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草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (9): 180-197.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025377

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

混播比例和施氮模式对黄土高原紫花苜蓿-无芒雀麦混播草地产量和水氮利用效率的影响

李慧婷1,2(), 李中利1,2, 水清明3, 蒋丛泽1,2, 魏恺全1,2, 杨宪龙1,2()   

  1. 1.兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃 兰州 730020
    2.兰州大学草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730020
    3.定西市农业科学研究院,甘肃 定西 744300
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-16 修回日期:2025-11-12 出版日期:2026-09-20 发布日期:2026-07-27
  • 通讯作者: 杨宪龙
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: yangxianl@lzu.edu.cn
    李慧婷(2002-),女,黑龙江黑河人,在读硕士。E-mail: liht2024@lzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家牧草产业技术体系(CARS-34)

Effects of grass-legume sowing ratio and nitrogen application mode on yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency of alfalfa-Bromus inermis mixed stands on the Loess Plateau

Hui-ting LI1,2(), Zhong-li LI1,2, Qing-ming SHUI3, Cong-ze JIANG1,2, Kai-quan WEI1,2, Xian-long YANG1,2()   

  1. 1.College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China
    3.Academy of Agricultural Science in Dingxi,Dingxi 744300,China
  • Received:2025-09-16 Revised:2025-11-12 Online:2026-09-20 Published:2026-07-27
  • Contact: Xian-long YANG

摘要:

为确定陇中黄土高原半干旱区紫花苜蓿-无芒雀麦适宜的混播比例及施氮模式,以紫花苜蓿单播(A10S0)和无芒雀麦单播(A0S10)为对照,设置3∶7(A3S7)、5∶5(A5S5)、7∶3(A7S3)3个混播比例,同时在每种混播比例下设置4种施氮模式:不施氮肥(U0)、普通尿素施氮100 kg N·hm-2(U100)、普通尿素施氮50 kg N·hm-2+有机肥3.75 t·hm-2(U50+OF)、缓释尿素施氮50 kg N·hm-2(CU50),对建植第2年的混播草地进行产量、水氮利用和种间竞争的研究。结果表明:与单播模式相比,混播模式更具产量优势,A3S7、A5S5、A7S3的干草产量较A0S10分别显著提高44.2%、35.4%、43.8%,A3S7、A7S3的干草产量较A10S0分别显著提高19.4%、19.0%。A3S7、A5S5、A7S3、A10S0的粗蛋白产量较A0S10分别显著增加69.1%、54.6%、68.9%、56.8%。混播处理干物质水分利用效率及氮肥偏生产力均显著高于A0S10处理,A3S7、A5S5、A7S3的干物质水分利用效率较A0S10分别显著提高58.3%、44.9%、55.5%。CU50的氮肥偏生产力较U100、U50+OF处理分别显著提高86.6%、97.8%。各处理土地当量比、紫花苜蓿竞争率、紫花苜蓿相对产量、相对产量总值均大于1,U100下紫花苜蓿竞争率、紫花苜蓿相对产量显著高于其他施氮处理,U100下土地当量比、相对产量总值显著高于U0、CU50。雷达图综合分析结果表明,在陇中黄土高原半干旱区,A7S3-U100处理下的综合表现最好,适宜在该地区推广种植。本研究通过系统探究豆禾混播比例与施氮模式的生产效应,为陇中黄土高原半干旱区的饲草高效栽培提供了技术支撑。

关键词: 黄土高原, 豆禾混播, 施氮模式, 产量, 水氮利用, 种间竞争

Abstract:

To determine the ideal mixed sowing ratio and nitrogen application mode for alfalfa (Medicago sativa)-Bromus inermis stands in the semi-arid area of the Loess Plateau in central Gansu, alfalfa monoculture (A10S0) and B. inermis monoculture (A0S10) plots were used as the control, and three mixed sowing ratios of 3∶7 (A3S7), 5∶5 (A5S5), and 7∶3 (A7S3) were set up. Four nitrogen application modes were also set up under each mixed sowing ratio: no nitrogen fertilizer (U0), standard urea nitrogen application of 100 kg N·ha-1 (U100), standard urea nitrogen application of 50 kg N·ha-1+organic fertilizer 3.75 t·ha-1 (U50+OF), and slow-release urea nitrogen application of 50 kg N·ha-1 (CU50). The yield, water and nitrogen utilization and interspecific competition of the mixed stands in the second year of planting were observed and analyzed. It was found that compared with the two monocultures, mixed sowing had several yield advantages. The hay yields of A3S7, A5S5 and A7S3 were, respectively, 44.2%, 35.4% and 43.8% higher (P<0.05) than that of A0S10. A3S7 and A7S3 were, respectively, 19.4% and 19.0% higher (P<0.05) than that of A10S0. The crude protein yields of A3S7, A5S5, A7S3 and A10S0 were, respectively, 69.1%, 54.6%, 68.9% and 56.8% higher (P<0.05) than that of A0S10. The dry matter water use efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity of mixed sowing treatments were significantly higher than those of monocultures. The dry matter water use efficiency of A3S7, A5S5 and A7S3 was, respectively, 58.3%, 44.9% and 55.5% higher (P<0.05) than that of A0S10. The partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer in CU50 was significantly increased (P<0.05) by 86.6% and 97.8%, respectively, compared with U100 and U50+OF. The land equivalent ratio, alfalfa competition rate, alfalfa relative yield and total relative yield of each mixed sowing treatment were all greater than 1. The alfalfa competition rate and relative yield of U100 were significantly higher than those of A0S10 treatment. The land equivalent ratio and total relative yield of U100 were significantly higher than those of U0 and CU50. Multi-trait radar map result analysis showed that the overall performance of the A7S3-U100 treatment performed best in this experiment, and was therefore the recommended planting regime in the Longzhong semi-arid area of the Loess Plateau in central Gansu. This study systematically explored the production of different legume-grass mixed sowing ratios and nitrogen application modes, thereby providing technical support for efficient forage cultivation in this region.

Key words: the Loess Plateau, legume-grass mixtures, nitrogen application mode, yield, water and nitrogen utilization, interspecific competition