草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (8): 84-96.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025360
黄德锋1(
), 李珂珂1, 赖可2, 班洁2, 王硕1, 齐博康1, 张晓雯1, 钟志强1, 邓孝琛1, 原现军1(
)
收稿日期:2025-09-03
修回日期:2025-10-16
出版日期:2026-08-20
发布日期:2026-06-22
通讯作者:
原现军
作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: hnyxj0702@163.com基金资助:
De-feng HUANG1(
), Ke-ke LI1, Ke LAI2, Jie BAN2, Shuo WANG1, Bo-kang QI1, Xiao-wen ZHANG1, Zhi-qiang ZHONG1, Xiao-chen DENG1, Xian-jun YUAN1(
)
Received:2025-09-03
Revised:2025-10-16
Online:2026-08-20
Published:2026-06-22
Contact:
Xian-jun YUAN
摘要:
为筛选出适合日喀则高寒气候的优质燕麦品种,在日喀则市对18个饲用燕麦品种进行引种栽培,测定了其农艺性状、生产性能、营养品质和青贮特性。结果表明:干草产量以甜燕75为最高,达13.40 t·hm?2,其次为泰克,干草产量达11.39 t·hm?2。粗蛋白含量以泰克最高,为12.17%。定燕2号中性洗涤纤维含量最低,为46.34%。高燕17、定燕2号、优牧1号、前锋和泰克的酸性洗涤纤维含量低于其余参试品种,分别为24.07%、24.75%、25.10%、26.15%和26.36%。自然青贮80 d后,除英迪米特、陇燕3号、歌莉娅、高燕16和定燕2号青贮饲料的pH高于4.2外,其余品种均发酵良好,泰克和甜燕2+的乳酸含量较高,各品种的氨态氮含量均低于10%,英迪米特和优牧1号丁酸含量较高,其余品种均低于1%。前锋、优牧1号和泰克青贮饲料相对饲喂价值(RFV)和饲草分级指数(FGI)排名位列前三,饲用价值较高。综合考虑产量、营养品质和青贮特性,根据主成分、灰色关联度和熵权TOPSIS法分析结果,推荐将前锋、泰克和优牧1号作为日喀则高寒地区饲用燕麦的核心推广品种。
黄德锋, 李珂珂, 赖可, 班洁, 王硕, 齐博康, 张晓雯, 钟志强, 邓孝琛, 原现军. 18个燕麦品种在日喀则的生产性能和青贮品质评价[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(8): 84-96.
De-feng HUANG, Ke-ke LI, Ke LAI, Jie BAN, Shuo WANG, Bo-kang QI, Xiao-wen ZHANG, Zhi-qiang ZHONG, Xiao-chen DENG, Xian-jun YUAN. Evaluation of yield, nutritional quality and silage quality of 18 oat varieties in Shigatse[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(8): 84-96.
| 品种Varieties | 来源Source |
|---|---|
| 优牧1号Youmu No.1 | 北京百斯特草业有限公司Beijing Best Grass Industry Co., Ltd. |
| 英迪米特Indimite | 四川志和城锐农牧科技有限公司Sichuan Zhihe Chengrui Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. |
| 泰克Taike | 北京百斯特草业有限公司Beijing Best Grass Industry Co., Ltd. |
| 陇燕5号Longyan No.5 | 甘肃农业大学/百思特草业有限公司Gansu Agricultural University/Best Grass Industry Co., Ltd. |
| 悍马Hanma | 圣牧高科生态草业有限公司Shengmu Hi-tech Ecological Grass Co., Ltd. |
| 前锋Qianfeng | 北京百斯特草业有限公司Beijing Best Grass Industry Co., Ltd. |
| 甜燕2+Tianyan 2+ | 北京佰青源畜牧业科技发展有限公司Beijing Baiqingyuan Animal Husbandry Technology Development Co., Ltd. |
| 高燕17 Gaoyan 17 | 青海湟中天兴草业有限公司Qinghai Tianxing Grass Industry Co., Ltd. |
| 陇燕4号Longyan No.4 | 甘肃农业大学/百思特草业有限公司Gansu Agricultural University/Best Grass Industry Co., Ltd. |
| 白燕7号Baiyan No.7 | 甘肃百斯特草种有限公司Gansu Best Seed Industry Co., Ltd. |
| 陇燕3号Longyan No.3 | 甘肃农业大学/百思特草业有限公司Gansu Agricultural University/Best Grass Industry Co., Ltd. |
| 歌莉娅Gloria | 北京百斯特草业有限公司Beijing Best Grass Industry Co., Ltd. |
| 青海甜燕麦Qinghai sweet oat | 青海湟中天兴草业有限公司Qinghai Tianxing Grass Industry Co., Ltd. |
| 高燕16 Gaoyan 16 | 青海湟中天兴草业有限公司Qinghai Tianxing Grass Industry Co., Ltd. |
| 青引1号Qingyin No.1 | 青海湟中天兴草业有限公司Qinghai Tianxing Grass Industry Co., Ltd. |
| 甜燕75 Tianyan 75 | 北京佰青源畜牧业科技发展有限公司Beijing Baiqingyuan Animal Husbandry Technology Development Co., Ltd. |
| 挑战者Challenger | 四川志和城锐农牧科技有限公司Sichuan Zhihe Chengrui Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. |
| 定燕2号Dingyan No.2 | 甘肃百斯特草种有限公司Gansu Best Seed Industry Co., Ltd. |
表1 参试燕麦品种及其来源
Table 1 Oat varieties and their sources for the trial
| 品种Varieties | 来源Source |
|---|---|
| 优牧1号Youmu No.1 | 北京百斯特草业有限公司Beijing Best Grass Industry Co., Ltd. |
| 英迪米特Indimite | 四川志和城锐农牧科技有限公司Sichuan Zhihe Chengrui Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. |
| 泰克Taike | 北京百斯特草业有限公司Beijing Best Grass Industry Co., Ltd. |
| 陇燕5号Longyan No.5 | 甘肃农业大学/百思特草业有限公司Gansu Agricultural University/Best Grass Industry Co., Ltd. |
| 悍马Hanma | 圣牧高科生态草业有限公司Shengmu Hi-tech Ecological Grass Co., Ltd. |
| 前锋Qianfeng | 北京百斯特草业有限公司Beijing Best Grass Industry Co., Ltd. |
| 甜燕2+Tianyan 2+ | 北京佰青源畜牧业科技发展有限公司Beijing Baiqingyuan Animal Husbandry Technology Development Co., Ltd. |
| 高燕17 Gaoyan 17 | 青海湟中天兴草业有限公司Qinghai Tianxing Grass Industry Co., Ltd. |
| 陇燕4号Longyan No.4 | 甘肃农业大学/百思特草业有限公司Gansu Agricultural University/Best Grass Industry Co., Ltd. |
| 白燕7号Baiyan No.7 | 甘肃百斯特草种有限公司Gansu Best Seed Industry Co., Ltd. |
| 陇燕3号Longyan No.3 | 甘肃农业大学/百思特草业有限公司Gansu Agricultural University/Best Grass Industry Co., Ltd. |
| 歌莉娅Gloria | 北京百斯特草业有限公司Beijing Best Grass Industry Co., Ltd. |
| 青海甜燕麦Qinghai sweet oat | 青海湟中天兴草业有限公司Qinghai Tianxing Grass Industry Co., Ltd. |
| 高燕16 Gaoyan 16 | 青海湟中天兴草业有限公司Qinghai Tianxing Grass Industry Co., Ltd. |
| 青引1号Qingyin No.1 | 青海湟中天兴草业有限公司Qinghai Tianxing Grass Industry Co., Ltd. |
| 甜燕75 Tianyan 75 | 北京佰青源畜牧业科技发展有限公司Beijing Baiqingyuan Animal Husbandry Technology Development Co., Ltd. |
| 挑战者Challenger | 四川志和城锐农牧科技有限公司Sichuan Zhihe Chengrui Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. |
| 定燕2号Dingyan No.2 | 甘肃百斯特草种有限公司Gansu Best Seed Industry Co., Ltd. |
品种 Variety | 旗叶长度 Flag leaf length (cm) | 旗叶宽度 Flag leaf width (cm) | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 茎粗 Stem diameter (mm) | 鲜草产量 Fresh grass yield (t·hm-2) | 干草产量 Hay yield (t·hm-2) | 叶茎比 Leaf-stem ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 优牧1号Youmu No.1 | 23.19±1.83c | 1.52±0.05cde | 104.12±13.07cde | 4.12±0.28ef | 22.34±6.47cde | 8.73±2.03bc | 1.32±0.03a |
| 英迪米特Indimite | 15.37±0.48gh | 1.41±0.09ef | 135.16±10.78a | 4.41±0.06de | 27.64±9.27bcd | 10.94±2.39abc | 0.65±0.06f |
| 泰克Taike | 21.96±1.67cde | 1.49±0.11de | 114.84±2.20bcd | 4.59±0.20bcde | 27.43±3.33bcd | 11.39±1.27ab | 0.86±0.03cd |
| 陇燕5号Longyan No.5 | 18.16±0.62fg | 1.78±0.08cd | 107.14±4.74cde | 4.45±0.10cde | 33.21±3.19ab | 9.09±1.10bc | 0.68±0.03ef |
| 悍马Hanma | 30.85±2.32ab | 2.62±0.16a | 127.08±6.87ab | 4.84±0.44abcd | 30.80±0.94abc | 10.66±0.41bc | 0.77±0.02def |
| 前锋Qianfeng | 22.74±1.06cd | 1.83±0.33c | 94.18±4.43ef | 4.82±0.21abcd | 25.55±1.45bcde | 10.19±1.73bc | 0.68±0.04ef |
| 甜燕2+Tianyan 2+ | 13.97±2.22h | 1.40±0.04ef | 98.60±20.17def | 4.76±0.49bcd | 25.72±11.63bcde | 8.65±3.03bc | 0.69±0.02ef |
| 高燕17 Gaoyan 17 | 21.26±0.42cdef | 2.33±0.14b | 112.65±6.02bcd | 5.10±0.16ab | 28.91±3.01bc | 9.32±0.58bc | 0.62±0.02f |
| 陇燕4号Longyan No.4 | 18.85±0.77ef | 1.58±0.12cde | 106.34±4.49cde | 3.66±0.19fg | 19.08±0.77de | 9.98±0.72bc | 1.30±0.16a |
| 白燕7号Baiyan No.7 | 22.62±1.20cd | 1.52±0.19cde | 115.44±6.88bcd | 4.28±0.52de | 31.59±8.85abc | 10.37±0.72bc | 0.76±0.12def |
| 陇燕3号Longyan No.3 | 22.64±1.31cd | 2.22±0.12b | 115.42±7.07bcd | 4.56±0.19bcde | 24.32±2.48bcde | 9.58±0.44bc | 0.65±0.01f |
| 歌莉娅Gloria | 18.98±0.96ef | 1.51±0.09de | 121.03±5.19abc | 4.07±0.26efg | 26.71±1.67bcd | 11.16±0.68ab | 1.14±0.06b |
| 青海甜燕麦Qinghai sweet oat | 19.34±2.16def | 1.13±0.16f | 83.73±3.67f | 3.58±0.25g | 16.91±3.04e | 8.25±2.39c | 0.93±0.24c |
| 高燕16 Gaoyan 16 | 33.30±5.07a | 2.92±0.31a | 114.64±7.98bcd | 5.35±0.18a | 30.13±3.63bc | 10.07±1.18bc | 0.67±0.01f |
| 青引1号Qingyin No.1 | 19.63±1.03cdef | 1.43±0.09ef | 115.02±7.32bcd | 4.18±0.20ef | 29.43±2.72bc | 11.05±0.80ab | 0.82±0.06cde |
| 甜燕75 Tianyan 75 | 22.54±1.03cd | 2.16±0.10b | 110.22±5.29bcde | 4.79±0.05bcd | 39.79±3.05a | 13.40±0.36a | 0.71±0.02def |
| 挑战者Challenger | 28.70±2.12b | 2.64±0.35a | 117.84±19.70bc | 5.02±0.60abc | 30.55±4.73abc | 10.20±0.21bc | 0.74±0.01def |
| 定燕2号Dingyan No.2 | 29.79±1.73b | 2.65±0.15a | 116.24±4.44bcd | 4.59±0.09bcde | 33.78±1.99ab | 11.05±0.32ab | 0.62±0.03f |
表2 参试燕麦品种农艺性状及产量比较
Table 2 Comparison of agronomic traits and yield of tested oat varieties
品种 Variety | 旗叶长度 Flag leaf length (cm) | 旗叶宽度 Flag leaf width (cm) | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 茎粗 Stem diameter (mm) | 鲜草产量 Fresh grass yield (t·hm-2) | 干草产量 Hay yield (t·hm-2) | 叶茎比 Leaf-stem ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 优牧1号Youmu No.1 | 23.19±1.83c | 1.52±0.05cde | 104.12±13.07cde | 4.12±0.28ef | 22.34±6.47cde | 8.73±2.03bc | 1.32±0.03a |
| 英迪米特Indimite | 15.37±0.48gh | 1.41±0.09ef | 135.16±10.78a | 4.41±0.06de | 27.64±9.27bcd | 10.94±2.39abc | 0.65±0.06f |
| 泰克Taike | 21.96±1.67cde | 1.49±0.11de | 114.84±2.20bcd | 4.59±0.20bcde | 27.43±3.33bcd | 11.39±1.27ab | 0.86±0.03cd |
| 陇燕5号Longyan No.5 | 18.16±0.62fg | 1.78±0.08cd | 107.14±4.74cde | 4.45±0.10cde | 33.21±3.19ab | 9.09±1.10bc | 0.68±0.03ef |
| 悍马Hanma | 30.85±2.32ab | 2.62±0.16a | 127.08±6.87ab | 4.84±0.44abcd | 30.80±0.94abc | 10.66±0.41bc | 0.77±0.02def |
| 前锋Qianfeng | 22.74±1.06cd | 1.83±0.33c | 94.18±4.43ef | 4.82±0.21abcd | 25.55±1.45bcde | 10.19±1.73bc | 0.68±0.04ef |
| 甜燕2+Tianyan 2+ | 13.97±2.22h | 1.40±0.04ef | 98.60±20.17def | 4.76±0.49bcd | 25.72±11.63bcde | 8.65±3.03bc | 0.69±0.02ef |
| 高燕17 Gaoyan 17 | 21.26±0.42cdef | 2.33±0.14b | 112.65±6.02bcd | 5.10±0.16ab | 28.91±3.01bc | 9.32±0.58bc | 0.62±0.02f |
| 陇燕4号Longyan No.4 | 18.85±0.77ef | 1.58±0.12cde | 106.34±4.49cde | 3.66±0.19fg | 19.08±0.77de | 9.98±0.72bc | 1.30±0.16a |
| 白燕7号Baiyan No.7 | 22.62±1.20cd | 1.52±0.19cde | 115.44±6.88bcd | 4.28±0.52de | 31.59±8.85abc | 10.37±0.72bc | 0.76±0.12def |
| 陇燕3号Longyan No.3 | 22.64±1.31cd | 2.22±0.12b | 115.42±7.07bcd | 4.56±0.19bcde | 24.32±2.48bcde | 9.58±0.44bc | 0.65±0.01f |
| 歌莉娅Gloria | 18.98±0.96ef | 1.51±0.09de | 121.03±5.19abc | 4.07±0.26efg | 26.71±1.67bcd | 11.16±0.68ab | 1.14±0.06b |
| 青海甜燕麦Qinghai sweet oat | 19.34±2.16def | 1.13±0.16f | 83.73±3.67f | 3.58±0.25g | 16.91±3.04e | 8.25±2.39c | 0.93±0.24c |
| 高燕16 Gaoyan 16 | 33.30±5.07a | 2.92±0.31a | 114.64±7.98bcd | 5.35±0.18a | 30.13±3.63bc | 10.07±1.18bc | 0.67±0.01f |
| 青引1号Qingyin No.1 | 19.63±1.03cdef | 1.43±0.09ef | 115.02±7.32bcd | 4.18±0.20ef | 29.43±2.72bc | 11.05±0.80ab | 0.82±0.06cde |
| 甜燕75 Tianyan 75 | 22.54±1.03cd | 2.16±0.10b | 110.22±5.29bcde | 4.79±0.05bcd | 39.79±3.05a | 13.40±0.36a | 0.71±0.02def |
| 挑战者Challenger | 28.70±2.12b | 2.64±0.35a | 117.84±19.70bc | 5.02±0.60abc | 30.55±4.73abc | 10.20±0.21bc | 0.74±0.01def |
| 定燕2号Dingyan No.2 | 29.79±1.73b | 2.65±0.15a | 116.24±4.44bcd | 4.59±0.09bcde | 33.78±1.99ab | 11.05±0.32ab | 0.62±0.03f |
品种 Varieties | 干物质 DM (%FW) | 水溶性碳水化合物 WSC (%DM) | 粗蛋白 CP (%DM) | 中性洗涤纤维 NDF (%DM) | 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF (%DM) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 优牧1号Youmu No.1 | 34.73±2.14def | 14.97±0.62ghi | 8.93±0.15bcdef | 48.45±2.70de | 25.10±2.99gh |
| 英迪米特Indimite | 29.45±0.70h | 14.14±0.72hi | 8.74±0.68cdef | 58.94±1.60a | 35.03±1.41a |
| 泰克Taike | 34.99±0.49cdef | 17.61±1.99defg | 12.17±0.40a | 49.20±1.89cde | 26.36±1.37fgh |
| 陇燕5号Longyan No.5 | 35.83±1.99bcde | 20.29±3.18bcd | 6.85±1.30hi | 55.50±1.70abc | 33.15±0.26abc |
| 悍马Hanma | 37.50±0.60ab | 16.83±2.43efgh | 9.83±0.78bc | 55.19±0.09abcd | 29.60±0.37cdef |
| 前锋Qianfeng | 39.67±0.47a | 12.77±0.27i | 9.21±0.13bcdef | 50.63±3.26cde | 26.15±0.78fgh |
| 甜燕2+Tianyan 2+ | 32.05±0.54g | 23.08±1.97a | 7.40±0.19gh | 54.28±2.24abcd | 31.70±2.00abc |
| 高燕17 Gaoyan 17 | 33.15±1.04fg | 21.58±1.41ab | 8.39±0.25efg | 49.27±7.38cde | 24.07±2.09h |
| 陇燕4号Longyan No.4 | 31.81±1.01g | 19.12±1.31bcdef | 6.15±0.70i | 54.87±4.22abcd | 33.06±3.39abc |
| 白燕7号Baiyan No.7 | 35.58±0.34bcde | 18.77±1.70cdef | 8.54±0.23defg | 50.09±5.40cde | 27.68±2.86defgh |
| 陇燕3号Longyan No.3 | 36.23±0.34bcd | 14.08±1.29hi | 8.52±0.75defg | 58.15±0.33ab | 34.40±0.29ab |
| 歌莉娅Gloria | 37.78±1.14ab | 16.45±0.03fgh | 8.30±1.52fg | 48.95±1.58cde | 28.01±0.65defg |
| 青海甜燕麦Qinghai sweet oat | 37.06±1.52bc | 21.37±2.20abc | 8.78±0.53bcdef | 51.38±2.87cde | 27.36±2.16efgh |
| 高燕16 Gaoyan 16 | 34.63±1.46def | 15.11±0.72ghi | 9.31±0.36bcdef | 52.22±4.57bcde | 30.36±3.00cde |
| 青引1号 Qingyin No.1 | 35.73±1.43bcde | 19.61±0.20bcde | 8.57±0.39cdefg | 50.13±4.09cde | 27.94±1.91defg |
| 甜燕75 Tianyan 75 | 33.85±0.22efg | 20.36±0.54abcd | 10.03±0.44ab | 54.70±3.41abcd | 31.20±2.33bcd |
| 挑战者Challenger | 37.56±2.40ab | 17.88±0.06def | 9.76±0.72bcd | 51.12±3.56cde | 27.79±1.19defg |
| 定燕2号Dingyan No.2 | 37.64±0.39ab | 17.60±0.74defg | 9.60±0.48bcde | 46.34±2.30e | 24.75±1.45gh |
表3 不同燕麦品种青贮前营养组分比较
Table 3 Comparison of nutritional values of different oat varieties before ensiling
品种 Varieties | 干物质 DM (%FW) | 水溶性碳水化合物 WSC (%DM) | 粗蛋白 CP (%DM) | 中性洗涤纤维 NDF (%DM) | 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF (%DM) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 优牧1号Youmu No.1 | 34.73±2.14def | 14.97±0.62ghi | 8.93±0.15bcdef | 48.45±2.70de | 25.10±2.99gh |
| 英迪米特Indimite | 29.45±0.70h | 14.14±0.72hi | 8.74±0.68cdef | 58.94±1.60a | 35.03±1.41a |
| 泰克Taike | 34.99±0.49cdef | 17.61±1.99defg | 12.17±0.40a | 49.20±1.89cde | 26.36±1.37fgh |
| 陇燕5号Longyan No.5 | 35.83±1.99bcde | 20.29±3.18bcd | 6.85±1.30hi | 55.50±1.70abc | 33.15±0.26abc |
| 悍马Hanma | 37.50±0.60ab | 16.83±2.43efgh | 9.83±0.78bc | 55.19±0.09abcd | 29.60±0.37cdef |
| 前锋Qianfeng | 39.67±0.47a | 12.77±0.27i | 9.21±0.13bcdef | 50.63±3.26cde | 26.15±0.78fgh |
| 甜燕2+Tianyan 2+ | 32.05±0.54g | 23.08±1.97a | 7.40±0.19gh | 54.28±2.24abcd | 31.70±2.00abc |
| 高燕17 Gaoyan 17 | 33.15±1.04fg | 21.58±1.41ab | 8.39±0.25efg | 49.27±7.38cde | 24.07±2.09h |
| 陇燕4号Longyan No.4 | 31.81±1.01g | 19.12±1.31bcdef | 6.15±0.70i | 54.87±4.22abcd | 33.06±3.39abc |
| 白燕7号Baiyan No.7 | 35.58±0.34bcde | 18.77±1.70cdef | 8.54±0.23defg | 50.09±5.40cde | 27.68±2.86defgh |
| 陇燕3号Longyan No.3 | 36.23±0.34bcd | 14.08±1.29hi | 8.52±0.75defg | 58.15±0.33ab | 34.40±0.29ab |
| 歌莉娅Gloria | 37.78±1.14ab | 16.45±0.03fgh | 8.30±1.52fg | 48.95±1.58cde | 28.01±0.65defg |
| 青海甜燕麦Qinghai sweet oat | 37.06±1.52bc | 21.37±2.20abc | 8.78±0.53bcdef | 51.38±2.87cde | 27.36±2.16efgh |
| 高燕16 Gaoyan 16 | 34.63±1.46def | 15.11±0.72ghi | 9.31±0.36bcdef | 52.22±4.57bcde | 30.36±3.00cde |
| 青引1号 Qingyin No.1 | 35.73±1.43bcde | 19.61±0.20bcde | 8.57±0.39cdefg | 50.13±4.09cde | 27.94±1.91defg |
| 甜燕75 Tianyan 75 | 33.85±0.22efg | 20.36±0.54abcd | 10.03±0.44ab | 54.70±3.41abcd | 31.20±2.33bcd |
| 挑战者Challenger | 37.56±2.40ab | 17.88±0.06def | 9.76±0.72bcd | 51.12±3.56cde | 27.79±1.19defg |
| 定燕2号Dingyan No.2 | 37.64±0.39ab | 17.60±0.74defg | 9.60±0.48bcde | 46.34±2.30e | 24.75±1.45gh |
品种 Variety | 干物质 DM (%FW) | 水溶性碳水化合物 WSC (%DM) | 中性洗涤纤维 NDF (%DM) | 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF (%DM) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 优牧1号Youmu No.1 | 32.42±0.63defg | 3.23±0.32b | 53.87±2.19e | 30.99±1.51hi |
| 英迪米特Indimite | 28.12±0.73i | 1.10±0.11gh | 66.37±2.41a | 39.51±1.24ab |
| 泰克Taike | 30.57±1.19gh | 1.82±0.28e | 56.11±3.77de | 33.19±2.20efgh |
| 陇燕5号Longyan No.5 | 32.93±1.20cdef | 1.57±0.23ef | 63.12±3.21ab | 37.50±1.50bcd |
| 悍马Hanma | 31.45±1.42fg | 2.20±0.30d | 62.09±1.59abc | 35.83±1.42cdef |
| 前锋Qianfeng | 38.96±1.01a | 3.66±0.43a | 49.79±1.37f | 29.11±0.91i |
| 甜燕2+Tianyan 2+ | 28.54±1.07hi | 1.42±0.16fg | 64.13±0.87ab | 37.78±1.09abcd |
| 高燕17 Gaoyan 17 | 32.00±1.34defg | 1.54±0.26ef | 63.92±2.76ab | 37.43±2.32bcd |
| 陇燕4号Longyan No.4 | 29.08±0.69hi | 1.05±0.10gh | 66.04±2.39a | 40.97±2.22a |
| 白燕7号Baiyan No.7 | 33.05±0.88cdef | 0.84±0.06h | 59.76±1.33bcd | 35.53±0.71cdef |
| 陇燕3号Longyan No.3 | 34.13±1.52bcd | 1.32±0.21fg | 62.92±3.06ab | 37.55±2.55bcd |
| 歌莉娅Gloria | 33.07±1.73cdef | 2.81±0.33c | 59.82±2.25bcd | 36.08±1.88cde |
| 青海甜燕麦Qinghai sweet oat | 33.99±0.83bcde | 1.27±0.18fg | 58.11±2.40cd | 32.46±1.48gh |
| 高燕16 Gaoyan 16 | 32.30±1.02defg | 1.37±0.04fg | 65.70±3.27a | 38.25±1.53abc |
| 青引1号 Qingyin No.1 | 35.51±4.05ab | 1.60±0.21ef | 58.30±4.58cd | 33.33±3.76efgh |
| 甜燕75 Tianyan 75 | 31.74±0.91efg | 1.85±0.23e | 63.02±3.93ab | 35.00±1.98defg |
| 挑战者Challenger | 33.42±0.90bcdef | 2.30±0.31d | 60.18±2.96bcd | 34.00±1.51efgh |
| 定燕2号Dingyan No.2 | 35.03±0.51bc | 2.37±0.23d | 57.69±1.82cde | 32.83±1.67fgh |
表4 不同燕麦品种青贮饲料营养组分比较
Table 4 Comparison of nutritional components in silage of different oat varieties
品种 Variety | 干物质 DM (%FW) | 水溶性碳水化合物 WSC (%DM) | 中性洗涤纤维 NDF (%DM) | 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF (%DM) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 优牧1号Youmu No.1 | 32.42±0.63defg | 3.23±0.32b | 53.87±2.19e | 30.99±1.51hi |
| 英迪米特Indimite | 28.12±0.73i | 1.10±0.11gh | 66.37±2.41a | 39.51±1.24ab |
| 泰克Taike | 30.57±1.19gh | 1.82±0.28e | 56.11±3.77de | 33.19±2.20efgh |
| 陇燕5号Longyan No.5 | 32.93±1.20cdef | 1.57±0.23ef | 63.12±3.21ab | 37.50±1.50bcd |
| 悍马Hanma | 31.45±1.42fg | 2.20±0.30d | 62.09±1.59abc | 35.83±1.42cdef |
| 前锋Qianfeng | 38.96±1.01a | 3.66±0.43a | 49.79±1.37f | 29.11±0.91i |
| 甜燕2+Tianyan 2+ | 28.54±1.07hi | 1.42±0.16fg | 64.13±0.87ab | 37.78±1.09abcd |
| 高燕17 Gaoyan 17 | 32.00±1.34defg | 1.54±0.26ef | 63.92±2.76ab | 37.43±2.32bcd |
| 陇燕4号Longyan No.4 | 29.08±0.69hi | 1.05±0.10gh | 66.04±2.39a | 40.97±2.22a |
| 白燕7号Baiyan No.7 | 33.05±0.88cdef | 0.84±0.06h | 59.76±1.33bcd | 35.53±0.71cdef |
| 陇燕3号Longyan No.3 | 34.13±1.52bcd | 1.32±0.21fg | 62.92±3.06ab | 37.55±2.55bcd |
| 歌莉娅Gloria | 33.07±1.73cdef | 2.81±0.33c | 59.82±2.25bcd | 36.08±1.88cde |
| 青海甜燕麦Qinghai sweet oat | 33.99±0.83bcde | 1.27±0.18fg | 58.11±2.40cd | 32.46±1.48gh |
| 高燕16 Gaoyan 16 | 32.30±1.02defg | 1.37±0.04fg | 65.70±3.27a | 38.25±1.53abc |
| 青引1号 Qingyin No.1 | 35.51±4.05ab | 1.60±0.21ef | 58.30±4.58cd | 33.33±3.76efgh |
| 甜燕75 Tianyan 75 | 31.74±0.91efg | 1.85±0.23e | 63.02±3.93ab | 35.00±1.98defg |
| 挑战者Challenger | 33.42±0.90bcdef | 2.30±0.31d | 60.18±2.96bcd | 34.00±1.51efgh |
| 定燕2号Dingyan No.2 | 35.03±0.51bc | 2.37±0.23d | 57.69±1.82cde | 32.83±1.67fgh |
| 品种Variety | pH | 乳酸LA (%DM) | 乙酸AA (%DM) | 乳乙比LA/AA | 丁酸BA (%DM) | 氨态氮AN (%TN) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 优牧1号Youmu No.1 | 4.02±0.08c | 6.77±0.36abc | 0.62±0.07d | 11.06±1.13ab | 1.07±0.21ab | 5.65±0.49bcde |
| 英迪米特Indimite | 4.59±0.39a | 4.84±1.88cdef | 0.80±0.55cd | 7.04±2.21bcd | 1.56±1.14a | 6.59±1.03ab |
| 泰克Taike | 4.18±0.10bc | 7.89±0.98a | 1.45±0.30abcd | 5.53±0.66bcd | 0.03±0.01c | 6.52±0.79ab |
| 陇燕5号Longyan No.5 | 4.14±0.02bc | 5.23±0.32bcdef | 0.63±0.09d | 8.39±0.98bcd | 0.05±0.05c | 5.69±0.95bcd |
| 悍马Hanma | 4.18±0.13bc | 4.11±2.83ef | 1.94±1.27ab | 4.08±4.04cd | 0.06±0.05c | 4.17±0.26g |
| 前锋Qianfeng | 4.09±0.08bc | 5.28±0.44bcdef | 0.68±0.25cd | 9.23±5.32abc | 0.61±0.46bc | 4.20±0.11g |
| 甜燕2+Tianyan 2+ | 4.01±0.04c | 7.82±0.97a | 1.71±0.78abc | 5.24±2.14bcd | 0.24±0.39c | 6.07±0.86bc |
| 高燕17 Gaoyan 17 | 4.08±0.10bc | 5.68±1.90bcde | 1.61±0.91abcd | 5.26±4.14bcd | 0.12±0.13c | 7.46±1.16a |
| 陇燕4号Longyan No.4 | 4.18±0.11bc | 6.00±1.10abcde | 0.92±0.18bcd | 6.61±1.29bcd | 0.55±0.57bc | 6.29±0.30bc |
| 白燕7号Baiyan No.7 | 4.14±0.05bc | 4.87±0.49cdef | 1.10±0.22bcd | 4.57±1.10cd | 0.10±0.11c | 4.25±0.54fg |
| 陇燕3号Longyan No.3 | 4.23±0.09bc | 6.04±1.04abcde | 0.75±0.24cd | 8.59±3.02bcd | 0.06±0.07c | 4.20±0.72g |
| 歌莉娅Gloria | 4.29±0.07b | 5.30±0.69bcdef | 1.00±0.19bcd | 5.50±1.50bcd | 0.54±0.60bc | 6.04±0.89bc |
| 青海甜燕麦Qinghai sweet oat | 4.14±0.21bc | 3.35±1.47f | 2.13±1.33a | 2.87±3.29d | 0.30±0.55c | 5.23±0.78cdefg |
| 高燕16 Gaoyan 16 | 4.27±0.08b | 4.55±1.56def | 1.47±0.91abcd | 4.45±3.70cd | 0.18±0.17c | 5.31±0.53cdef |
| 青引1号Qingyin No.1 | 4.14±0.07bc | 5.38±0.55bcdef | 0.74±0.28cd | 7.77±1.88bcd | 0.15±0.24c | 4.61±0.33defg |
| 甜燕75 Tianyan 75 | 4.18±0.06bc | 7.18±1.56ab | 0.59±0.27d | 14.30±6.55a | 0.28±0.28c | 4.58±0.63efg |
| 挑战者Challenger | 4.17±0.04bc | 6.61±0.55abcd | 1.13±0.44abcd | 6.36±1.92bcd | 0.04±0.00c | 4.77±0.29defg |
| 定燕2号Dingyan No.2 | 4.25±0.03b | 6.44±0.66abcd | 0.88±0.65cd | 11.10±8.21ab | 0.16±0.30c | 5.51±0.24bcde |
表5 不同燕麦品种青贮饲料发酵特性比较
Table 5 The fermentation profiles of oat silages among varieties
| 品种Variety | pH | 乳酸LA (%DM) | 乙酸AA (%DM) | 乳乙比LA/AA | 丁酸BA (%DM) | 氨态氮AN (%TN) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 优牧1号Youmu No.1 | 4.02±0.08c | 6.77±0.36abc | 0.62±0.07d | 11.06±1.13ab | 1.07±0.21ab | 5.65±0.49bcde |
| 英迪米特Indimite | 4.59±0.39a | 4.84±1.88cdef | 0.80±0.55cd | 7.04±2.21bcd | 1.56±1.14a | 6.59±1.03ab |
| 泰克Taike | 4.18±0.10bc | 7.89±0.98a | 1.45±0.30abcd | 5.53±0.66bcd | 0.03±0.01c | 6.52±0.79ab |
| 陇燕5号Longyan No.5 | 4.14±0.02bc | 5.23±0.32bcdef | 0.63±0.09d | 8.39±0.98bcd | 0.05±0.05c | 5.69±0.95bcd |
| 悍马Hanma | 4.18±0.13bc | 4.11±2.83ef | 1.94±1.27ab | 4.08±4.04cd | 0.06±0.05c | 4.17±0.26g |
| 前锋Qianfeng | 4.09±0.08bc | 5.28±0.44bcdef | 0.68±0.25cd | 9.23±5.32abc | 0.61±0.46bc | 4.20±0.11g |
| 甜燕2+Tianyan 2+ | 4.01±0.04c | 7.82±0.97a | 1.71±0.78abc | 5.24±2.14bcd | 0.24±0.39c | 6.07±0.86bc |
| 高燕17 Gaoyan 17 | 4.08±0.10bc | 5.68±1.90bcde | 1.61±0.91abcd | 5.26±4.14bcd | 0.12±0.13c | 7.46±1.16a |
| 陇燕4号Longyan No.4 | 4.18±0.11bc | 6.00±1.10abcde | 0.92±0.18bcd | 6.61±1.29bcd | 0.55±0.57bc | 6.29±0.30bc |
| 白燕7号Baiyan No.7 | 4.14±0.05bc | 4.87±0.49cdef | 1.10±0.22bcd | 4.57±1.10cd | 0.10±0.11c | 4.25±0.54fg |
| 陇燕3号Longyan No.3 | 4.23±0.09bc | 6.04±1.04abcde | 0.75±0.24cd | 8.59±3.02bcd | 0.06±0.07c | 4.20±0.72g |
| 歌莉娅Gloria | 4.29±0.07b | 5.30±0.69bcdef | 1.00±0.19bcd | 5.50±1.50bcd | 0.54±0.60bc | 6.04±0.89bc |
| 青海甜燕麦Qinghai sweet oat | 4.14±0.21bc | 3.35±1.47f | 2.13±1.33a | 2.87±3.29d | 0.30±0.55c | 5.23±0.78cdefg |
| 高燕16 Gaoyan 16 | 4.27±0.08b | 4.55±1.56def | 1.47±0.91abcd | 4.45±3.70cd | 0.18±0.17c | 5.31±0.53cdef |
| 青引1号Qingyin No.1 | 4.14±0.07bc | 5.38±0.55bcdef | 0.74±0.28cd | 7.77±1.88bcd | 0.15±0.24c | 4.61±0.33defg |
| 甜燕75 Tianyan 75 | 4.18±0.06bc | 7.18±1.56ab | 0.59±0.27d | 14.30±6.55a | 0.28±0.28c | 4.58±0.63efg |
| 挑战者Challenger | 4.17±0.04bc | 6.61±0.55abcd | 1.13±0.44abcd | 6.36±1.92bcd | 0.04±0.00c | 4.77±0.29defg |
| 定燕2号Dingyan No.2 | 4.25±0.03b | 6.44±0.66abcd | 0.88±0.65cd | 11.10±8.21ab | 0.16±0.30c | 5.51±0.24bcde |
主成分 Principal component | 特征根 Eigenvalues | 方差贡献率 VCR (%) | 累计方差贡献率 Cumulative VCR (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.558 | 42.755 | 42.755 |
| 2 | 1.926 | 14.815 | 57.570 |
| 3 | 1.815 | 13.963 | 71.533 |
| 4 | 1.464 | 11.259 | 82.792 |
表6 燕麦指标的主成分特征根及方差贡献率
Table 6 Principal component eigenvalues and variance contribution rates (VCR) of oat indicators
主成分 Principal component | 特征根 Eigenvalues | 方差贡献率 VCR (%) | 累计方差贡献率 Cumulative VCR (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.558 | 42.755 | 42.755 |
| 2 | 1.926 | 14.815 | 57.570 |
| 3 | 1.815 | 13.963 | 71.533 |
| 4 | 1.464 | 11.259 | 82.792 |
评价指标 Evaluation indicator | 主成分Principal component | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PC1 | PC2 | PC3 | PC4 | |
| 干草产量Hay yield | 0.102 | 0.764 | 0.357 | 0.026 |
| 叶茎比Leaf-stem ratio | 0.071 | -0.649 | 0.425 | -0.023 |
| 干物质Dry matter | 0.767 | 0.033 | -0.436 | -0.285 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 0.960 | -0.175 | 0.083 | -0.051 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 0.974 | -0.039 | 0.014 | -0.027 |
| 水溶性碳水化合物WSC | 0.771 | -0.181 | 0.277 | -0.073 |
| 粗蛋白Crude protein | 0.541 | 0.635 | 0.278 | 0.175 |
| 相对饲喂价值RFV | 0.971 | -0.145 | 0.079 | -0.068 |
| 饲草分级指数FGI | 0.927 | 0.141 | 0.189 | 0.060 |
| 酸碱度pH | 0.412 | -0.505 | -0.418 | 0.569 |
| 乳酸Lactic acid | 0.112 | 0.052 | 0.397 | 0.813 |
| 丁酸Butyric acid | 0.109 | 0.269 | -0.712 | 0.529 |
| 氨态氮AN | 0.448 | 0.286 | -0.524 | -0.263 |
表7 基于主成分分析的燕麦各指标因子载荷
Table 7 Factor loadings of various indicators of oats based on principal component analysis
评价指标 Evaluation indicator | 主成分Principal component | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PC1 | PC2 | PC3 | PC4 | |
| 干草产量Hay yield | 0.102 | 0.764 | 0.357 | 0.026 |
| 叶茎比Leaf-stem ratio | 0.071 | -0.649 | 0.425 | -0.023 |
| 干物质Dry matter | 0.767 | 0.033 | -0.436 | -0.285 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 0.960 | -0.175 | 0.083 | -0.051 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 0.974 | -0.039 | 0.014 | -0.027 |
| 水溶性碳水化合物WSC | 0.771 | -0.181 | 0.277 | -0.073 |
| 粗蛋白Crude protein | 0.541 | 0.635 | 0.278 | 0.175 |
| 相对饲喂价值RFV | 0.971 | -0.145 | 0.079 | -0.068 |
| 饲草分级指数FGI | 0.927 | 0.141 | 0.189 | 0.060 |
| 酸碱度pH | 0.412 | -0.505 | -0.418 | 0.569 |
| 乳酸Lactic acid | 0.112 | 0.052 | 0.397 | 0.813 |
| 丁酸Butyric acid | 0.109 | 0.269 | -0.712 | 0.529 |
| 氨态氮AN | 0.448 | 0.286 | -0.524 | -0.263 |
品种 Varieties | 主成分分析PCA | 灰色关联度GRA | TOPSIS | 平均Average | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CS | R | GRG | R | RFD | R | 得分Score | R | |
| 前锋Qianfeng | 2.50269 | 1 | 0.96211 | 14 | 0.54498 | 3 | 1.33659 | 1 |
| 泰克Taike | 2.02336 | 2 | 0.99227 | 1 | 0.50101 | 4 | 1.17221 | 2 |
| 优牧1号Youmu No.1 | 1.38214 | 3 | 0.94956 | 17 | 0.72322 | 1 | 1.01831 | 3 |
| 定燕2号Dingyan No.2 | 1.12181 | 4 | 0.97959 | 8 | 0.38780 | 8 | 0.82973 | 4 |
| 甜燕75 Tianyan 75 | 0.77354 | 5 | 0.97221 | 11 | 0.36398 | 10 | 0.70325 | 5 |
| 挑战者Challenger | 0.72856 | 6 | 0.99077 | 2 | 0.38676 | 9 | 0.70203 | 7 |
| 青引1号Qingyin No.1 | 0.68614 | 7 | 0.98086 | 7 | 0.43971 | 6 | 0.70224 | 6 |
| 歌莉娅Gloria | 0.02381 | 8 | 0.95923 | 15 | 0.56195 | 2 | 0.51500 | 8 |
| 悍马Hanma | -0.07294 | 9 | 0.98712 | 3 | 0.34453 | 11 | 0.41957 | 9 |
| 青海甜燕麦Qinghai sweet oat | -0.14810 | 10 | 0.96868 | 13 | 0.43092 | 7 | 0.41717 | 10 |
| 白燕7号Baiyan No.7 | -0.39070 | 11 | 0.98195 | 6 | 0.31968 | 12 | 0.30365 | 11 |
| 陇燕3号Longyan No.3 | -0.54000 | 12 | 0.98532 | 4 | 0.26849 | 13 | 0.23794 | 12 |
| 高燕17 Gaoyan 17 | -0.93558 | 13 | 0.97741 | 9 | 0.20602 | 17 | 0.08261 | 13 |
| 高燕16 Gaoyan 16 | -0.98018 | 14 | 0.97431 | 10 | 0.21447 | 16 | 0.06953 | 14 |
| 陇燕5号Longyan No.5 | -1.19144 | 15 | 0.98429 | 5 | 0.22832 | 14 | 0.00706 | 15 |
| 甜燕2+Tianyan 2+ | -1.20344 | 16 | 0.96989 | 12 | 0.22494 | 15 | -0.00287 | 16 |
| 英迪米特Indimite | -1.62560 | 17 | 0.93270 | 18 | 0.15262 | 18 | -0.18009 | 17 |
| 陇燕4号Longyan No.4 | -2.15407 | 18 | 0.95447 | 16 | 0.46878 | 5 | -0.24361 | 18 |
表8 基于3种评价方法的综合排名
Table 8 Comprehensive ranking based on three evaluation methods
品种 Varieties | 主成分分析PCA | 灰色关联度GRA | TOPSIS | 平均Average | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CS | R | GRG | R | RFD | R | 得分Score | R | |
| 前锋Qianfeng | 2.50269 | 1 | 0.96211 | 14 | 0.54498 | 3 | 1.33659 | 1 |
| 泰克Taike | 2.02336 | 2 | 0.99227 | 1 | 0.50101 | 4 | 1.17221 | 2 |
| 优牧1号Youmu No.1 | 1.38214 | 3 | 0.94956 | 17 | 0.72322 | 1 | 1.01831 | 3 |
| 定燕2号Dingyan No.2 | 1.12181 | 4 | 0.97959 | 8 | 0.38780 | 8 | 0.82973 | 4 |
| 甜燕75 Tianyan 75 | 0.77354 | 5 | 0.97221 | 11 | 0.36398 | 10 | 0.70325 | 5 |
| 挑战者Challenger | 0.72856 | 6 | 0.99077 | 2 | 0.38676 | 9 | 0.70203 | 7 |
| 青引1号Qingyin No.1 | 0.68614 | 7 | 0.98086 | 7 | 0.43971 | 6 | 0.70224 | 6 |
| 歌莉娅Gloria | 0.02381 | 8 | 0.95923 | 15 | 0.56195 | 2 | 0.51500 | 8 |
| 悍马Hanma | -0.07294 | 9 | 0.98712 | 3 | 0.34453 | 11 | 0.41957 | 9 |
| 青海甜燕麦Qinghai sweet oat | -0.14810 | 10 | 0.96868 | 13 | 0.43092 | 7 | 0.41717 | 10 |
| 白燕7号Baiyan No.7 | -0.39070 | 11 | 0.98195 | 6 | 0.31968 | 12 | 0.30365 | 11 |
| 陇燕3号Longyan No.3 | -0.54000 | 12 | 0.98532 | 4 | 0.26849 | 13 | 0.23794 | 12 |
| 高燕17 Gaoyan 17 | -0.93558 | 13 | 0.97741 | 9 | 0.20602 | 17 | 0.08261 | 13 |
| 高燕16 Gaoyan 16 | -0.98018 | 14 | 0.97431 | 10 | 0.21447 | 16 | 0.06953 | 14 |
| 陇燕5号Longyan No.5 | -1.19144 | 15 | 0.98429 | 5 | 0.22832 | 14 | 0.00706 | 15 |
| 甜燕2+Tianyan 2+ | -1.20344 | 16 | 0.96989 | 12 | 0.22494 | 15 | -0.00287 | 16 |
| 英迪米特Indimite | -1.62560 | 17 | 0.93270 | 18 | 0.15262 | 18 | -0.18009 | 17 |
| 陇燕4号Longyan No.4 | -2.15407 | 18 | 0.95447 | 16 | 0.46878 | 5 | -0.24361 | 18 |
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