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草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 203-210.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022210

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    

腾格里沙漠南缘不同恢复阶段沙质草地植被的季节变化特征

马婧1(), 郭方君2, 邹枝慧3, 孙琳3, 陈芳4   

  1. 1.中国农业大学草业科学与技术学院,北京 100193
    2.甘肃农业大学林学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
    3.甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
    4.甘肃省治沙研究所,甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-09 修回日期:2022-08-09 出版日期:2023-05-20 发布日期:2023-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 马婧
  • 作者简介:马婧(2000-),女,甘肃兰州人,在读本科。E-mail: . E-mail: mjtwosenven@126.com
    马婧(2000-),女,甘肃兰州人,在读本科。E-mail: mjtwosenven@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    中央财政科技推广示范项目(2021ZYTG002);甘肃草原生态修复科技支撑项目(LCJ20210028)

Seasonal variation in vegetation during restoration of sandy grassland at the southern edge of the Tengger desert

Jing MA1(), Fang-jun GUO2, Zhi-hui ZOU3, Lin SUN3, Fang CHEN4   

  1. 1.College of Grassland Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China
    2.College of Forestry,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China
    3.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China
    4.Gansu Desert Control Research Institute,Lanzhou 730070,China
  • Received:2022-05-09 Revised:2022-08-09 Online:2023-05-20 Published:2023-03-20
  • Contact: Jing MA

摘要:

植被的季节动态变化是陆地生态系统对气候变化最敏感且最直观的反映。在腾格里沙漠南缘,以紧邻的地带性植被荒漠草原为对照,选择流动沙地、半固定沙地、固定沙地作为沙质草地恢复序列,对比分析不同恢复阶段沙质草地植被盖度、物种多样性在生长季5-10月的动态变化特征,以确定开展沙质草地调查监测的恰当时间及数量指标,为沙质草地地面调查、遥感监测、恢复及利用提供依据。研究结果表明,腾格里沙漠南缘不同恢复阶段沙质草地的植被盖度和物种多样性明显不同,荒漠草原生长季的平均植被盖度与固定沙地接近,是流动沙地、半固定沙地的27.6和2.3倍;其Shannon多样性指数是流动沙地、半固定沙地和固定沙地的2.7、1.5和1.7倍。沙质草地的季节变化明显,植被盖度、物种丰富度、草本植物盖度均呈持续增加趋势,物种多样性均呈先降低后增加的趋势,9-10月是沙质草地调查的适宜时间。但是,不同恢复阶段沙质草地的季节变化程度及变化规律又明显不同,流动沙地植被盖度、草本植物盖度的季节变异系数最大,Gleason丰富度指数、多样性指数变异系数最小,荒漠草原植被盖度、草本植物盖度、多样性指数季节变异系数均低于流动沙丘,反映出恢复早期沙质草地的稳定性差。人工固沙植被建设促进了沙质草地的恢复演替,改变其季节变化特征,增强了其群落稳定性,但要继续推进固定沙质草地向地带性荒漠草原的恢复演替,仍需要加强封禁保护。

关键词: 沙质草地, 腾格里沙漠, 植被盖度, 物种多样性, 生长季

Abstract:

The dynamic changes in vegetation during the growing season reflect the most sensitive and intuitive responses of the terrestrial ecosystem to climate change. In this study, we investigated the restoration sequence of sandy grassland in shifting, semi-fixed, and fixed sandy lands at the southern edge of the Tengger desert, and compared the desert vegetation with the zonal vegetation in the adjacent desert steppe as the control. The dynamic characteristics of vegetation coverage and species diversity at different stages of the restoration process during the growing season were analyzed. The overall aims were to determine the appropriate period and quantitative indexes for the investigation and monitoring of sandy grassland, and to provide a basis for sample plot investigation, remote sensing monitoring, and the restoration and utilization of sandy grassland. It was found that the vegetation coverage and species diversity significantly differed among sandy grasslands at different stages of restoration. The average vegetation coverage of the desert steppe was close to that of fixed sandy land, and was 27.6-times and 2.3-times that of shifting and semi-fixed sandy land, respectively. The Shannon’s diversity index of vegetation on the desert steppe was 2.7-times, 1.5-times, and 1.7-times that of shifting, semi-fixed, and fixed sandy lands, respectively. The seasonal variation in sandy grassland differed in terms of magnitude and specific trends depending on the stage of restoration. The vegetation coverage, herb coverage, and species richness showed a gradually increasing trend, and the plant diversity initially decreased and then increased from shifting, to semi-fixed, to fixed sandy land sites. The best time to evaluate sandy grassland is from September to October. Shifting sandy land showed the largest seasonal variation coefficients of vegetation coverage and herb coverage, and the lowest variation coefficients of Gleason’s richness index and diversity index. The desert steppe showed the lowest seasonal variation coefficients of vegetation coverage and herb coverage, reflecting the poor stability of sandy grassland in the early stage of restoration. In conclusion, the establishment of artificial fixed-sand vegetation accelerated the restoration and succession of sandy grassland, changed its seasonal variation patterns, and enhanced its community stability. However, enclosure is also necessary to promote the restoration and succession of fixed sandy grassland to zonal desert steppe vegetation.

Key words: sandy grassland, Tengger desert, vegetation coverage, plant diversity, growing season