草业学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (12): 171-179.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020138
肖燕子1,2(), 徐丽君2, 辛晓平2(), 乌仁其其格null1, 孙林3, 姜超1
收稿日期:
2020-03-24
修回日期:
2020-07-06
出版日期:
2020-12-28
发布日期:
2020-12-28
通讯作者:
辛晓平
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: xinxiaoping@caas.cn基金资助:
Yan-zi XIAO1,2(), Li-jun XU2, Xiao-ping XIN2(), Ren-qiqige WU1, Lin SUN3, Chao JIANG1
Received:
2020-03-24
Revised:
2020-07-06
Online:
2020-12-28
Published:
2020-12-28
Contact:
Xiao-ping XIN
摘要:
为筛选适宜在呼伦贝尔地区种植的优质青贮燕麦品种,采用随机区组设计方法,于2018年在中国农业科学院呼伦贝尔草原生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站种植10个燕麦品种(贝勒、魅力、陇燕2号、陇燕3号、燕王、青海444、巴燕3号、林纳、白燕7号、青引1号)进行区域试验。于燕麦乳熟期刈割,切至2 cm后进行罐贮。60 d后开封取样,测定其营养指标和发酵指标。结果表明:陇燕2号干物质(DM)产量最高,为4905.45 kg·hm-2,青引1号干物质产量最低,为1773.65 kg·hm-2,品种间差异显著(P<0.05);10个燕麦品种青贮饲料的干物质含量在30.73%~45.47%,DM含量最高品种为陇燕2号,最低品种为巴燕3号,2个品种间有显著差异(P<0.05);林纳、贝勒和陇燕2号3个品种的粗蛋白含量分别为12.63%、12.46%和12.41%,显著高于其他品种(P<0.05)。贝勒和林纳2个燕麦品种的酸性洗涤纤维含量最低,分别为25.11%和26.11%,显著低于其他品种(P<0.05)。10个燕麦品种的可溶性糖含量为2.17%~4.33%,平均含量为3.39%,含量最高为贝勒,最低为燕王,2个品种间差异显著(P<0.05)。不同品种的发酵品质差异显著(P<0.05)。林纳的pH值最低,乳酸含量最高,为6.86%,丙酸、丁酸、氨态氮和总挥发性脂肪酸含量低,发酵品质较好。10个燕麦品种发酵品质的V-Score评分中陇燕3号、林纳、陇燕2号、青海444、魅力、青引1号、白燕7号和贝勒8个品种的分值在80以上,发酵品质为优。综合考虑产量、营养品质和青贮发酵品质,林纳适宜作为青贮燕麦品种在呼伦贝尔地区种植加工。
肖燕子, 徐丽君, 辛晓平, 乌仁其其格null, 孙林, 姜超. 呼伦贝尔地区不同燕麦品种的营养价值及发酵品质评价研究[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(12): 171-179.
Yan-zi XIAO, Li-jun XU, Xiao-ping XIN, Ren-qiqige WU, Lin SUN, Chao JIANG. Nutritional value and fermentation quality of different oat varieties in the Hulunbuir area[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(12): 171-179.
图1 不同品种燕麦的干草产量及干物质产量分析A: 贝勒Baler; B: 魅力Meili; C: 陇燕2号Longyan No.2; D: 陇燕3号Longyan No.3; E: 燕王Yanwang; F: 青海444 Qinghai 444; G: 巴燕3号Bayan No.3; H: 林纳Lena; I: 白燕7号Baiyan No.7; J: 青引1号Qingyin No.1. 不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at 0.05 level.
Fig.1 Analysis of hay yield and DM yield of different oat varieties
项目 Item | 贝勒 Baler | 魅力 Meili | 陇燕2号 Longyan No.2 | 陇燕3号 Longyan No.3 | 燕王 Yanwang | 青海444 Qinghai 444 | 巴燕3号 Bayan No.3 | 林纳 Lena | 白燕7号 Baiyan No.7 | 青引1号 Qingyin No.1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
干物质 Dry matter (%) | 48.35± 1.52a | 44.03± 4.41abc | 44.78± 2.31abc | 45.01± 2.58ab | 40.46± 4.94abc | 42.69± 2.97abc | 38.89± 1.98bc | 36.73± 2.78bc | 35.75± 4.22c | 38.31± 1.85bc |
粗蛋白 Crude protein (%DM) | 12.91± 1.05ab | 11.17± 0.99cd | 12.60± 0.16ab | 9.89± 0.65e | 10.09± 0.66de | 12.46± 0.29ab | 10.79± 0.68cde | 13.30± 0.67a | 11.00± 0.89cde | 11.98± 0.61bc |
可溶性碳水化合物 WSC (%DM) | 14.96± 1.72ab | 12.07± 1.11c | 13.61± 1.17bc | 12.28± 1.16c | 13.61± 1.03bc | 16.3± 2.23a | 12.98± 1.61bc | 14.05± 1.43bc | 13.44± 1.85bc | 13.04± 1.92bc |
表1 不同燕麦品种青贮前营养成分
Table 1 Nutrient composition of different oat varieties before silage
项目 Item | 贝勒 Baler | 魅力 Meili | 陇燕2号 Longyan No.2 | 陇燕3号 Longyan No.3 | 燕王 Yanwang | 青海444 Qinghai 444 | 巴燕3号 Bayan No.3 | 林纳 Lena | 白燕7号 Baiyan No.7 | 青引1号 Qingyin No.1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
干物质 Dry matter (%) | 48.35± 1.52a | 44.03± 4.41abc | 44.78± 2.31abc | 45.01± 2.58ab | 40.46± 4.94abc | 42.69± 2.97abc | 38.89± 1.98bc | 36.73± 2.78bc | 35.75± 4.22c | 38.31± 1.85bc |
粗蛋白 Crude protein (%DM) | 12.91± 1.05ab | 11.17± 0.99cd | 12.60± 0.16ab | 9.89± 0.65e | 10.09± 0.66de | 12.46± 0.29ab | 10.79± 0.68cde | 13.30± 0.67a | 11.00± 0.89cde | 11.98± 0.61bc |
可溶性碳水化合物 WSC (%DM) | 14.96± 1.72ab | 12.07± 1.11c | 13.61± 1.17bc | 12.28± 1.16c | 13.61± 1.03bc | 16.3± 2.23a | 12.98± 1.61bc | 14.05± 1.43bc | 13.44± 1.85bc | 13.04± 1.92bc |
项目 Item | 贝勒 Baler | 魅力 Meili | 陇燕2号 Longyan No.2 | 陇燕3号 Longyan No.3 | 燕王 Yanwang | 青海444 Qinghai 444 | 巴燕3号 Bayan No.3 | 林纳 Lena | 白燕7号 Baiyan No.7 | 青引1号 Qingyin No.1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
干物质 DM (%) | 38.97± 3.29abc | 30.73± 2.78c | 45.27± 5.92a | 39.07± 6.58abc | 31.34± 2.53c | 39.32± 3.81abc | 32.89± 1.98c | 43.16± 1.78ab | 34.70± 3.98bc | 40.05± 1.05abc |
粗蛋白 CP (%DM) | 12.46± 1.58a | 10.31± 0.81ab | 12.41± 1.30a | 9.63± 1.11b | 9.83± 1.73b | 11.71± 1.23ab | 9.79± 0.45b | 12.63± 1.53a | 10.31± 1.63ab | 10.76± 0.85ab |
酸性洗涤纤维ADF (%DM) | 25.11± 3.04e | 35.44± 2.31b | 28.72± 1.03de | 31.04± 1.24cd | 41.41± 1.59a | 35.08± 2.22b | 32.71± 3.14bc | 26.11± 1.96e | 41.94± 0.46a | 36.04± 1.74b |
中性洗涤纤维NDF (%DM) | 45.51± 4.68a | 50.10± 4.95a | 49.79± 2.36a | 49.42± 3.57a | 49.07± 1.69a | 48.89± 0.75a | 47.62± 3.48a | 47.18± 2.71a | 50.17± 3.64a | 44.94± 2.43a |
可溶性碳水化合物 WSC (%DM) | 4.33± 0.32a | 3.28± 0.56abcd | 2.98± 0.61bcde | 4.05± 0.43ab | 2.17± 0.71e | 2.56± 0.51de | 2.88± 0.49cde | 4.05± 0.65ab | 3.67± 0.84abc | 3.94± 0.3ab |
粗脂肪 EE (%DM) | 2.46± 1.33a | 2.75± 1.01a | 2.31± 0.81a | 1.96± 0.64a | 2.83± 1.22a | 3.04± 0.54a | 1.79± 0.40a | 2.97± 0.79a | 2.64± 1.19a | 2.76± 0.80a |
表2 不同燕麦品种青贮饲料营养成分
Table 2 Nutrient composition of silage for different oat varieties
项目 Item | 贝勒 Baler | 魅力 Meili | 陇燕2号 Longyan No.2 | 陇燕3号 Longyan No.3 | 燕王 Yanwang | 青海444 Qinghai 444 | 巴燕3号 Bayan No.3 | 林纳 Lena | 白燕7号 Baiyan No.7 | 青引1号 Qingyin No.1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
干物质 DM (%) | 38.97± 3.29abc | 30.73± 2.78c | 45.27± 5.92a | 39.07± 6.58abc | 31.34± 2.53c | 39.32± 3.81abc | 32.89± 1.98c | 43.16± 1.78ab | 34.70± 3.98bc | 40.05± 1.05abc |
粗蛋白 CP (%DM) | 12.46± 1.58a | 10.31± 0.81ab | 12.41± 1.30a | 9.63± 1.11b | 9.83± 1.73b | 11.71± 1.23ab | 9.79± 0.45b | 12.63± 1.53a | 10.31± 1.63ab | 10.76± 0.85ab |
酸性洗涤纤维ADF (%DM) | 25.11± 3.04e | 35.44± 2.31b | 28.72± 1.03de | 31.04± 1.24cd | 41.41± 1.59a | 35.08± 2.22b | 32.71± 3.14bc | 26.11± 1.96e | 41.94± 0.46a | 36.04± 1.74b |
中性洗涤纤维NDF (%DM) | 45.51± 4.68a | 50.10± 4.95a | 49.79± 2.36a | 49.42± 3.57a | 49.07± 1.69a | 48.89± 0.75a | 47.62± 3.48a | 47.18± 2.71a | 50.17± 3.64a | 44.94± 2.43a |
可溶性碳水化合物 WSC (%DM) | 4.33± 0.32a | 3.28± 0.56abcd | 2.98± 0.61bcde | 4.05± 0.43ab | 2.17± 0.71e | 2.56± 0.51de | 2.88± 0.49cde | 4.05± 0.65ab | 3.67± 0.84abc | 3.94± 0.3ab |
粗脂肪 EE (%DM) | 2.46± 1.33a | 2.75± 1.01a | 2.31± 0.81a | 1.96± 0.64a | 2.83± 1.22a | 3.04± 0.54a | 1.79± 0.40a | 2.97± 0.79a | 2.64± 1.19a | 2.76± 0.80a |
项目 Item | 贝勒 Baler | 魅力 Meili | 陇燕2号 Longyan No.2 | 陇燕3号 Longyan No.3 | 燕王 Yanwang | 青海444 Qinghai 444 | 巴燕3号 Bayan No.3 | 林纳 Lena | 白燕7号 Baiyan No.7 | 青引1号 Qingyin No.1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH | 4.22± 0.09ab | 4.54± 0.52a | 4.41± 0.23ab | 4.40± 0.26ab | 4.13± 0.05ab | 4.40± 0.10ab | 4.15± 0.05ab | 4.08± 0.09b | 4.31± 0.15ab | 4.21± 0.09ab |
乳酸Lactic acid (%DM) | 5.78± 1.21abc | 4.97± 0.32bcd | 6.14± 1.58ab | 4.20± 0.22d | 3.87± 0.14d | 6.47± 0.62ab | 3.91± 1.14d | 6.86± 0.57a | 4.42± 0.54cd | 4.09± 0.59d |
乙酸Acetic acid (%DM) | 0.72± 0.19ab | 0.86± 0.48ab | 0.47± 0.11b | 0.52± 0.10b | 0.46± 0.12b | 1.15± 0.23a | 0.75± 0.15ab | 0.51± 0.24b | 0.59± 0.71ab | 0.72± 0.10ab |
丙酸Propionic acid (%DM) | 0.80± 0.13abc | 0.79± 0.24abc | 0.59± 0.22abc | 0.58± 0.01abc | 0.74± 0.06abc | 0.51± 0.06c | 0.68± 0.08abc | 0.53± 0.30bc | 0.82± 0.08ab | 0.87± 0.07a |
丁酸Butyric acid (%DM) | 0.12± 0.05abc | 0.05± 0.04cd | 0.08± 0.02bcd | 0.07± 0.02bcd | 0.17± 0.01a | 0.04± 0.02d | 0.13± 0.05ab | 0.08± 0.03bcd | 0.13± 0.02ab | 0.11± 0.08abcd |
氨态氮Ammonia nitrogen (%TN) | 8.19± 1.62ab | 5.75± 0.17cd | 6.69± 0.17bcd | 7.58± 2.04bc | 6.04± 1.15cd | 6.68± 0.12bcd | 9.89± 0.03a | 5.19± 0.47d | 7.46± 1.18bc | 7.01± 0.79bcd |
总挥发性脂肪酸Total volatile fatty acids (%DM) | 1.64± 0.18a | 1.70± 0.26a | 1.14± 0.26a | 1.17± 0.14a | 1.34± 0.16a | 1.70± 0.24a | 1.56± 0.12a | 1.12± 0.49a | 1.54± 0.46a | 1.69± 0.33a |
表3 不同品种燕麦的青贮发酵品质
Table 3 Quality of silage fermentation of different oats varieties
项目 Item | 贝勒 Baler | 魅力 Meili | 陇燕2号 Longyan No.2 | 陇燕3号 Longyan No.3 | 燕王 Yanwang | 青海444 Qinghai 444 | 巴燕3号 Bayan No.3 | 林纳 Lena | 白燕7号 Baiyan No.7 | 青引1号 Qingyin No.1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH | 4.22± 0.09ab | 4.54± 0.52a | 4.41± 0.23ab | 4.40± 0.26ab | 4.13± 0.05ab | 4.40± 0.10ab | 4.15± 0.05ab | 4.08± 0.09b | 4.31± 0.15ab | 4.21± 0.09ab |
乳酸Lactic acid (%DM) | 5.78± 1.21abc | 4.97± 0.32bcd | 6.14± 1.58ab | 4.20± 0.22d | 3.87± 0.14d | 6.47± 0.62ab | 3.91± 1.14d | 6.86± 0.57a | 4.42± 0.54cd | 4.09± 0.59d |
乙酸Acetic acid (%DM) | 0.72± 0.19ab | 0.86± 0.48ab | 0.47± 0.11b | 0.52± 0.10b | 0.46± 0.12b | 1.15± 0.23a | 0.75± 0.15ab | 0.51± 0.24b | 0.59± 0.71ab | 0.72± 0.10ab |
丙酸Propionic acid (%DM) | 0.80± 0.13abc | 0.79± 0.24abc | 0.59± 0.22abc | 0.58± 0.01abc | 0.74± 0.06abc | 0.51± 0.06c | 0.68± 0.08abc | 0.53± 0.30bc | 0.82± 0.08ab | 0.87± 0.07a |
丁酸Butyric acid (%DM) | 0.12± 0.05abc | 0.05± 0.04cd | 0.08± 0.02bcd | 0.07± 0.02bcd | 0.17± 0.01a | 0.04± 0.02d | 0.13± 0.05ab | 0.08± 0.03bcd | 0.13± 0.02ab | 0.11± 0.08abcd |
氨态氮Ammonia nitrogen (%TN) | 8.19± 1.62ab | 5.75± 0.17cd | 6.69± 0.17bcd | 7.58± 2.04bc | 6.04± 1.15cd | 6.68± 0.12bcd | 9.89± 0.03a | 5.19± 0.47d | 7.46± 1.18bc | 7.01± 0.79bcd |
总挥发性脂肪酸Total volatile fatty acids (%DM) | 1.64± 0.18a | 1.70± 0.26a | 1.14± 0.26a | 1.17± 0.14a | 1.34± 0.16a | 1.70± 0.24a | 1.56± 0.12a | 1.12± 0.49a | 1.54± 0.46a | 1.69± 0.33a |
品种 Varieties | 氨态氮/总氮 Ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen (yN, %) | 乙酸+丙酸 Acetic acid+propionic acid (yAP) | 丁酸 Butyric acid (yB) | V-Score (Y=yN+yAP+yB) |
---|---|---|---|---|
贝勒Baler | 50.00±3.03a | 0.00d | 30.40±3.67bcd | 80.49±1.59c |
魅力Meili | 50.00±0.00a | 0.00d | 36.00±3.49ab | 86.07±4.12abc |
陇燕2号Longyan No.2 | 50.00±0.00a | 3.41±0.25a | 33.61±1.39ab | 87.01±1.53a |
陇燕3号Longyan No.3 | 50.00±0.83a | 3.14±0.15ab | 34.67±1.22ab | 87.77±0.84a |
燕王Yanwang | 50.00±0.00a | 2.33±0.18b | 26.67±0.92d | 78.99±1.09d |
青海444 Qinghai 444 | 50.00±0.32a | 0.00d | 36.53±1.22a | 86.53±3.29abc |
巴燕3号Bayan No.3 | 47.38±0.92b | 0.51±0.08c | 29.33±3.78d | 77.23±1.93d |
林纳Lena | 50.00±0.00a | 3.54±0.16a | 33.87±2.01ab | 87.40±1.23a |
白燕7号Baiyan No.7 | 50.00±0.24a | 0.72±0.77c | 29.87±1.67c | 80.58±1.91c |
青引1号Qingyin No.1 | 50.00±0.00a | 0.00d | 31.73±6.21b | 81.73±6.22b |
表4 10个燕麦品种发酵品质的V-Score评分
Table 4 V-Score of fermentation quality of 10 oat varieties
品种 Varieties | 氨态氮/总氮 Ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen (yN, %) | 乙酸+丙酸 Acetic acid+propionic acid (yAP) | 丁酸 Butyric acid (yB) | V-Score (Y=yN+yAP+yB) |
---|---|---|---|---|
贝勒Baler | 50.00±3.03a | 0.00d | 30.40±3.67bcd | 80.49±1.59c |
魅力Meili | 50.00±0.00a | 0.00d | 36.00±3.49ab | 86.07±4.12abc |
陇燕2号Longyan No.2 | 50.00±0.00a | 3.41±0.25a | 33.61±1.39ab | 87.01±1.53a |
陇燕3号Longyan No.3 | 50.00±0.83a | 3.14±0.15ab | 34.67±1.22ab | 87.77±0.84a |
燕王Yanwang | 50.00±0.00a | 2.33±0.18b | 26.67±0.92d | 78.99±1.09d |
青海444 Qinghai 444 | 50.00±0.32a | 0.00d | 36.53±1.22a | 86.53±3.29abc |
巴燕3号Bayan No.3 | 47.38±0.92b | 0.51±0.08c | 29.33±3.78d | 77.23±1.93d |
林纳Lena | 50.00±0.00a | 3.54±0.16a | 33.87±2.01ab | 87.40±1.23a |
白燕7号Baiyan No.7 | 50.00±0.24a | 0.72±0.77c | 29.87±1.67c | 80.58±1.91c |
青引1号Qingyin No.1 | 50.00±0.00a | 0.00d | 31.73±6.21b | 81.73±6.22b |
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