草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (8): 43-53.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024366
张译尹1(
), 王斌1, 王腾飞1, 兰剑1, 胡海英1,2(
)
收稿日期:2024-09-24
修回日期:2024-10-28
出版日期:2025-08-20
发布日期:2025-06-16
通讯作者:
胡海英
作者简介:E-mail: haiying@nxu.edu.cn基金资助:
Yi-yin ZHANG1(
), Bin WANG1, Teng-fei WANG1, Jian LAN1, Hai-ying HU1,2(
)
Received:2024-09-24
Revised:2024-10-28
Online:2025-08-20
Published:2025-06-16
Contact:
Hai-ying HU
摘要:
针对宁夏引黄灌区地下水位高引起苜蓿营养生长过盛,限制了其生殖生长,造成种子产量低等问题,试验采用单因素随机区组设计,于2022年9月在紫花苜蓿种子田间作小黑麦,小黑麦的播量设置5个水平,分别为90(IMS1)、135(IMS2)、180(IMS3)、225(IMS4)、270 kg·hm-2(IMS5),苜蓿单播为对照(SM),研究了不同播量小黑麦与紫花苜蓿间作对第一茬牧草产量、水分利用以及第2茬紫花苜蓿种子生产性能的影响。结果表明:小黑麦与紫花苜蓿间作其总干草产量和粗蛋白产量较紫花苜蓿单作平均提高了25.71%和6.62%。小黑麦与紫花苜蓿间作可促进复合群体用水,提高水分利用效率,为第2茬紫花苜蓿种子收获提供适宜的土壤水分环境,进而促进植株的个体发育和种子产量。其中间作群体耗水量较紫花苜蓿单作均显著提高,且在IMS4处理下,耗水量达到最大,为455.72 mm。同时,在IMS4处理下苜蓿实际种子产量达到最高,为448 kg·hm-2,较紫花苜蓿单作提高了28.33%。因此,小黑麦播种量为225 kg·hm-2时与紫花苜蓿种子田间作有利于提高第一茬草地生产性能和水分利用效率,同时对第2茬紫花苜蓿种子生产具有明显的正效应。
张译尹, 王斌, 王腾飞, 兰剑, 胡海英. 苜蓿种子田间作小黑麦对饲草产量、水分利用及苜蓿种子产量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2025, 34(8): 43-53.
Yi-yin ZHANG, Bin WANG, Teng-fei WANG, Jian LAN, Hai-ying HU. Effects of intercropping triticale with alfalfa on system yield, resource utilization, and alfalfa seed yield[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(8): 43-53.
图3 不同处理下总干草产量和粗蛋白产量不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05),下同。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments (P<0.05), the same below.
Fig.3 Total hay yield and crude protein yield under different treatments
处理 Treatment | 每m2生殖枝数 Reproductive branches per m2 | 每生殖枝花序数 Number of inflorescences per reproductive branch | 每花序小花数 Number of small flowers per inflorescence | 每花序结荚数 Number of pods per inflorescence | 每荚种子数 Seeds per pod | 千粒重 Thousand seed weight (g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IMS1 | 147.33±4.67b | 20.33±1.28bc | 19.50±0.99b | 7.67±0.33b | 4.17±0.31bc | 2.10±0.03b |
| IMS2 | 148.00±3.83b | 24.83±1.99ab | 20.83±0.95a | 7.83±0.48b | 4.33±0.21bc | 2.09±0.05b |
| IMS3 | 150.50±5.41ab | 25.67±1.28a | 19.50±1.34b | 8.00±0.37ab | 4.50±0.22bc | 2.14±0.01a |
| IMS4 | 162.67±2.43a | 27.50±2.26a | 21.33±1.23a | 9.33±0.21a | 5.50±0.22a | 2.08±0.02b |
| IMS5 | 153.17±4.11ab | 26.67±1.54a | 19.67±2.79b | 8.17±0.17ab | 4.67±0.21b | 2.08±0.02b |
| SM | 134.17±3.68c | 17.83±0.87c | 19.17±0.91b | 6.83±0.40c | 3.83±0.17c | 2.06±0.03b |
表1 不同处理对苜蓿种子产量构成因素的影响
Table 1 Effect of different treatments on the components of alfalfa seed yield
处理 Treatment | 每m2生殖枝数 Reproductive branches per m2 | 每生殖枝花序数 Number of inflorescences per reproductive branch | 每花序小花数 Number of small flowers per inflorescence | 每花序结荚数 Number of pods per inflorescence | 每荚种子数 Seeds per pod | 千粒重 Thousand seed weight (g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IMS1 | 147.33±4.67b | 20.33±1.28bc | 19.50±0.99b | 7.67±0.33b | 4.17±0.31bc | 2.10±0.03b |
| IMS2 | 148.00±3.83b | 24.83±1.99ab | 20.83±0.95a | 7.83±0.48b | 4.33±0.21bc | 2.09±0.05b |
| IMS3 | 150.50±5.41ab | 25.67±1.28a | 19.50±1.34b | 8.00±0.37ab | 4.50±0.22bc | 2.14±0.01a |
| IMS4 | 162.67±2.43a | 27.50±2.26a | 21.33±1.23a | 9.33±0.21a | 5.50±0.22a | 2.08±0.02b |
| IMS5 | 153.17±4.11ab | 26.67±1.54a | 19.67±2.79b | 8.17±0.17ab | 4.67±0.21b | 2.08±0.02b |
| SM | 134.17±3.68c | 17.83±0.87c | 19.17±0.91b | 6.83±0.40c | 3.83±0.17c | 2.06±0.03b |
图7 结构方程模型x2/df: 标准化卡方值Normed Chi-square; CFI: 比较拟合指数Comparison of fit indices; RMSEA: 近似均方根误差Root mean square error of approximation; GFI: 拟合度指数Goodness of fit index; P: P值P-value; 结构方程模型揭示了土壤耗水量、单位面积生殖枝数、每生殖枝花序数、每花序小花数、每花序结荚数、每荚种子数、表现种子产量和实际种子产量的直接或间接影响。Structural equation models (SEM) revealed the direct or indirect effects of soil water consumption (ET), reproductive branches per unit area (RBP), inflorescence number per reproductive branches (NIP), number of small flowers per inflorescence (NSF), number of pods per inflorescence (NPI), number of seeds per pod (SPP), expression seed yield (ESY) and actual seed yield (ASY); 红线表示极显著正向关系(P<0.001),绿线表示显著正向关系(P<0.05),黑线表示无显著影响(P>0.05),蓝线表示负向关系但无显著影响(P>0.05)。The red line represents extremely significant positive relationship (P<0.001), the green line represents a significant positive relationship (P<0.05), the black line represents no significant effect (P>0.05), and the blue line represents a negative relationship but no significant effect (P>0.05); ***: P<0.001; **: P<0.05.
Fig.7 Structural equation model
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