黑河上游冰沟流域土壤养分与微生物空间异质性研究

doi:10.11686/cyxb2018106

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了深入研究黑河上游冰沟流域不同海拔下土壤微生物数量与土壤理化性质的关系,本研究采集了黑河上游冰沟流域10个不同海拔梯度0~20 cm土层土壤,进行理化性质测定和可培养微生物的种类及数量分析,并探讨其垂直分布特征和变化规律。结果表明:不同海拔梯度土壤养分差异显著(P<0.05),其中有机碳、全氮、全磷、硝态氮、铵态氮和速效磷在3204~3479 m海拔处含量较高,而土壤中全钾和速效钾在中低海拔处含量较高。不同海拔和植被类型土壤中可培养微生物的数量和种类差异显著(P<0.05),灌木林微生物数量最高,其次为草地,乔木林最低。其中解磷菌、解钾菌和真菌主要分布在3250 m海拔处,而硅酸盐细菌和芽孢杆菌在2911和3071 m海拔处最高。解磷菌、解钾菌、硅酸盐细菌和真菌与植被盖度呈正相关且差异显著(P<0.05);真菌与全氮、全磷呈正相关且差异极显著(P<0.01),而解磷菌与全氮、全磷呈正相关且差异显著(P<0.05),芽孢杆菌与pH值呈正相关且差异显著(P<0.05)。在主成分分析中,有机碳,速效磷、全氮和全磷是影响土壤养分的主要因素,不同海拔土壤养分通过综合评价,在海拔3479 m处肥力最好,其次为3204、2911 m处,在海拔3172 m处最低;微生物的主成分分析表明,在海拔3250 m处排序第一,其次为2911 m处。以上结果表明,土壤养分含量、微生物数量的空间变异主要受海拔和植被及植被盖度的影响。

关键词: 冰沟流域, 海拔梯度, 土壤微生物, 土壤养分

Abstract: In order to study changes in bacteria abundance and communities in response to soil factors in Binggou Valley, the upper reaches of Heihe, we collected 10 surface soil samples at different altitudes and analyzed the culturable microorganisms’ abundance and the soils’ physico-chemical properties. The results showed that soil nutrients vary markedly by altitude. High concentrations of soil organic carbon (SOC), total N and P, nitrate N, ammonium N and available P were found at high altitudes, while the concentrations of total K and available K were high at low altitudes. The abundance and diversity of culturable microorganisms vary markedly according to vegetation types and degree of cover. The abundance of phosphorus bacteria and fungi are significantly positively related to total N and P (P<0.05). Bacillus is significantly positively related to pH (P<0.05). The comprehensive evaluation of soil composition at different altitudes showed that the most fertile soil is located at 3479 m altitude, the second most fertile at 3204 m, followed by 2911 and 3172 m. Analysis of surface soil composition showed that phosphorus bacteria, potassium bacteria and silicate bacterium are the dominant strains. Analysis of the main components of microorganisms showed the most significant diversity in samples taken at 3205 m altitude. These results indicate that soil nutrients and microorganism abundance in the Binggou valley are mainly influenced by altitude, vegetation types and degree of cover.

Key words: ice valley, altitude gradient, soil microorganism, soil nutrient

高海宁, 李彩霞, 孙小妹, 陈年来, 张勇. 黑河上游冰沟流域土壤养分与微生物空间异质性研究[J]. 草业学报, 2018, 27(6): 23-33.

GAO Hai-ning, LI Cai-xia, SUN Xiao-mei, CHEN Nian-lai, ZHANG Yong. Study of microorganism abundance and communities in response to soil factors in Binggou Valley, the upper reaches of Heihe[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(6): 23-33.

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