6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 138.67 | 18 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 103.99 |
7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | -1 | 104.45 | 19 | 1 | 0 | -1 | 0 | 120.23 |
8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 137.90 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 117.21 |
9 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 101.87 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 135.89 |
10 | 0 | 0 | 1 | -1 | 109.62 | 22 | -1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 104.34 |
11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 114.63 | 23 | 0 | -1 | 0 | 1 | 95.43 |
12 | -1 | 0 | 0 | -1 | 101.66 | 24 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 106.76 |
表2 响应面试验设计及结果
Table 2 Experimental design and results of the Box-Behnken trials
编号 No. | 影响因素Factors | NCLP含量Content of NCLP (mg GAE·g-1 DM) | 编号 No. | 影响因素Factors | NCLP含量Content of NCLP (mg GAE·g-1 DM) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | C | D | A | B | C | D | ||||
1 | 0 | 1 | -1 | 0 | 106.06 | 13 | 1 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 105.95 |
2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | -1 | 99.85 | 14 | 0 | -1 | 0 | -1 | 106.29 |
3 | -1 | 0 | -1 | 0 | 113.42 | 15 | 0 | -1 | -1 | 0 | 124.40 |
4 | 0 | 0 | -1 | 1 | 122.90 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 135.05 |
5 | 0 | 0 | -1 | -1 | 110.83 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 134.92 |
6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 138.67 | 18 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 103.99 |
7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | -1 | 104.45 | 19 | 1 | 0 | -1 | 0 | 120.23 |
8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 137.90 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 117.21 |
9 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 101.87 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 135.89 |
10 | 0 | 0 | 1 | -1 | 109.62 | 22 | -1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 104.34 |
11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 114.63 | 23 | 0 | -1 | 0 | 1 | 95.43 |
12 | -1 | 0 | 0 | -1 | 101.66 | 24 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 106.76 |
来源Source | 平方和Sum of squares | 自由度Degree of freedom | 均方Mean square | F值F-value | P值P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 45.63 | 1 | 45.63 | 3.67 | 0.0761 |
B | 17.98 | 1 | 17.98 | 1.45 | 0.2491 |
C | 121.41 | 1 | 121.41 | 9.76 | 0.0075 |
D | 56.77 | 1 | 56.77 | 4.57 | 0.0508 |
AB | 37.52 | 1 | 37.52 | 3.02 | 0.1043 |
AC | 75.00 | 1 | 75.00 | 6.03 | 0.0277 |
AD | 24.85 | 1 | 24.85 | 2.00 | 0.1793 |
BC | 363.86 | 1 | 363.86 | 29.26 | <0.0001 |
BD | 78.94 | 1 | 78.94 | 6.35 | 0.0245 |
CD | 5.02 | 1 | 5.02 | 0.40 | 0.5355 |
A2 | 1775.52 | 1 | 1775.52 | 142.79 | <0.0001 |
B2 | 2165.36 | 1 | 2165.36 | 174.14 | <0.0001 |
C2 | 295.84 | 1 | 295.84 | 23.79 | 0.0002 |
D2 | 1460.37 | 1 | 1460.37 | 117.45 | <0.0001 |
模型Model | 4763.16 | 14 | 340.23 | 27.36 | <0.0001 |
残差Residual | 174.08 | 14 | 12.43 | ||
失拟项Lack of fit | 162.44 | 10 | 16.24 | 5.58 | 0.0560 |
纯误差Pure error | 11.64 | 4 | 2.91 |
表3 响应面试验的方差分析
Table 3 Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the quadratic model of NCLP
来源Source | 平方和Sum of squares | 自由度Degree of freedom | 均方Mean square | F值F-value | P值P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 45.63 | 1 | 45.63 | 3.67 | 0.0761 |
B | 17.98 | 1 | 17.98 | 1.45 | 0.2491 |
C | 121.41 | 1 | 121.41 | 9.76 | 0.0075 |
D | 56.77 | 1 | 56.77 | 4.57 | 0.0508 |
AB | 37.52 | 1 | 37.52 | 3.02 | 0.1043 |
AC | 75.00 | 1 | 75.00 | 6.03 | 0.0277 |
AD | 24.85 | 1 | 24.85 | 2.00 | 0.1793 |
BC | 363.86 | 1 | 363.86 | 29.26 | <0.0001 |
BD | 78.94 | 1 | 78.94 | 6.35 | 0.0245 |
CD | 5.02 | 1 | 5.02 | 0.40 | 0.5355 |
A2 | 1775.52 | 1 | 1775.52 | 142.79 | <0.0001 |
B2 | 2165.36 | 1 | 2165.36 | 174.14 | <0.0001 |
C2 | 295.84 | 1 | 295.84 | 23.79 | 0.0002 |
D2 | 1460.37 | 1 | 1460.37 | 117.45 | <0.0001 |
模型Model | 4763.16 | 14 | 340.23 | 27.36 | <0.0001 |
残差Residual | 174.08 | 14 | 12.43 | ||
失拟项Lack of fit | 162.44 | 10 | 16.24 | 5.58 | 0.0560 |
纯误差Pure error | 11.64 | 4 | 2.91 |
项目 Item | 柱花草 S. guianensis |
---|---|
干物质Dry matter (% FM) | 32.23±0.30 |
粗蛋白Crude protein (% DM) | 10.74±0.45 |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (% DM) | 62.38±0.17 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (% DM) | 47.01±1.12 |
可溶性碳水化合物Water-soluble carbohydrates (% DM) | 1.79±0.06 |
乳酸菌Lactic acid bacteria (lg cfu·g-1 FM) | 4.52±0.26 |
大肠杆菌Coliform (lg cfu·g-1 FM) | 4.80±0.10 |
酵母菌Yeasts (lg cfu·g-1 FM) | 3.32±0.11 |
霉菌Molds (lg cfu·g-1 FM) | 2.98±0.05 |
表4 青贮原料的特性
Table 4 The characteristics of silage materials
项目 Item | 柱花草 S. guianensis |
---|---|
干物质Dry matter (% FM) | 32.23±0.30 |
粗蛋白Crude protein (% DM) | 10.74±0.45 |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (% DM) | 62.38±0.17 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (% DM) | 47.01±1.12 |
可溶性碳水化合物Water-soluble carbohydrates (% DM) | 1.79±0.06 |
乳酸菌Lactic acid bacteria (lg cfu·g-1 FM) | 4.52±0.26 |
大肠杆菌Coliform (lg cfu·g-1 FM) | 4.80±0.10 |
酵母菌Yeasts (lg cfu·g-1 FM) | 3.32±0.11 |
霉菌Molds (lg cfu·g-1 FM) | 2.98±0.05 |
项目 Items | 处理Treatments | 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | NCLP1 | NCLP2 | |||
干物质Dry matter (% FM) | 32.32 | 32.77 | 33.11 | 0.19 | 0.26 |
干物质损失率Dry matter loss rate (%) | 1.97a | 1.73b | 1.65c | 0.05 | <0.01 |
pH | 5.09a | 4.71b | 4.58c | 0.08 | <0.01 |
乳酸菌Lactic acid bacteria (lg cfu·g-1 FM) | 8.25b | 8.57a | 8.59a | 0.07 | <0.01 |
大肠杆菌Coliform (lg cfu·g-1 FM) | 2.10 | <2.00 | <2.00 | - | - |
霉菌Molds (lg cfu·g-1 FM) | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | - | - |
酵母菌Yeasts (lg cfu·g-1 FM) | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | - | - |
乳酸Lactic acid (% DM) | 1.21b | 2.20a | 2.23a | 0.17 | <0.01 |
乙酸Acetic acid (% DM) | 1.67c | 3.01b | 4.06a | 0.35 | <0.01 |
丙酸Propionic acid (% DM) | ND | ND | ND | - | - |
丁酸Butyric acid (% DM) | ND | ND | ND | - | - |
表5 黄梁木叶多酚提取物对柱花草青贮发酵品质和微生物数量的影响
Table 5 The effect of N. cadamba leaves’ polyphenolson the fermentation quality and microbial population of S. guianensis silage
项目 Items | 处理Treatments | 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | NCLP1 | NCLP2 | |||
干物质Dry matter (% FM) | 32.32 | 32.77 | 33.11 | 0.19 | 0.26 |
干物质损失率Dry matter loss rate (%) | 1.97a | 1.73b | 1.65c | 0.05 | <0.01 |
pH | 5.09a | 4.71b | 4.58c | 0.08 | <0.01 |
乳酸菌Lactic acid bacteria (lg cfu·g-1 FM) | 8.25b | 8.57a | 8.59a | 0.07 | <0.01 |
大肠杆菌Coliform (lg cfu·g-1 FM) | 2.10 | <2.00 | <2.00 | - | - |
霉菌Molds (lg cfu·g-1 FM) | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | - | - |
酵母菌Yeasts (lg cfu·g-1 FM) | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | - | - |
乳酸Lactic acid (% DM) | 1.21b | 2.20a | 2.23a | 0.17 | <0.01 |
乙酸Acetic acid (% DM) | 1.67c | 3.01b | 4.06a | 0.35 | <0.01 |
丙酸Propionic acid (% DM) | ND | ND | ND | - | - |
丁酸Butyric acid (% DM) | ND | ND | ND | - | - |
项目 Items | 处理Treatments | 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | NCLP1 | NCLP2 | |||
粗蛋白Crude protein (% DM) | 9.92 | 9.92 | 9.70 | 0.12 | 0.72 |
真蛋白True protein (% DM) | 6.46b | 6.80ab | 7.29a | 0.14 | 0.02 |
非蛋白氮Non-protein nitrogen (% DM) | 3.47 | 3.13 | 2.41 | 0.22 | 0.14 |
氨态氮NH3-N (% TN) | 8.27a | 4.52b | 4.12b | 0.70 | <0.01 |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (% DM) | 63.64a | 62.00ab | 59.98b | 0.66 | 0.04 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (% DM) | 49.05a | 47.22ab | 46.51b | 0.47 | 0.04 |
表6 黄梁木叶多酚提取物对柱花草青贮蛋白组分和纤维含量的影响
Table 6 The effect of N. cadamba leaves’ polyphenols on the protein fraction and fiber content of S. guianensis silage
项目 Items | 处理Treatments | 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | NCLP1 | NCLP2 | |||
粗蛋白Crude protein (% DM) | 9.92 | 9.92 | 9.70 | 0.12 | 0.72 |
真蛋白True protein (% DM) | 6.46b | 6.80ab | 7.29a | 0.14 | 0.02 |
非蛋白氮Non-protein nitrogen (% DM) | 3.47 | 3.13 | 2.41 | 0.22 | 0.14 |
氨态氮NH3-N (% TN) | 8.27a | 4.52b | 4.12b | 0.70 | <0.01 |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (% DM) | 63.64a | 62.00ab | 59.98b | 0.66 | 0.04 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (% DM) | 49.05a | 47.22ab | 46.51b | 0.47 | 0.04 |
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