草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (10): 174-186.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024456
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
张然1(
), 刘琛琢1, 苑峰2, 刘亚玲2, 董笛1, 王思宁1, 邹博坤1, 李晓霞1(
)
收稿日期:2024-11-19
修回日期:2025-01-09
出版日期:2025-10-20
发布日期:2025-07-11
通讯作者:
李晓霞
作者简介:E-mail: lixiaoxia@caf.ac.cn基金资助:
Ran ZHANG1(
), Chen-zhuo LIU1, Feng YUAN2, Ya-ling LIU2, Di DONG1, Si-ning WANG1, Bo-kun ZOU1, Xiao-xia LI1(
)
Received:2024-11-19
Revised:2025-01-09
Online:2025-10-20
Published:2025-07-11
Contact:
Xiao-xia LI
摘要:
长穗偃麦草因其较强的耐盐碱能力常被广泛用于建植盐碱地牧场。为探究其响应盐碱胁迫的离子平衡机制,本研究以长穗偃麦草‘Orbit’为试验材料,设置150 mmol·L-1的NaHCO3溶液人工模拟碱胁迫,测定了幼苗生长指标及矿质离子(Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO42-和NO3-)含量,并利用高通量Illumina Hiseq测序技术对正常处理(CK)和胁迫24 h NaHCO3处理下的叶片和根系进行了转录组学分析。结果表明:NaHCO3胁迫下,长穗偃麦草幼苗根系生物量显著增加,根冠比增大。转录组结果表明,NaHCO3处理下叶片中有1833个差异基因(different expression genes, DEGs),根系中有1536个DEGs,140个基因在叶片和根系中均差异表达。GO和KEGG富集分析发现,叶片和根系中的DEGs均显著富集在与抗氧化相关、离子结合相关、苯丙氨酸和苯丙烷类生物合成等代谢通路;离子结合通路相关DEGs包括BAK1、CIPK10、STRK1、WAK8及多条laccase基因(laccase-11和laccase-3)等,可能参与了长穗偃麦草对NaHCO3胁迫的响应过程。此外,生理试验结果进一步证明长穗偃麦草叶片和根系的离子转运与分配受到影响,表现为Na+大量积累,而对K+的吸收能力下降,K+/Na+下降,根系通过提高对其他阳离子(如Ca2+、Mg2+和Fe3+)的吸收及分配能力来保持体内营养均衡,以更好地适应盐碱环境。本研究结果可为牧草及其他作物耐盐分子育种提供优异基因资源,还可为长穗偃麦草推广及盐碱地改良利用提供理论依据。
张然, 刘琛琢, 苑峰, 刘亚玲, 董笛, 王思宁, 邹博坤, 李晓霞. 长穗偃麦草响应NaHCO3胁迫的离子平衡机制及转录组分析[J]. 草业学报, 2025, 34(10): 174-186.
Ran ZHANG, Chen-zhuo LIU, Feng YUAN, Ya-ling LIU, Di DONG, Si-ning WANG, Bo-kun ZOU, Xiao-xia LI. Ion balance mechanism and transcriptome analysis of Elytrigia elongata in response to NaHCO3 stress[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(10): 174-186.
处理 Treatment | 地上部干重 Dry weight of aboveground (mg·10株-1) | 根系干重 Dry weight of root (mg·10株-1) | 根冠比 Root to shoot ratio (%) | 地上部含水量 The water content of aboveground (%) | 根系含水量 The water content of root (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 4.58±0.12 | 2.44±0.05 | 53.38±0.98 | 81.74±0.44 | 90.91±0.08 |
| NaHCO3 | 3.75±0.11*** | 2.94±0.05** | 78.68±2.37** | 79.98±0.36** | 86.29±0.24** |
表1 NaHCO3胁迫对长穗偃麦草生长指标的影响
Table 1 Effect of NaHCO3 stress on growth indicators of E. elongata
处理 Treatment | 地上部干重 Dry weight of aboveground (mg·10株-1) | 根系干重 Dry weight of root (mg·10株-1) | 根冠比 Root to shoot ratio (%) | 地上部含水量 The water content of aboveground (%) | 根系含水量 The water content of root (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 4.58±0.12 | 2.44±0.05 | 53.38±0.98 | 81.74±0.44 | 90.91±0.08 |
| NaHCO3 | 3.75±0.11*** | 2.94±0.05** | 78.68±2.37** | 79.98±0.36** | 86.29±0.24** |
图1 差异基因表达的数目及韦恩图分析CK_L vs NaHCO3_L代表与对照相比,NaHCO3胁迫处理叶片中差异表达基因的数量;CK_R vs NaHCO3_R代表与对照相比,NaHCO3胁迫处理根系中差异表达基因的数量;下同。CK_L vs NaHCO3_L represents the number of DEGs in leaves treated with NaHCO3 stress compared to the control; CK_R vs NaHCO3_R represents the number of DEGs in roots treated with NaHCO3 stress compared to the control. The same below.
Fig.1 The number of different expression genes (DEGs) and Venn analysis
图2 NaHCO3胁迫处理下叶片和根系中差异基因KEGG富集通路分析
Fig.2 KEGG enrichment pathway of different expression genes (DEGs) in leaves and roots under NaHCO3 stress treatment
图4 NaHCO3胁迫处理下叶片和根系离子通路候选基因热图分析及基因名称CK-L-1,CK-L-2和CK-L-3代表对照处理叶片的3个生物学重复,NaHCO3-L-1,NaHCO3-L-2和NaHCO3-L-3代表NaHCO3处理叶片的3个生物学重复;CK-R-1,CK-R-2和CK-R-3代表对照处理根系的3个生物学重复,NaHCO3-R-1,NaHCO3-R-2和NaHCO3-R-3代表NaHCO3处理根系的3个生物学重复。CK-L-1, CK-L-2, and CK-L-3 represent three biological replicates of control in leaves, while NaHCO3-L-1, NaHCO3-L-2, and NaHCO3-L-3 represent three biological replicates of NaHCO3 treated in leaves; CK-R-1, CK-R-2, and CK-R-3 represent three biological replicates of control in roots, while NaHCO3-R-1, NaHCO3-R-2, and NaHCO3-R-3 represent three biological replicates of NaHCO3 treated in roots.
Fig.4 Heat map analysis of ion pathway candidate genes in leaves and roots under NaHCO3 stress treatment and gene names
图5 NaHCO3胁迫对长穗偃麦草叶片和根系Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe3+和Cu2+ 含量的影响DW:干重Dry weight. *代表P<0.05,**代表P<0.01,***代表P<0.001,下同。* represents P<0.05, ** represents P<0.01, *** represents P<0.001. The same below.
Fig.5 Effects of NaHCO3 stress on the contents of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+ and Cu2+ in leaves and roots of E. elongata
图6 NaHCO3胁迫对长穗偃麦草叶片和根系Cl-、NO3-和SO42-含量的影响ns代表P>0.05。ns represents P>0.05.
Fig.6 Effects of NaHCO3 stress on the contents of Cl-, NO3- and SO42- in leaves and roots of E. elongata
组织 Tissue | 处理 Treatment | 阳离子/Na+ Cation/Na+ | 阴离子/Cl- Anions/Cl- | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K+/Na+ | Ca2+/Na+ | Mg2+/Na+ | Fe3+/Na+ | Cu2+/Na+ | NO3-/Cl- | SO42-/Cl- | ||
叶片 Leaf | CK | 52.64±0.89 | 2.47±0.05 | 0.79±0.03 | 0.09±0.00 | 0.005±0.00 | 0.037±0.00 | 1.53±0.02 |
| NaHCO3 | 9.54±0.05*** | 0.54±0.01*** | 0.14±0.00*** | 0.03±0.00*** | 0.002±0.00*** | 0.031±0.00* | 2.12±0.12* | |
根 Root | CK | 22.52±0.37 | 1.64±0.03 | 0.38±0.01 | 0.89±0.01 | 0.01±0.00 | 0.010±0.00 | 4.02±0.21 |
| NaHCO3 | 3.87±0.03*** | 0.57±0.00*** | 0.18±0.00*** | 0.55±0.01*** | 0.002±0.00*** | 0.006±0.03** | 5.02±0.24ns | |
表2 NaHCO3胁迫处理对长穗偃麦草地上部和地下部离子分配的影响
Table 2 Effects of NaHCO3 stress on ion allocation in the upper and underground parts of E. elongata
组织 Tissue | 处理 Treatment | 阳离子/Na+ Cation/Na+ | 阴离子/Cl- Anions/Cl- | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K+/Na+ | Ca2+/Na+ | Mg2+/Na+ | Fe3+/Na+ | Cu2+/Na+ | NO3-/Cl- | SO42-/Cl- | ||
叶片 Leaf | CK | 52.64±0.89 | 2.47±0.05 | 0.79±0.03 | 0.09±0.00 | 0.005±0.00 | 0.037±0.00 | 1.53±0.02 |
| NaHCO3 | 9.54±0.05*** | 0.54±0.01*** | 0.14±0.00*** | 0.03±0.00*** | 0.002±0.00*** | 0.031±0.00* | 2.12±0.12* | |
根 Root | CK | 22.52±0.37 | 1.64±0.03 | 0.38±0.01 | 0.89±0.01 | 0.01±0.00 | 0.010±0.00 | 4.02±0.21 |
| NaHCO3 | 3.87±0.03*** | 0.57±0.00*** | 0.18±0.00*** | 0.55±0.01*** | 0.002±0.00*** | 0.006±0.03** | 5.02±0.24ns | |
| 处理Treatment | S | S | S | S | S | S | S |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 0.43±0.00 | 0.48±0.02 | 0.66±0.02 | 10.12±0.15 | 1.92±0.03 | 2.63±0.15 | 0.26±0.00 |
| NaHCO3 | 0.41±0.00** | 1.32±0.05** | 1.07±0.01*** | 19.36±0.43*** | 1.65±0.01** | 2.37±0.23ns | 0.20±0.01* |
表3 NaHCO3胁迫处理对长穗偃麦草阴阳离子运输的影响
Table 3 Effects of NaHCO3 stress on cation and anion transport in E. elongata
| 处理Treatment | S | S | S | S | S | S | S |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 0.43±0.00 | 0.48±0.02 | 0.66±0.02 | 10.12±0.15 | 1.92±0.03 | 2.63±0.15 | 0.26±0.00 |
| NaHCO3 | 0.41±0.00** | 1.32±0.05** | 1.07±0.01*** | 19.36±0.43*** | 1.65±0.01** | 2.37±0.23ns | 0.20±0.01* |
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