草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (9): 180-197.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025377
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
李慧婷1,2(
), 李中利1,2, 水清明3, 蒋丛泽1,2, 魏恺全1,2, 杨宪龙1,2(
)
收稿日期:2025-09-16
修回日期:2025-11-12
出版日期:2026-09-20
发布日期:2026-07-27
通讯作者:
杨宪龙
作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: yangxianl@lzu.edu.cn基金资助:
Hui-ting LI1,2(
), Zhong-li LI1,2, Qing-ming SHUI3, Cong-ze JIANG1,2, Kai-quan WEI1,2, Xian-long YANG1,2(
)
Received:2025-09-16
Revised:2025-11-12
Online:2026-09-20
Published:2026-07-27
Contact:
Xian-long YANG
摘要:
为确定陇中黄土高原半干旱区紫花苜蓿-无芒雀麦适宜的混播比例及施氮模式,以紫花苜蓿单播(A10S0)和无芒雀麦单播(A0S10)为对照,设置3∶7(A3S7)、5∶5(A5S5)、7∶3(A7S3)3个混播比例,同时在每种混播比例下设置4种施氮模式:不施氮肥(U0)、普通尿素施氮100 kg N·hm-2(U100)、普通尿素施氮50 kg N·hm-2+有机肥3.75 t·hm-2(U50+OF)、缓释尿素施氮50 kg N·hm-2(CU50),对建植第2年的混播草地进行产量、水氮利用和种间竞争的研究。结果表明:与单播模式相比,混播模式更具产量优势,A3S7、A5S5、A7S3的干草产量较A0S10分别显著提高44.2%、35.4%、43.8%,A3S7、A7S3的干草产量较A10S0分别显著提高19.4%、19.0%。A3S7、A5S5、A7S3、A10S0的粗蛋白产量较A0S10分别显著增加69.1%、54.6%、68.9%、56.8%。混播处理干物质水分利用效率及氮肥偏生产力均显著高于A0S10处理,A3S7、A5S5、A7S3的干物质水分利用效率较A0S10分别显著提高58.3%、44.9%、55.5%。CU50的氮肥偏生产力较U100、U50+OF处理分别显著提高86.6%、97.8%。各处理土地当量比、紫花苜蓿竞争率、紫花苜蓿相对产量、相对产量总值均大于1,U100下紫花苜蓿竞争率、紫花苜蓿相对产量显著高于其他施氮处理,U100下土地当量比、相对产量总值显著高于U0、CU50。雷达图综合分析结果表明,在陇中黄土高原半干旱区,A7S3-U100处理下的综合表现最好,适宜在该地区推广种植。本研究通过系统探究豆禾混播比例与施氮模式的生产效应,为陇中黄土高原半干旱区的饲草高效栽培提供了技术支撑。
李慧婷, 李中利, 水清明, 蒋丛泽, 魏恺全, 杨宪龙. 混播比例和施氮模式对黄土高原紫花苜蓿-无芒雀麦混播草地产量和水氮利用效率的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(9): 180-197.
Hui-ting LI, Zhong-li LI, Qing-ming SHUI, Cong-ze JIANG, Kai-quan WEI, Xian-long YANG. Effects of grass-legume sowing ratio and nitrogen application mode on yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency of alfalfa-Bromus inermis mixed stands on the Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(9): 180-197.
土层深度 Soil depth (cm) | 容重 Bulk density (g·cm-3) | 田间持水量 Field moisture capacity (%) | 全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg-1) | 硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg-1) | 速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg-1) | 有机质 Organic matter (g·kg-1) | pH |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0~20 | 1.6 | 14.6 | 0.5 | 8.6 | 79.3 | 19.3 | 7.4 | 7.9 |
表1 试验地0~20 cm土层土壤基本理化性质
Table 1 Basic physicochemical properties of 0-20 cm soil layer in the test plot
土层深度 Soil depth (cm) | 容重 Bulk density (g·cm-3) | 田间持水量 Field moisture capacity (%) | 全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg-1) | 硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg-1) | 速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg-1) | 有机质 Organic matter (g·kg-1) | pH |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0~20 | 1.6 | 14.6 | 0.5 | 8.6 | 79.3 | 19.3 | 7.4 | 7.9 |
混播比例 Mixed sowing ratios | 紫花苜蓿播种量 Alfalfa seeding rate (kg·hm-2) | 无芒雀麦播种量 B. inermis seeding rate (kg·hm-2) | 施氮模式 Nitrogen application modes | 处理代号 Code of treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10∶0 | 22.5 | 0.0 | 不施氮肥No nitrogen fertilizer | A10S0-U0 |
| 22.5 | 0.0 | 普通尿素100 kg N·hm-2 Common urea of 100 kg N·ha-1 | A10S0-U100 | |
| 22.5 | 0.0 | 普通尿素50 kg N·hm-2+有机肥3.75 t·hm-2 Common urea of 50 kg N·ha-1+organic fertilizer of 3.75 t·ha-1 | A10S0-U50+OF | |
| 22.5 | 0.0 | 缓释尿素50 kg N·hm-2 Slow-release urea of 50 kg N·ha-1 | A10S0-CU50 | |
| 0∶10 | 0.0 | 30.0 | 不施氮肥No nitrogen fertilizer | A0S10-U0 |
| 0.0 | 30.0 | 普通尿素100 kg N·hm-2 Common urea of 100 kg N·ha-1 | A0S10-U100 | |
| 0.0 | 30.0 | 普通尿素50 kg N·hm-2+有机肥3.75 t·hm-2 Common urea of 50 kg N·ha-1+organic fertilizer of 3.75 t·ha-1 | A0S10-U50+OF | |
| 0.0 | 30.0 | 缓释尿素50 kg N·hm-2 Slow-release urea of 50 kg N·ha-1 | A0S10-CU50 | |
| 3∶7 | 6.8 | 21.0 | 不施氮肥No nitrogen fertilizer | A3S7-U0 |
| 6.8 | 21.0 | 普通尿素100 kg N·hm-2 Common urea of 100 kg N·ha-1 | A3S7-U100 | |
| 6.8 | 21.0 | 普通尿素50 kg N·hm-2+有机肥3.75 t·hm-2 Common urea of 50 kg N·ha-1+organic fertilizer of 3.75 t·ha-1 | A3S7-U50+OF | |
| 6.8 | 21.0 | 缓释尿素50 kg N·hm-2 Slow-release urea of 50 kg N·ha-1 | A3S7-CU50 | |
| 5∶5 | 11.3 | 15.0 | 不施氮肥No nitrogen fertilizer | A5S5-U0 |
| 11.3 | 15.0 | 普通尿素100 kg N·hm-2 Common urea of 100 kg N·ha-1 | A5S5-U100 | |
| 11.3 | 15.0 | 普通尿素50 kg N·hm-2+有机肥3.75 t·hm-2 Common urea of 50 kg N·ha-1+organic fertilizer of 3.75 t·ha-1 | A5S5-U50+OF | |
| 11.3 | 15.0 | 缓释尿素50 kg N·hm-2 Slow-release urea of 50 kg N·ha-1 | A5S5-CU50 | |
| 7∶3 | 15.8 | 9.0 | 不施氮肥No nitrogen fertilizer | A7S3-U0 |
| 15.8 | 9.0 | 普通尿素100 kg N·hm-2 Common urea of 100 kg N·ha-1 | A7S3-U100 | |
| 15.8 | 9.0 | 普通尿素50 kg N·hm-2+有机肥3.75 t·hm-2 Common urea of 50 kg N·ha-1+organic fertilizer of 3.75 t·ha-1 | A7S3-U50+OF | |
| 15.8 | 9.0 | 缓释尿素50 kg N·hm-2 Slow-release urea of 50 kg N·ha-1 | A7S3-CU50 |
表2 试验处理
Table 2 Experiment treatments
混播比例 Mixed sowing ratios | 紫花苜蓿播种量 Alfalfa seeding rate (kg·hm-2) | 无芒雀麦播种量 B. inermis seeding rate (kg·hm-2) | 施氮模式 Nitrogen application modes | 处理代号 Code of treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10∶0 | 22.5 | 0.0 | 不施氮肥No nitrogen fertilizer | A10S0-U0 |
| 22.5 | 0.0 | 普通尿素100 kg N·hm-2 Common urea of 100 kg N·ha-1 | A10S0-U100 | |
| 22.5 | 0.0 | 普通尿素50 kg N·hm-2+有机肥3.75 t·hm-2 Common urea of 50 kg N·ha-1+organic fertilizer of 3.75 t·ha-1 | A10S0-U50+OF | |
| 22.5 | 0.0 | 缓释尿素50 kg N·hm-2 Slow-release urea of 50 kg N·ha-1 | A10S0-CU50 | |
| 0∶10 | 0.0 | 30.0 | 不施氮肥No nitrogen fertilizer | A0S10-U0 |
| 0.0 | 30.0 | 普通尿素100 kg N·hm-2 Common urea of 100 kg N·ha-1 | A0S10-U100 | |
| 0.0 | 30.0 | 普通尿素50 kg N·hm-2+有机肥3.75 t·hm-2 Common urea of 50 kg N·ha-1+organic fertilizer of 3.75 t·ha-1 | A0S10-U50+OF | |
| 0.0 | 30.0 | 缓释尿素50 kg N·hm-2 Slow-release urea of 50 kg N·ha-1 | A0S10-CU50 | |
| 3∶7 | 6.8 | 21.0 | 不施氮肥No nitrogen fertilizer | A3S7-U0 |
| 6.8 | 21.0 | 普通尿素100 kg N·hm-2 Common urea of 100 kg N·ha-1 | A3S7-U100 | |
| 6.8 | 21.0 | 普通尿素50 kg N·hm-2+有机肥3.75 t·hm-2 Common urea of 50 kg N·ha-1+organic fertilizer of 3.75 t·ha-1 | A3S7-U50+OF | |
| 6.8 | 21.0 | 缓释尿素50 kg N·hm-2 Slow-release urea of 50 kg N·ha-1 | A3S7-CU50 | |
| 5∶5 | 11.3 | 15.0 | 不施氮肥No nitrogen fertilizer | A5S5-U0 |
| 11.3 | 15.0 | 普通尿素100 kg N·hm-2 Common urea of 100 kg N·ha-1 | A5S5-U100 | |
| 11.3 | 15.0 | 普通尿素50 kg N·hm-2+有机肥3.75 t·hm-2 Common urea of 50 kg N·ha-1+organic fertilizer of 3.75 t·ha-1 | A5S5-U50+OF | |
| 11.3 | 15.0 | 缓释尿素50 kg N·hm-2 Slow-release urea of 50 kg N·ha-1 | A5S5-CU50 | |
| 7∶3 | 15.8 | 9.0 | 不施氮肥No nitrogen fertilizer | A7S3-U0 |
| 15.8 | 9.0 | 普通尿素100 kg N·hm-2 Common urea of 100 kg N·ha-1 | A7S3-U100 | |
| 15.8 | 9.0 | 普通尿素50 kg N·hm-2+有机肥3.75 t·hm-2 Common urea of 50 kg N·ha-1+organic fertilizer of 3.75 t·ha-1 | A7S3-U50+OF | |
| 15.8 | 9.0 | 缓释尿素50 kg N·hm-2 Slow-release urea of 50 kg N·ha-1 | A7S3-CU50 |
图2 不同混播比例及施氮模式对混播系统饲草产量的影响R: 混播比例Mixed sowing ratio; N: 施氮模式Nitrogen application mode; ***: P<0.001; ns: P>0.05. 不同大写字母表示不同施氮模式处理间差异显著,不同小写字母表示在混播比例处理间差异显著,下同。Different uppercase letters showed significant differences among different nitrogen application mode, and different lowercase letters showed significant differences among different mixed sowing ratio, the same below.
Fig.2 Effects of different mixed sowing ratios and nitrogen application modes on the yield of forage grass in mixed sowing system
图3 不同混播比例及施氮模式对混播系统饲草粗蛋白产量的影响*: P<0.05. 下同The same below.
Fig.3 Effects of different mixed sowing ratios and nitrogen application modes on the crude protein yield of forage grass in mixed sowing system
项目 Item | 处理 Treatments | 干物质采食量Dry matter intake (DMI) | 相对饲喂价值Relative feeding value (RFV) | 相对牧草质量Relative forage quality (RFQ) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
第1茬 The first cut | 第2茬 The second cut | 第3茬 The third cut | 平均 Average | 第1茬 The first cut | 第2茬 The second cut | 第3茬 The third cut | 平均 Average | 第1茬 The first cut | 第2茬 The second cut | 第3茬 The third cut | 平均 Average | ||
混播比例 Mixed sowing ratios (R) | A0S10 | 2.2±0.1d | 2.4±0.1b | 2.9±0.2b | 2.5±0.2c | 113.5±3.0d | 117.8±7.4b | 146.1±10.8b | 125.8±11.4c | 154.3±5.8d | 162.6±14.5b | 217.8±21.1b | 178.2±22.2c |
| A3S7 | 2.5±0.1c | 2.8±0.2a | 3.2±0.2ab | 2.8±0.2b | 136.8±7.2c | 145.0±10.1a | 181.8±14.3a | 154.5±15.7b | 199.6±14.0c | 215.7±19.8a | 287.4±27.9a | 234.2±30.7b | |
| A5S5 | 2.4±0.1c | 2.9±0.1a | 3.2±0.3ab | 2.8±0.3b | 130.0±6.1c | 148.4±9.4a | 180.1±18.1a | 152.8±17.1b | 186.4±12.0c | 222.3±18.3a | 284.2±35.2a | 231.0±33.4b | |
| A7S3 | 2.7±0.1b | 2.8±0.1a | 3.3±0.2a | 2.9±0.2b | 149.6±7.8b | 145.6±7.2a | 185.9±11.1a | 160.4±13.7b | 224.8±15.3b | 216.9±14.0a | 295.4±21.6a | 245.7±26.7b | |
| A10S0 | 3.4±0.1a | 2.9±0.1a | 3.4±0.2a | 3.2±0.2a | 192.9±7.7a | 153.3±8.2a | 192.4±13.5a | 179.5±14.7a | 309.1±15.1a | 232.0±16.0a | 308.2±26.3a | 283.1±28.8a | |
施氮模式 Nitrogen application modes (N) | U0 | 2.7±0.2A | 2.8±0.2A | 3.1±0.2A | 2.9±0.3A | 144.5±15.7A | 146.2±12.1A | 170.7±16.0A | 153.8±18.1A | 214.7±30.7A | 218.0±23.5A | 265.9±31.3A | 232.9±35.3A |
| U100 | 2.7±0.3A | 2.8±0.2A | 3.3±0.3A | 2.9±0.3A | 146.7±17.4A | 140.8±10.8A | 179.7±19.8A | 155.7±18.1A | 219.0±34.0A | 207.5±21.0A | 283.3±38.7A | 236.6±35.3A | |
| U50+OF | 2.6±0.2A | 2.7±0.1A | 3.2±0.2A | 2.8±0.2A | 143.2±14.7A | 140.9±8.8A | 177.9±13.9A | 154.0±16.1A | 212.2±28.8A | 207.7±17.1A | 279.9±0.2A | 233.3±31.5A | |
| CU50 | 2.7±0.3A | 2.7±0.2A | 3.3±0.2A | 2.9±0.3A | 143.9±20.3A | 140.2±11.5A | 180.7±15.5A | 154.9±18.9A | 213.5±39.6A | 206.3±22.5A | 285.3±0.2A | 235.0±36.8A | |
| R | *** | *** | * | *** | *** | * | *** | *** | *** | * | *** | *** | |
| N | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | |
| R×N | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | |
表3 不同混播比例及施氮模式下各处理的饲草干物质采食量、相对饲喂价值和相对牧草质量
Table 3 Dry matter intake, relative feeding value and relative forage quality under different mixed sowing ratios and nitrogen application modes treatments
项目 Item | 处理 Treatments | 干物质采食量Dry matter intake (DMI) | 相对饲喂价值Relative feeding value (RFV) | 相对牧草质量Relative forage quality (RFQ) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
第1茬 The first cut | 第2茬 The second cut | 第3茬 The third cut | 平均 Average | 第1茬 The first cut | 第2茬 The second cut | 第3茬 The third cut | 平均 Average | 第1茬 The first cut | 第2茬 The second cut | 第3茬 The third cut | 平均 Average | ||
混播比例 Mixed sowing ratios (R) | A0S10 | 2.2±0.1d | 2.4±0.1b | 2.9±0.2b | 2.5±0.2c | 113.5±3.0d | 117.8±7.4b | 146.1±10.8b | 125.8±11.4c | 154.3±5.8d | 162.6±14.5b | 217.8±21.1b | 178.2±22.2c |
| A3S7 | 2.5±0.1c | 2.8±0.2a | 3.2±0.2ab | 2.8±0.2b | 136.8±7.2c | 145.0±10.1a | 181.8±14.3a | 154.5±15.7b | 199.6±14.0c | 215.7±19.8a | 287.4±27.9a | 234.2±30.7b | |
| A5S5 | 2.4±0.1c | 2.9±0.1a | 3.2±0.3ab | 2.8±0.3b | 130.0±6.1c | 148.4±9.4a | 180.1±18.1a | 152.8±17.1b | 186.4±12.0c | 222.3±18.3a | 284.2±35.2a | 231.0±33.4b | |
| A7S3 | 2.7±0.1b | 2.8±0.1a | 3.3±0.2a | 2.9±0.2b | 149.6±7.8b | 145.6±7.2a | 185.9±11.1a | 160.4±13.7b | 224.8±15.3b | 216.9±14.0a | 295.4±21.6a | 245.7±26.7b | |
| A10S0 | 3.4±0.1a | 2.9±0.1a | 3.4±0.2a | 3.2±0.2a | 192.9±7.7a | 153.3±8.2a | 192.4±13.5a | 179.5±14.7a | 309.1±15.1a | 232.0±16.0a | 308.2±26.3a | 283.1±28.8a | |
施氮模式 Nitrogen application modes (N) | U0 | 2.7±0.2A | 2.8±0.2A | 3.1±0.2A | 2.9±0.3A | 144.5±15.7A | 146.2±12.1A | 170.7±16.0A | 153.8±18.1A | 214.7±30.7A | 218.0±23.5A | 265.9±31.3A | 232.9±35.3A |
| U100 | 2.7±0.3A | 2.8±0.2A | 3.3±0.3A | 2.9±0.3A | 146.7±17.4A | 140.8±10.8A | 179.7±19.8A | 155.7±18.1A | 219.0±34.0A | 207.5±21.0A | 283.3±38.7A | 236.6±35.3A | |
| U50+OF | 2.6±0.2A | 2.7±0.1A | 3.2±0.2A | 2.8±0.2A | 143.2±14.7A | 140.9±8.8A | 177.9±13.9A | 154.0±16.1A | 212.2±28.8A | 207.7±17.1A | 279.9±0.2A | 233.3±31.5A | |
| CU50 | 2.7±0.3A | 2.7±0.2A | 3.3±0.2A | 2.9±0.3A | 143.9±20.3A | 140.2±11.5A | 180.7±15.5A | 154.9±18.9A | 213.5±39.6A | 206.3±22.5A | 285.3±0.2A | 235.0±36.8A | |
| R | *** | *** | * | *** | *** | * | *** | *** | *** | * | *** | *** | |
| N | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | |
| R×N | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | |
图4 不同混播比例及施氮模式对混播系统饲草耗水量和干物质水分利用效率的影响
Fig.4 Effects of different mixed sowing ratios and nitrogen application modes on evapotranspiration and water use efficiency of dry matter of forage grass in mixed sowing system
图5 不同混播比例及施氮模式对混播系统饲草氮肥偏生产力的影响
Fig.5 Effects of different mixed sowing ratios and nitrogen application modes on nitrogen partial factor productivity of forage grass in mixed sowing system
项目 Item | 处理 Treatments | 土地当量比 Land equivalent ratio (LER) | 紫花苜蓿竞争率 Alfalfa competition rate (CRA) | 无芒雀麦竞争率 B. inermis competition rate (CRS) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
第1茬 The first cut | 第2茬 The second cut | 第3茬 The third cut | 平均 Average | 第1茬 The first cut | 第2茬 The second cut | 第3茬 The third cut | 平均 Average | 第1茬 The first cut | 第2茬 The second cut | 第三 茬The third cut | 平均 Average | ||
| 混播比例Mixed sowing ratios (R) | A3S7 | 1.2±0.1a | 1.7±0.1a | 1.3±0.2a | 1.4±0.1a | 1.4±0.2a | 2.7±0.5a | 2.2±0.5a | 2.0±0.3a | 1.1±0.3a | 0.7±0.2a | 0.6±0.1a | 0.8±0.3a |
| A5S5 | 1.2±0.1a | 1.5±0.1a | 1.3±0.1a | 1.3±0.1a | 1.6±0.4a | 3.7±0.3a | 3.2±0.7a | 2.2±0.3a | 1.1±0.2a | 0.8±0.2a | 0.4±0.1a | 0.8±0.1a | |
| A7S3 | 1.2±0.1a | 1.5±0.1a | 1.4±0.2a | 1.4±0.1a | 2.5±0.4a | 4.2±0.6a | 3.4±0.8a | 2.9±0.5a | 0.6±0.1a | 0.5±0.1a | 0.4±0.1a | 0.5±0.2a | |
施氮模式 Nitrogen application modes (N) | U0 | 1.2±0.1A | 1.5±0.1BC | 1.2±0.1AB | 1.3±0.1B | 2.1±0.5A | 1.7±0.3B | 2.1±0.3B | 2.0±0.3B | 0.7±0.2A | 0.8±0.2A | 0.6±0.1A | 0.7±0.1A |
| U100 | 1.3±0.1A | 1.9±0.1A | 1.7±0.3A | 1.6±0.1A | 1.9±0.4A | 3.9±0.8A | 4.8±0.3A | 3.5±0.7A | 0.7±0.1A | 0.4±0.1A | 0.3±0.1A | 0.5±0.1A | |
| U50+OF | 1.1±0.1A | 1.7±0.1AB | 1.3±0.1AB | 1.4±0.1AB | 1.7±0.5A | 1.5±0.2B | 2.3±0.3B | 1.8±0.2B | 1.0±0.2A | 1.0±0.3A | 0.5±0.1A | 0.8±0.2A | |
| CU50 | 1.1±0.1A | 1.2±0.1C | 1.1±0.1B | 1.1±0.1B | 1.5±0.4A | 2.0±0.3B | 2.6±0.4AB | 2.1±0.2B | 1.3±0.4 A | 0.6±0.1A | 0.5±0.1A | 0.8±0.1A | |
| R | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | |
| N | ns | ** | ns | * | ns | ** | ns | * | ns | ns | ns | ns | |
| R×N | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | |
表4 不同混播比例及施氮模式下各处理的土地当量比和竞争率
Table 4 Land equivalent ratio and competition rate under different mixed sowing ratios and nitrogen application modes treatments
项目 Item | 处理 Treatments | 土地当量比 Land equivalent ratio (LER) | 紫花苜蓿竞争率 Alfalfa competition rate (CRA) | 无芒雀麦竞争率 B. inermis competition rate (CRS) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
第1茬 The first cut | 第2茬 The second cut | 第3茬 The third cut | 平均 Average | 第1茬 The first cut | 第2茬 The second cut | 第3茬 The third cut | 平均 Average | 第1茬 The first cut | 第2茬 The second cut | 第三 茬The third cut | 平均 Average | ||
| 混播比例Mixed sowing ratios (R) | A3S7 | 1.2±0.1a | 1.7±0.1a | 1.3±0.2a | 1.4±0.1a | 1.4±0.2a | 2.7±0.5a | 2.2±0.5a | 2.0±0.3a | 1.1±0.3a | 0.7±0.2a | 0.6±0.1a | 0.8±0.3a |
| A5S5 | 1.2±0.1a | 1.5±0.1a | 1.3±0.1a | 1.3±0.1a | 1.6±0.4a | 3.7±0.3a | 3.2±0.7a | 2.2±0.3a | 1.1±0.2a | 0.8±0.2a | 0.4±0.1a | 0.8±0.1a | |
| A7S3 | 1.2±0.1a | 1.5±0.1a | 1.4±0.2a | 1.4±0.1a | 2.5±0.4a | 4.2±0.6a | 3.4±0.8a | 2.9±0.5a | 0.6±0.1a | 0.5±0.1a | 0.4±0.1a | 0.5±0.2a | |
施氮模式 Nitrogen application modes (N) | U0 | 1.2±0.1A | 1.5±0.1BC | 1.2±0.1AB | 1.3±0.1B | 2.1±0.5A | 1.7±0.3B | 2.1±0.3B | 2.0±0.3B | 0.7±0.2A | 0.8±0.2A | 0.6±0.1A | 0.7±0.1A |
| U100 | 1.3±0.1A | 1.9±0.1A | 1.7±0.3A | 1.6±0.1A | 1.9±0.4A | 3.9±0.8A | 4.8±0.3A | 3.5±0.7A | 0.7±0.1A | 0.4±0.1A | 0.3±0.1A | 0.5±0.1A | |
| U50+OF | 1.1±0.1A | 1.7±0.1AB | 1.3±0.1AB | 1.4±0.1AB | 1.7±0.5A | 1.5±0.2B | 2.3±0.3B | 1.8±0.2B | 1.0±0.2A | 1.0±0.3A | 0.5±0.1A | 0.8±0.2A | |
| CU50 | 1.1±0.1A | 1.2±0.1C | 1.1±0.1B | 1.1±0.1B | 1.5±0.4A | 2.0±0.3B | 2.6±0.4AB | 2.1±0.2B | 1.3±0.4 A | 0.6±0.1A | 0.5±0.1A | 0.8±0.1A | |
| R | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | |
| N | ns | ** | ns | * | ns | ** | ns | * | ns | ns | ns | ns | |
| R×N | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | |
项目 Item | 处理 Treatments | 紫花苜蓿相对产量 Alfalfa relative yield (RYA) | 无芒雀麦相对产量 B. inermis relative yield (RYS) | 相对产量总值 Total relative yield (RYT) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
第1茬 The first cut | 第2茬 The second cut | 第3茬 The third cut | 平均 Average | 第1茬 The first cut | 第2茬 The second cut | 第3茬 The third cut | 平均 Average | 第1茬 The first cut | 第2茬 The second cut | 第3茬 The third cut | 平均 Average | ||
| 混播比例Mixed sowing ratios (R) | A3S7 | 2.1±0.2a | 3.6±0.5a | 2.9±0.6a | 2.9±0.3a | 0.8±0.1b | 0.9±0.1b | 0.6±0.1b | 0.8±0.1b | 1.2±0.1a | 1.7±0.1a | 1.3±0.2a | 1.4±0.1a |
| A5S5 | 1.3±0.2b | 1.8±0.2b | 1.8±0.2ab | 1.6±0.1b | 1.0±0.1ab | 1.2±0.2ab | 0.7±0.1b | 1.0±0.1b | 1.2±0.1a | 1.5±0.1a | 1.3±0.1a | 1.3±0.1a | |
| A7S3 | 1.2±0.1b | 1.5±0.2b | 1.5±0.3b | 1.4±0.2b | 1.3±0.2a | 1.5±0.1a | 1.2±0.1a | 1.3±0.1a | 1.2±0.1a | 1.5±0.1a | 1.4±0.2a | 1.4±0.1a | |
| 施氮模式Nitrogen application modes (N) | U0 | 1.6±0.2AB | 1.9±0.2B | 1.8±0.3AB | 1.8±0.2B | 0.9±0.1A | 1.3±0.2AB | 0.9±0.1A | 1.1±0.1A | 1.2±0.1A | 1.5±0.1BC | 1.2±0.1AB | 1.3±0.1B |
| U100 | 1.7±0.2A | 3.3±0.7A | 3.0±0.8A | 2.7±0.5A | 1.1±0.2A | 0.9±0.1B | 0.7±0.1A | 0.9±0.1A | 1.3±0.1A | 1.9±0.1A | 1.7±0.1A | 1.6±0.1A | |
| U50+OF | 1.5±0.4AB | 2.2±0.4B | 1.9±0.2AB | 1.9±0.3B | 1.1±0.1A | 1.6±0.3A | 0.9±0.1A | 1.2±0.1A | 1.1±0.1A | 1.7±0.1AB | 1.3±0.1AB | 1.4±0.1AB | |
| CU50 | 1.3±0.2B | 1.8±0.3B | 1.6±0.2B | 1.6±0.2B | 1.1±0.2A | 1.0±0.2AB | 0.7±0.1A | 1.0±0.1A | 1.1±0.1A | 1.2±0.1C | 1.1±0.1B | 1.1±0.1B | |
| R | ** | *** | * | *** | * | * | *** | *** | ns | ns | ns | ns | |
| N | ns | ** | ns | ** | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ** | ns | * | |
| R×N | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | |
表5 不同混播比例及施氮模式下各处理的相对产量
Table 5 Relative yield under different mixed sowing ratios and nitrogen application modes treatments
项目 Item | 处理 Treatments | 紫花苜蓿相对产量 Alfalfa relative yield (RYA) | 无芒雀麦相对产量 B. inermis relative yield (RYS) | 相对产量总值 Total relative yield (RYT) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
第1茬 The first cut | 第2茬 The second cut | 第3茬 The third cut | 平均 Average | 第1茬 The first cut | 第2茬 The second cut | 第3茬 The third cut | 平均 Average | 第1茬 The first cut | 第2茬 The second cut | 第3茬 The third cut | 平均 Average | ||
| 混播比例Mixed sowing ratios (R) | A3S7 | 2.1±0.2a | 3.6±0.5a | 2.9±0.6a | 2.9±0.3a | 0.8±0.1b | 0.9±0.1b | 0.6±0.1b | 0.8±0.1b | 1.2±0.1a | 1.7±0.1a | 1.3±0.2a | 1.4±0.1a |
| A5S5 | 1.3±0.2b | 1.8±0.2b | 1.8±0.2ab | 1.6±0.1b | 1.0±0.1ab | 1.2±0.2ab | 0.7±0.1b | 1.0±0.1b | 1.2±0.1a | 1.5±0.1a | 1.3±0.1a | 1.3±0.1a | |
| A7S3 | 1.2±0.1b | 1.5±0.2b | 1.5±0.3b | 1.4±0.2b | 1.3±0.2a | 1.5±0.1a | 1.2±0.1a | 1.3±0.1a | 1.2±0.1a | 1.5±0.1a | 1.4±0.2a | 1.4±0.1a | |
| 施氮模式Nitrogen application modes (N) | U0 | 1.6±0.2AB | 1.9±0.2B | 1.8±0.3AB | 1.8±0.2B | 0.9±0.1A | 1.3±0.2AB | 0.9±0.1A | 1.1±0.1A | 1.2±0.1A | 1.5±0.1BC | 1.2±0.1AB | 1.3±0.1B |
| U100 | 1.7±0.2A | 3.3±0.7A | 3.0±0.8A | 2.7±0.5A | 1.1±0.2A | 0.9±0.1B | 0.7±0.1A | 0.9±0.1A | 1.3±0.1A | 1.9±0.1A | 1.7±0.1A | 1.6±0.1A | |
| U50+OF | 1.5±0.4AB | 2.2±0.4B | 1.9±0.2AB | 1.9±0.3B | 1.1±0.1A | 1.6±0.3A | 0.9±0.1A | 1.2±0.1A | 1.1±0.1A | 1.7±0.1AB | 1.3±0.1AB | 1.4±0.1AB | |
| CU50 | 1.3±0.2B | 1.8±0.3B | 1.6±0.2B | 1.6±0.2B | 1.1±0.2A | 1.0±0.2AB | 0.7±0.1A | 1.0±0.1A | 1.1±0.1A | 1.2±0.1C | 1.1±0.1B | 1.1±0.1B | |
| R | ** | *** | * | *** | * | * | *** | *** | ns | ns | ns | ns | |
| N | ns | ** | ns | ** | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ** | ns | * | |
| R×N | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | |
项目 Item | 处理 Treatments | 总产出 Total output (CNY·hm-2) | 种子投入 Seed input (CNY·hm-2) | 肥料投入 Fertilizer input (CNY·hm-2) | 劳动力投入 Labor input (CNY·hm-2) | 净利润 Net profit (CNY·hm-2) | 产投比 Input-output ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
混播比例 Mixed sowing ratios (R) | A0S10 | 21199.5±759.8b | 1600.0 | 6059.2 | 9722.3 | 3818.1±734.6b | 1.2±0.04b |
| A3S7 | 34928.4±1970.4a | 1759.0 | 6059.2 | 9722.3 | 17387.9±1990.7a | 2.0±0.1a | |
| A5S5 | 32963.6±1315.3a | 1865.1 | 6059.2 | 9722.3 | 15317.0±1390.8a | 1.9±0.1a | |
| A7S3 | 35575.7±2467.3a | 1971.1 | 6059.2 | 9722.3 | 17823.2±2477.6a | 2.0±0.1a | |
| A10S0 | 31304.9±1963.7a | 2130.2 | 6059.2 | 9722.3 | 13393.3±1939.0a | 1.8±0.1a | |
施氮模式 Nitrogen application modes (N) | U0 | 29609.2±2025.3A | 2331.4 | 5479.2 | 9722.3 | 12542.7±1997.6A | 1.7±0.1A |
| U100 | 33286.0±2257.2A | 2331.4 | 5941.1 | 9722.3 | 15757.6±2239.2A | 1.9±0.1A | |
| U50+OF | 31369.7±1950.4A | 2331.4 | 5710.1 | 9722.3 | 14072.3±1944.6A | 1.8±0.1A | |
| CU50 | 30512.8±2096.4A | 2331.4 | 7106.4 | 9722.3 | 11819.0±2074.9A | 1.6±0.1A | |
| R | *** | - | - | - | *** | *** | |
| N | ns | - | - | - | ns | ns | |
| R×N | ns | - | - | - | ns | ns | |
表6 不同混播比例及施氮模式下各处理的经济效益比较
Table 6 Comparison of economic benefits under different mixed sowing ratios and nitrogen application modes treatments
项目 Item | 处理 Treatments | 总产出 Total output (CNY·hm-2) | 种子投入 Seed input (CNY·hm-2) | 肥料投入 Fertilizer input (CNY·hm-2) | 劳动力投入 Labor input (CNY·hm-2) | 净利润 Net profit (CNY·hm-2) | 产投比 Input-output ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
混播比例 Mixed sowing ratios (R) | A0S10 | 21199.5±759.8b | 1600.0 | 6059.2 | 9722.3 | 3818.1±734.6b | 1.2±0.04b |
| A3S7 | 34928.4±1970.4a | 1759.0 | 6059.2 | 9722.3 | 17387.9±1990.7a | 2.0±0.1a | |
| A5S5 | 32963.6±1315.3a | 1865.1 | 6059.2 | 9722.3 | 15317.0±1390.8a | 1.9±0.1a | |
| A7S3 | 35575.7±2467.3a | 1971.1 | 6059.2 | 9722.3 | 17823.2±2477.6a | 2.0±0.1a | |
| A10S0 | 31304.9±1963.7a | 2130.2 | 6059.2 | 9722.3 | 13393.3±1939.0a | 1.8±0.1a | |
施氮模式 Nitrogen application modes (N) | U0 | 29609.2±2025.3A | 2331.4 | 5479.2 | 9722.3 | 12542.7±1997.6A | 1.7±0.1A |
| U100 | 33286.0±2257.2A | 2331.4 | 5941.1 | 9722.3 | 15757.6±2239.2A | 1.9±0.1A | |
| U50+OF | 31369.7±1950.4A | 2331.4 | 5710.1 | 9722.3 | 14072.3±1944.6A | 1.8±0.1A | |
| CU50 | 30512.8±2096.4A | 2331.4 | 7106.4 | 9722.3 | 11819.0±2074.9A | 1.6±0.1A | |
| R | *** | - | - | - | *** | *** | |
| N | ns | - | - | - | ns | ns | |
| R×N | ns | - | - | - | ns | ns | |
图6 不同处理下饲草主要指标的雷达图Dry yield: 干物质产量Dry matter yield; CP yield: 粗蛋白产量Crude protein yield; RFV: 相对饲喂价值Relative feed value; RFQ: 相对牧草质量Relative forage quality; ET: 耗水量Evapotranspiration; WUE: 干物质水分利用效率Water use efficiency of dry matter; LER: 土地当量比Land equivalent ratio; CRA: 紫花苜蓿竞争率Alfalfa competition rate; CRS:无芒雀麦竞争率B. inermis competition rate; RYA: 紫花苜蓿相对产量Alfalfa relative yield; RYS: 无芒雀麦相对产量B. inermis relative yield; RYT: 相对产量总值Total relative yield.
Fig.6 Radar chart of forage main indexes under different treatments
处理 Treatments | 面积 Area | 周长 Perimeter | Vi1 | Vi2 | Y | 排序 Rank | 处理 Treatments | 面积 Area | 周长 Perimeter | Vi1 | Vi2 | Y | 排序 Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A0S10-U0 | 1.17 | 4.44 | 0.55 | 0.75 | 0.64 | 13 | A7S3-U0 | 1.38 | 5.03 | 0.64 | 0.68 | 0.66 | 11 |
| A0S10-U100 | 1.30 | 4.50 | 0.61 | 0.81 | 0.70 | 8 | A7S3-U100 | 2.14 | 6.37 | 1.00 | 0.66 | 0.81 | 1 |
| A0S10-U50+OF | 1.29 | 4.50 | 0.60 | 0.80 | 0.69 | 9 | A7S3-U50+OF | 1.43 | 5.79 | 0.67 | 0.54 | 0.60 | 14 |
| A0S10-CU50 | 1.23 | 4.39 | 0.57 | 0.80 | 0.68 | 10 | A7S3-CU50 | 1.50 | 6.31 | 0.70 | 0.47 | 0.58 | 15 |
| A3S7-U0 | 1.40 | 4.66 | 0.65 | 0.81 | 0.73 | 6 | A10S0-U0 | 1.43 | 4.60 | 0.67 | 0.85 | 0.75 | 4 |
| A3S7-U100 | 1.77 | 6.56 | 0.83 | 0.52 | 0.65 | 12 | A10S0-U100 | 1.29 | 4.45 | 0.60 | 0.81 | 0.70 | 8 |
| A3S7-U50+OF | 1.79 | 5.90 | 0.84 | 0.65 | 0.74 | 5 | A10S0-U50+OF | 1.52 | 4.75 | 0.71 | 0.85 | 0.78 | 2 |
| A3S7-CU50 | 1.51 | 4.76 | 0.71 | 0.84 | 0.77 | 3 | A10S0-CU50 | 1.43 | 4.61 | 0.67 | 0.85 | 0.75 | 4 |
| A5S5-U0 | 1.49 | 4.94 | 0.70 | 0.77 | 0.73 | 6 | |||||||
| A5S5-U100 | 1.43 | 4.69 | 0.67 | 0.82 | 0.74 | 5 | |||||||
| A5S5-U50+OF | 1.52 | 5.05 | 0.71 | 0.75 | 0.73 | 6 | |||||||
| A5S5-CU50 | 1.36 | 4.58 | 0.64 | 0.81 | 0.72 | 7 |
表7 不同处理的综合评价结果
Table 7 Comprehensive evaluation results of different treatments
处理 Treatments | 面积 Area | 周长 Perimeter | Vi1 | Vi2 | Y | 排序 Rank | 处理 Treatments | 面积 Area | 周长 Perimeter | Vi1 | Vi2 | Y | 排序 Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A0S10-U0 | 1.17 | 4.44 | 0.55 | 0.75 | 0.64 | 13 | A7S3-U0 | 1.38 | 5.03 | 0.64 | 0.68 | 0.66 | 11 |
| A0S10-U100 | 1.30 | 4.50 | 0.61 | 0.81 | 0.70 | 8 | A7S3-U100 | 2.14 | 6.37 | 1.00 | 0.66 | 0.81 | 1 |
| A0S10-U50+OF | 1.29 | 4.50 | 0.60 | 0.80 | 0.69 | 9 | A7S3-U50+OF | 1.43 | 5.79 | 0.67 | 0.54 | 0.60 | 14 |
| A0S10-CU50 | 1.23 | 4.39 | 0.57 | 0.80 | 0.68 | 10 | A7S3-CU50 | 1.50 | 6.31 | 0.70 | 0.47 | 0.58 | 15 |
| A3S7-U0 | 1.40 | 4.66 | 0.65 | 0.81 | 0.73 | 6 | A10S0-U0 | 1.43 | 4.60 | 0.67 | 0.85 | 0.75 | 4 |
| A3S7-U100 | 1.77 | 6.56 | 0.83 | 0.52 | 0.65 | 12 | A10S0-U100 | 1.29 | 4.45 | 0.60 | 0.81 | 0.70 | 8 |
| A3S7-U50+OF | 1.79 | 5.90 | 0.84 | 0.65 | 0.74 | 5 | A10S0-U50+OF | 1.52 | 4.75 | 0.71 | 0.85 | 0.78 | 2 |
| A3S7-CU50 | 1.51 | 4.76 | 0.71 | 0.84 | 0.77 | 3 | A10S0-CU50 | 1.43 | 4.61 | 0.67 | 0.85 | 0.75 | 4 |
| A5S5-U0 | 1.49 | 4.94 | 0.70 | 0.77 | 0.73 | 6 | |||||||
| A5S5-U100 | 1.43 | 4.69 | 0.67 | 0.82 | 0.74 | 5 | |||||||
| A5S5-U50+OF | 1.52 | 5.05 | 0.71 | 0.75 | 0.73 | 6 | |||||||
| A5S5-CU50 | 1.36 | 4.58 | 0.64 | 0.81 | 0.72 | 7 |
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