草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (8): 97-111.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025342
收稿日期:2025-08-27
修回日期:2025-10-13
出版日期:2026-08-20
发布日期:2026-06-22
通讯作者:
胡海英
作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: haiying@nxu.edu.cn基金资助:
Jia-yi YONG1(
), Jia-xi YONG1, Ying ZHANG1, Hai-ying HU1,2(
)
Received:2025-08-27
Revised:2025-10-13
Online:2026-08-20
Published:2026-06-22
Contact:
Hai-ying HU
摘要:
宁夏是我国优势农产品区域布局中重要的优势畜牧业生产基地。牧草作为畜牧业的重要物质基础,探究其再生能力对畜牧业的可持续发展有重要意义。本研究采用盆栽试验,对燕麦5个品种[‘挑战者’(TZZ)、‘甜燕1号’(TY)、‘牧乐思’(MLS)、‘喜韵’(XY)和‘白燕7号’(BY)]于抽穗期进行刈割处理,刈割留茬高度为5、10和15 cm,以齐地刈割为对照(CK),分析不同品种在不同留茬高度下的再生机制及其种内差异。结果表明:1)随留茬高度的增加,5种燕麦的株高、分蘖数、叶面积和茎叶生物量逐渐增加,根生物量、根冠比逐渐降低。在5 cm处理下,TY和MLS的茎叶生物量呈欠补偿生长,TZZ、XY和BY的茎叶生物量呈等补偿生长;在10 cm处理下,XY和MLS的茎叶生物量呈等补偿生长,TZZ、TY、BY的茎叶生物量呈超补偿生长;在15 cm处理下,5种燕麦的茎叶生物量均呈超补偿生长。2)5种燕麦叶片和根中的淀粉、可溶性糖含量基本随留茬高度的增加而增加,根中可溶性糖含量均高于叶片。留茬5 cm时,TZZ、TY和MLS叶片和根中的可溶性蛋白含量均最低,BY反之。刈割后燕麦中粗蛋白含量降低,中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量增加,粗蛋白含量随留茬高度的增加而显著增加(P<0.05),中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量随留茬高度的增加而降低,相对饲草质量随留茬高度的增加而增加。3)由主成分分析结果可知,变异范围表现为MLS>TZZ>TY≈BY>XY。灰色关联度分析显示,15 cm处理下各品种的加权排名均高于5 cm处理,排名由高到低依次为MLS-15 cm>TZZ-15 cm>TY-15 cm>TY-10 cm>BY-15 cm>TZZ-10 cm>MLS-10 cm>XY-15 cm>BY-10 cm>TY-5 cm>BY-5 cm>XY-10 cm>XY-5 cm>MLS-5 cm>TZZ-5 cm。
雍嘉仪, 雍佳熹, 张颖, 胡海英. 5种燕麦再生生长性能及饲草品质对留茬高度的响应[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(8): 97-111.
Jia-yi YONG, Jia-xi YONG, Ying ZHANG, Hai-ying HU. Regrowth and forage quality responses to stubble height in five oat varieties[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(8): 97-111.
简称 Abbreviation | 品种 Variety | 熟性 Maturity | 生育期Period of duration (d) |
|---|---|---|---|
| TZZ | 挑战者Challenger | 中熟Mid-maturing | 108 |
| TY | 甜燕1号Tianyan No.1 | 早熟Early-maturing | 85 |
| MLS | 牧乐思Molasses | 晚熟Late-maturing | 115 |
| XY | 喜韵Xiyun | 中熟Mid-maturing | 110 |
| BY | 白燕7号Baiyan No.7 | 早熟Early-maturing | 85 |
表1 5种供试燕麦品种熟性及生育期
Table 1 Maturity and period of duration of five oats varieties for test
简称 Abbreviation | 品种 Variety | 熟性 Maturity | 生育期Period of duration (d) |
|---|---|---|---|
| TZZ | 挑战者Challenger | 中熟Mid-maturing | 108 |
| TY | 甜燕1号Tianyan No.1 | 早熟Early-maturing | 85 |
| MLS | 牧乐思Molasses | 晚熟Late-maturing | 115 |
| XY | 喜韵Xiyun | 中熟Mid-maturing | 110 |
| BY | 白燕7号Baiyan No.7 | 早熟Early-maturing | 85 |
图1 不同留茬高度对5种燕麦分蘖数的影响不同小写字母表示同一品种不同留茬高度处理之间差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示同一留茬高度处理下不同品种之间差异显著(P<0.05),下同。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different stubble height treatments of the same variety (P<0.05), and different uppercase letters indicate significant differences among different varieties under the same stubble height treatments (P<0.05). The same below.
Fig.1 Effect of different stubble height on the tiller number of five oatsCI=G/C (6)
| 品种Variety | SH (cm) | CI | SR (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| TZZ | 0 (CK) | 1.000±0.00cA | 100.0 |
| 5 | 0.936±0.07cAB | 20.0 | |
| 10 | 1.172±0.01bA | 80.0 | |
| 15 | 1.548±0.03aA | 80.0 | |
| TY | 0 (CK) | 1.000±0.00cA | 100.0 |
| 5 | 0.796±0.07dAB | 42.5 | |
| 10 | 1.154±0.04bA | 57.5 | |
| 15 | 1.445±0.06aA | 84.0 | |
| MLS | 0 (CK) | 1.000±0.00bA | 100.0 |
| 5 | 0.710±0.06cB | 45.0 | |
| 10 | 1.116±0.05bA | 34.3 | |
| 15 | 1.445±0.08aA | 77.1 | |
| XY | 0 (CK) | 1.000±0.00bA | 100.0 |
| 5 | 0.993±0.09bA | 55.0 | |
| 10 | 1.138±0.07abA | 70.0 | |
| 15 | 1.336±0.14aA | 70.0 | |
| BY | 0 (CK) | 1.000±0.00cA | 100.0 |
| 5 | 0.995±0.07cA | 40.0 | |
| 10 | 1.191±0.05bA | 60.0 | |
| 15 | 1.478±0.02aA | 80.0 |
表2 不同留茬高度对5种燕麦地上生物量补偿性生长的影响
Table 2 Effect of different stubble height on the compensatory growth of aboveground biomass of five oats
| 品种Variety | SH (cm) | CI | SR (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| TZZ | 0 (CK) | 1.000±0.00cA | 100.0 |
| 5 | 0.936±0.07cAB | 20.0 | |
| 10 | 1.172±0.01bA | 80.0 | |
| 15 | 1.548±0.03aA | 80.0 | |
| TY | 0 (CK) | 1.000±0.00cA | 100.0 |
| 5 | 0.796±0.07dAB | 42.5 | |
| 10 | 1.154±0.04bA | 57.5 | |
| 15 | 1.445±0.06aA | 84.0 | |
| MLS | 0 (CK) | 1.000±0.00bA | 100.0 |
| 5 | 0.710±0.06cB | 45.0 | |
| 10 | 1.116±0.05bA | 34.3 | |
| 15 | 1.445±0.08aA | 77.1 | |
| XY | 0 (CK) | 1.000±0.00bA | 100.0 |
| 5 | 0.993±0.09bA | 55.0 | |
| 10 | 1.138±0.07abA | 70.0 | |
| 15 | 1.336±0.14aA | 70.0 | |
| BY | 0 (CK) | 1.000±0.00cA | 100.0 |
| 5 | 0.995±0.07cA | 40.0 | |
| 10 | 1.191±0.05bA | 60.0 | |
| 15 | 1.478±0.02aA | 80.0 |
品种 Variety | 留茬高度 SH (cm) | 粗蛋白 CP (%) | 中性洗涤纤维 NDF (%) | 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF (%) | 相对饲草 质量RFQ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TZZ | 0 (CK) | 18.03±0.10aD | 53.55±0.45aA | 30.91±0.36dA | 152.56±2.51bC |
| 5 | 12.51±0.63cAB | 52.25±0.62aC | 39.69±0.20aA | 134.28±2.03cA | |
| 10 | 15.05±0.37bA | 50.66±0.34bCD | 34.58±0.79bA | 154.82±2.46bB | |
| 15 | 17.91±1.09aB | 48.17±0.25cB | 32.89±0.34cA | 171.25±0.29aBC | |
| TY | 0 (CK) | 20.29±0.30aA | 47.41±0.95cC | 27.34±0.83cC | 161.89±7.47aA |
| 5 | 13.82±0.67bA | 56.11±0.11aB | 35.37±0.39aD | 131.27±1.31cA | |
| 10 | 14.61±0.74bA | 54.38±0.39aB | 33.16±0.86bAB | 143.37±3.02cC | |
| 15 | 20.01±0.74aA | 51.91±1.03bA | 31.34±0.40bB | 158.53±5.32bC | |
| MLS | 0 (CK) | 19.58±0.16aAB | 51.64±0.63cB | 29.53±0.27cB | 164.49±3.29aB |
| 5 | 10.82±0.79dBC | 58.76±0.35aA | 38.37±0.51aB | 115.12±0.89cB | |
| 10 | 12.72±0.17cB | 56.77±0.52bA | 32.74±0.38bAB | 135.56±2.75bC | |
| 15 | 17.19±0.50bB | 52.04±0.41cA | 28.92±0.39cC | 164.31±0.84aBC | |
| XY | 0 (CK) | 19.10±0.33aBC | 53.94±0.33bA | 28.96±0.20cB | 156.09±1.87bBC |
| 5 | 11.19±0.63cBC | 57.60±0.36aA | 34.01±0.39aE | 129.51±2.05cA | |
| 10 | 12.46±0.65cB | 49.42±0.40cD | 32.33±0.71bAB | 166.86±3.59bA | |
| 15 | 15.19±0.11bC | 44.71±0.85dC | 25.98±0.58dD | 211.75±6.17aA | |
| BY | 0 (CK) | 18.35±0.37aCD | 53.21±0.40bAB | 30.91±0.23bA | 153.95±1.32bBC |
| 5 | 10.16±0.21dC | 59.11±0.89aA | 37.17±0.26aC | 116.96±2.12cB | |
| 10 | 12.23±0.32cB | 51.56±0.63bC | 31.43±0.66bB | 159.68±4.58bAB | |
| 15 | 14.95±0.28bC | 50.89±1.21bA | 26.62±0.43cD | 176.18±5.53aB |
表3 不同留茬高度对5种燕麦牧草饲草品质的影响
Table 3 Effect of different stubble height on forage nutritional quality of five oats
品种 Variety | 留茬高度 SH (cm) | 粗蛋白 CP (%) | 中性洗涤纤维 NDF (%) | 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF (%) | 相对饲草 质量RFQ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TZZ | 0 (CK) | 18.03±0.10aD | 53.55±0.45aA | 30.91±0.36dA | 152.56±2.51bC |
| 5 | 12.51±0.63cAB | 52.25±0.62aC | 39.69±0.20aA | 134.28±2.03cA | |
| 10 | 15.05±0.37bA | 50.66±0.34bCD | 34.58±0.79bA | 154.82±2.46bB | |
| 15 | 17.91±1.09aB | 48.17±0.25cB | 32.89±0.34cA | 171.25±0.29aBC | |
| TY | 0 (CK) | 20.29±0.30aA | 47.41±0.95cC | 27.34±0.83cC | 161.89±7.47aA |
| 5 | 13.82±0.67bA | 56.11±0.11aB | 35.37±0.39aD | 131.27±1.31cA | |
| 10 | 14.61±0.74bA | 54.38±0.39aB | 33.16±0.86bAB | 143.37±3.02cC | |
| 15 | 20.01±0.74aA | 51.91±1.03bA | 31.34±0.40bB | 158.53±5.32bC | |
| MLS | 0 (CK) | 19.58±0.16aAB | 51.64±0.63cB | 29.53±0.27cB | 164.49±3.29aB |
| 5 | 10.82±0.79dBC | 58.76±0.35aA | 38.37±0.51aB | 115.12±0.89cB | |
| 10 | 12.72±0.17cB | 56.77±0.52bA | 32.74±0.38bAB | 135.56±2.75bC | |
| 15 | 17.19±0.50bB | 52.04±0.41cA | 28.92±0.39cC | 164.31±0.84aBC | |
| XY | 0 (CK) | 19.10±0.33aBC | 53.94±0.33bA | 28.96±0.20cB | 156.09±1.87bBC |
| 5 | 11.19±0.63cBC | 57.60±0.36aA | 34.01±0.39aE | 129.51±2.05cA | |
| 10 | 12.46±0.65cB | 49.42±0.40cD | 32.33±0.71bAB | 166.86±3.59bA | |
| 15 | 15.19±0.11bC | 44.71±0.85dC | 25.98±0.58dD | 211.75±6.17aA | |
| BY | 0 (CK) | 18.35±0.37aCD | 53.21±0.40bAB | 30.91±0.23bA | 153.95±1.32bBC |
| 5 | 10.16±0.21dC | 59.11±0.89aA | 37.17±0.26aC | 116.96±2.12cB | |
| 10 | 12.23±0.32cB | 51.56±0.63bC | 31.43±0.66bB | 159.68±4.58bAB | |
| 15 | 14.95±0.28bC | 50.89±1.21bA | 26.62±0.43cD | 176.18±5.53aB |
图7 不同留茬高度处理下燕麦各项指标的相关性分析*: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001; X1: 分蘖数Tiller number; X2: 存活率Survival rate; X3: 株高Plant height; X4: 叶片生长速率Leaf growth rate; X5: 叶面积Leaf area; X6: 茎叶生物量Stem and leaf biomass; X7: 根生物量Root biomass; X8: 根冠比Root-shoot ratio; X9: 补偿指数Compensation index; X10: 相对叶绿素Relative chlorophyll; X11: 淀粉Starch; X12: 可溶性糖Soluble sugar; X13: 可溶性蛋白Soluble protein; X14: 粗蛋白Crude protein; X15: 中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber; X16: 酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber; X17: 相对饲草质量Relative forage quality.下同The same below.
Fig.7 Correlation analysis of various indicators of oats under different stubble height treatments
处理 Treatment | 等权Equal weight | 加权Weighted | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 关联度Correlation degree | 排名Ranking | 关联度Correlation degree | 排名Ranking | |
| TZZ-CK | 0.7054 | 6 | 0.7235 | 6 |
| TY-CK | 0.7199 | 5 | 0.7456 | 4 |
| MLS-CK | 0.8214 | 1 | 0.8283 | 1 |
| XY-CK | 0.6463 | 9 | 0.6606 | 9 |
| BY-CK | 0.7269 | 4 | 0.7548 | 3 |
| TZZ-5 cm | 0.5550 | 20 | 0.5603 | 20 |
| TY-5 cm | 0.5866 | 15 | 0.5937 | 15 |
| MLS-5 cm | 0.5656 | 18 | 0.5726 | 19 |
| XY-5 cm | 0.5627 | 19 | 0.5739 | 18 |
| BY-5 cm | 0.5830 | 16 | 0.5934 | 16 |
| TZZ-10 cm | 0.6339 | 10 | 0.6411 | 11 |
| TY-10 cm | 0.6472 | 8 | 0.6723 | 8 |
| MLS-10 cm | 0.6128 | 12 | 0.6244 | 12 |
| XY-10 cm | 0.5727 | 17 | 0.5860 | 17 |
| BY-10 cm | 0.5967 | 14 | 0.6086 | 14 |
| TZZ-15 cm | 0.7341 | 3 | 0.7443 | 5 |
| TY-15 cm | 0.6997 | 7 | 0.7133 | 7 |
| MLS-15 cm | 0.7586 | 2 | 0.7747 | 2 |
| XY-15 cm | 0.6079 | 13 | 0.6150 | 13 |
| BY-15 cm | 0.6322 | 11 | 0.6440 | 10 |
表4 不同留茬高度处理下的关联度及其排名
Table 4 Correlation degree and ranking of different stubble height treatments
处理 Treatment | 等权Equal weight | 加权Weighted | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 关联度Correlation degree | 排名Ranking | 关联度Correlation degree | 排名Ranking | |
| TZZ-CK | 0.7054 | 6 | 0.7235 | 6 |
| TY-CK | 0.7199 | 5 | 0.7456 | 4 |
| MLS-CK | 0.8214 | 1 | 0.8283 | 1 |
| XY-CK | 0.6463 | 9 | 0.6606 | 9 |
| BY-CK | 0.7269 | 4 | 0.7548 | 3 |
| TZZ-5 cm | 0.5550 | 20 | 0.5603 | 20 |
| TY-5 cm | 0.5866 | 15 | 0.5937 | 15 |
| MLS-5 cm | 0.5656 | 18 | 0.5726 | 19 |
| XY-5 cm | 0.5627 | 19 | 0.5739 | 18 |
| BY-5 cm | 0.5830 | 16 | 0.5934 | 16 |
| TZZ-10 cm | 0.6339 | 10 | 0.6411 | 11 |
| TY-10 cm | 0.6472 | 8 | 0.6723 | 8 |
| MLS-10 cm | 0.6128 | 12 | 0.6244 | 12 |
| XY-10 cm | 0.5727 | 17 | 0.5860 | 17 |
| BY-10 cm | 0.5967 | 14 | 0.6086 | 14 |
| TZZ-15 cm | 0.7341 | 3 | 0.7443 | 5 |
| TY-15 cm | 0.6997 | 7 | 0.7133 | 7 |
| MLS-15 cm | 0.7586 | 2 | 0.7747 | 2 |
| XY-15 cm | 0.6079 | 13 | 0.6150 | 13 |
| BY-15 cm | 0.6322 | 11 | 0.6440 | 10 |
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