草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 108-121.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025300
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
收稿日期:2025-07-17
修回日期:2025-09-15
出版日期:2026-06-20
发布日期:2026-04-13
通讯作者:
黄帅
作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: shuaihuang010@nxu.edu.cn基金资助:
Tao WANG(
), Jing LI, Qiang LU, Wen-can KE, Shuai HUANG(
)
Received:2025-07-17
Revised:2025-09-15
Online:2026-06-20
Published:2026-04-13
Contact:
Shuai HUANG
摘要:
本试验旨在研究蒲公英黄酮(total flavonoids)和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)对燕麦青贮品质、抗氧化活性、有氧稳定性及微生物群落结构的影响。设置以下处理:1)对照组(CK);2)蒲公英黄酮添加组(FT);3)枯草芽孢杆菌添加组(BS);4)FT和BS联用组(FT+BS)。常温青贮60 d后测定燕麦青贮品质、抗氧化活性、有氧稳定性及微生物群落结构。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,添加剂组pH、丙酸(PA)含量、氨态氮/总氮(NH3-N/TN)、酵母菌(yeast)数量、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量与干物质(DM)损失均显著降低(P<0.05),其中FT+BS组pH与NH3-N/TN均显著低于BS组(P<0.05),且FT+BS组乳酸(LA)含量与乳酸菌(LAB)数量均显著高于CK组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,FT组与FT+BS组类黄酮含量、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及抗氧化酶活性均显著升高(P<0.05)。FT+BS组有氧稳定性显著高于其他3组(P<0.05)。2)BS组与FT+BS组厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)绝对丰度均显著高于CK组和FT组(P<0.05);FT组肠球菌属(Enterococcus)绝对丰度显著高于BS组和FT+BS组(P<0.05),FT+BS组促生乳杆菌属(Levilactobacillus)绝对丰度显著高于FT组与BS组(P<0.05);添加剂组LAB绝对丰度之和均显著高于鲜样组与CK组(P<0.05)。综上,FT和BS有助于提高燕麦青贮品质、抗氧化活性和有氧稳定性,同时促进微生物群落结构向有利于青贮发酵的方向转变。综合考虑,FT和BS联用对燕麦青贮质量的改善效果最佳。
王涛, 李静, 卢强, 柯文灿, 黄帅. 蒲公英黄酮和枯草芽孢杆菌对燕麦青贮品质、抗氧化活性及微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(6): 108-121.
Tao WANG, Jing LI, Qiang LU, Wen-can KE, Shuai HUANG. Effects of flavonoids from Taraxacum mongolicum and of Bacillus subtilis addition on fermentation quality, antioxidant activity, and aerobic stability of Avena sativa silage[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(6): 108-121.
项目 Item | 处理Treatment | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | FT | BS | FT+BS | |
| pH | 5.08±0.03a | 4.69±0.01c | 4.85±0.06b | 4.57±0.01c |
| 乳酸Lactic acid (LA, g·kg-1 FW) | 0.25±0.03c | 0.94±0.04b | 0.52±0.16c | 1.68±0.18a |
| 乙酸Acetic acid (AA, g·kg-1 FW) | 0.55±0.06ab | 0.26±0.01b | 0.78±0.08a | 0.62±0.16a |
| 丙酸Propionic acid (PA, g·kg-1 FW) | 0.41±0.05a | 0.20±0.03b | 0.17±0.04b | 0.21±0.03b |
| 丁酸Butyric acid (BA, g·kg-1 FW) | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| 氨态氮/总氮Ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen (NH3-N/TN, %) | 5.94±0.13a | 4.98±0.14bc | 5.00±0.05b | 4.80±0.03c |
| 乳酸菌Lactic acid bacteria (lg cfu·g-1 FW) | 8.26±0.03b | 8.35±0.02ab | 8.37±0.03a | 8.42±0.03a |
| 酵母菌Yeast (lg cfu·g-1 FW) | 6.94±0.11a | 5.08±0.08c | 5.05±0.16c | 5.58±0.12b |
| 霉菌Mold (lg cfu·g-1 FW) | ND | ND | ND | ND |
表1 蒲公英黄酮和枯草芽孢杆菌对燕麦青贮发酵品质的影响
Table 1 Effect of total flavonoids from T. mongolicum and B. subtilis on fermentation and microbial quantities of A. sativa silage
项目 Item | 处理Treatment | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | FT | BS | FT+BS | |
| pH | 5.08±0.03a | 4.69±0.01c | 4.85±0.06b | 4.57±0.01c |
| 乳酸Lactic acid (LA, g·kg-1 FW) | 0.25±0.03c | 0.94±0.04b | 0.52±0.16c | 1.68±0.18a |
| 乙酸Acetic acid (AA, g·kg-1 FW) | 0.55±0.06ab | 0.26±0.01b | 0.78±0.08a | 0.62±0.16a |
| 丙酸Propionic acid (PA, g·kg-1 FW) | 0.41±0.05a | 0.20±0.03b | 0.17±0.04b | 0.21±0.03b |
| 丁酸Butyric acid (BA, g·kg-1 FW) | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| 氨态氮/总氮Ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen (NH3-N/TN, %) | 5.94±0.13a | 4.98±0.14bc | 5.00±0.05b | 4.80±0.03c |
| 乳酸菌Lactic acid bacteria (lg cfu·g-1 FW) | 8.26±0.03b | 8.35±0.02ab | 8.37±0.03a | 8.42±0.03a |
| 酵母菌Yeast (lg cfu·g-1 FW) | 6.94±0.11a | 5.08±0.08c | 5.05±0.16c | 5.58±0.12b |
| 霉菌Mold (lg cfu·g-1 FW) | ND | ND | ND | ND |
图1 蒲公英黄酮和枯草芽孢杆菌对燕麦青贮有氧稳定性的影响不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments at P<0.05 level. 下同The same below.
Fig.1 Effect of total flavonoids from T. mongolicum and B. subtilis on the aerobic stability of A. sativa silage
项目 Item | 处理Treatment | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | FT | BS | FT+BS | |
| 干物质Dry matter (DM, %) | 22.29±0.23c | 25.80±0.45a | 25.74±0.72ab | 26.29±0.69a |
| 干物质损失Dry matter loss (DM loss, %) | 18.34±0.44a | 7.49±0.26b | 7.33±0.14b | 6.29±0.14b |
| 粗蛋白Crude protein (CP, %DM) | 15.89±0.22a | 15.98±0.30a | 16.23±0.19a | 16.07±0.23a |
| 粗脂肪Ether extract (EE, %DM) | 5.20±0.18bc | 6.36±0.33a | 5.74±0.46ab | 4.68±0.10c |
| 可溶性碳水化合物 Water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC, %DM) | 1.05±0.17c | 1.67±0.20b | 3.91±0.43a | 0.74±0.10d |
| 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %DM) | 44.28±0.79a | 42.81±1.17b | 43.56±0.45b | 40.26±0.52c |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %DM) | 26.31±0.75a | 25.72±0.72ab | 23.87±0.67b | 22.30±0.34c |
表2 蒲公英黄酮和枯草芽孢杆菌对燕麦青贮营养品质的影响
Table 2 Effect of total flavonoids from T. mongolicum and B. subtilis on nutritional quality of A. sativa silage
项目 Item | 处理Treatment | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | FT | BS | FT+BS | |
| 干物质Dry matter (DM, %) | 22.29±0.23c | 25.80±0.45a | 25.74±0.72ab | 26.29±0.69a |
| 干物质损失Dry matter loss (DM loss, %) | 18.34±0.44a | 7.49±0.26b | 7.33±0.14b | 6.29±0.14b |
| 粗蛋白Crude protein (CP, %DM) | 15.89±0.22a | 15.98±0.30a | 16.23±0.19a | 16.07±0.23a |
| 粗脂肪Ether extract (EE, %DM) | 5.20±0.18bc | 6.36±0.33a | 5.74±0.46ab | 4.68±0.10c |
| 可溶性碳水化合物 Water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC, %DM) | 1.05±0.17c | 1.67±0.20b | 3.91±0.43a | 0.74±0.10d |
| 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %DM) | 44.28±0.79a | 42.81±1.17b | 43.56±0.45b | 40.26±0.52c |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %DM) | 26.31±0.75a | 25.72±0.72ab | 23.87±0.67b | 22.30±0.34c |
项目 Item | 处理Treatment | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | FT | BS | FT+BS | |
| 类黄酮含量 Flavonoids content (%DM) | 2.87±0.12b | 3.14±0.09a | 2.91±0.06b | 3.22±0.11a |
| 总抗氧化能力Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC, mmol·L-1) | 48.47±3.49c | 103.10±2.92a | 83.61±4.32b | 106.54±2.87a |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性Glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px, U·mL-1) | 694.80±31.40d | 1338.84±38.94b | 1063.67±32.31c | 1555.85±22.96a |
| 超氧化物歧化酶活性 Superoxide dismutase activity (SOD, U·mL-1) | 240.97±14.88c | 366.47±13.84a | 280.14±7.34b | 378.01±14.56a |
表3 蒲公英黄酮和枯草芽孢杆菌对燕麦青贮抗氧化活性的影响
Table 3 Effect of total flavonoids from T. mongolicum and B. subtilis on antioxidant properties of A. sativa silage
项目 Item | 处理Treatment | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | FT | BS | FT+BS | |
| 类黄酮含量 Flavonoids content (%DM) | 2.87±0.12b | 3.14±0.09a | 2.91±0.06b | 3.22±0.11a |
| 总抗氧化能力Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC, mmol·L-1) | 48.47±3.49c | 103.10±2.92a | 83.61±4.32b | 106.54±2.87a |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性Glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px, U·mL-1) | 694.80±31.40d | 1338.84±38.94b | 1063.67±32.31c | 1555.85±22.96a |
| 超氧化物歧化酶活性 Superoxide dismutase activity (SOD, U·mL-1) | 240.97±14.88c | 366.47±13.84a | 280.14±7.34b | 378.01±14.56a |
图3 蒲公英黄酮和枯草芽孢杆菌对燕麦青贮细菌微生物群落绝对丰度的影响(门水平)
Fig.3 Effects of total flavonoids from T. mongolicum and B. subtilis on the abundance of bacterial communities at the phylum level
图5 蒲公英黄酮和枯草芽孢杆菌对燕麦青贮细菌微生物群落绝对丰度的影响(属水平)
Fig.5 Effects of total flavonoids from T. mongolicum and B. subtilis on the absolute abundance of bacterial communities in A. sativa at the genus level
图6 蒲公英黄酮和枯草芽孢杆菌对燕麦青贮乳酸菌绝对丰度之和的影响(属水平)
Fig.6 Effects of total flavonoids from T. mongolicum and B. subtilis on the total absolute abundance of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in A. sativa silage at genus level
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