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草业学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (12): 171-179.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020138

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

呼伦贝尔地区不同燕麦品种的营养价值及发酵品质评价研究

肖燕子1,2(), 徐丽君2, 辛晓平2(), 乌仁其其格null1, 孙林3, 姜超1   

  1. 1.呼伦贝尔学院农林学院,内蒙古 呼伦贝尔 021000
    2.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,呼伦贝尔草原生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,北京 100081
    3.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-24 修回日期:2020-07-06 出版日期:2020-12-28 发布日期:2020-12-28
  • 通讯作者: 辛晓平
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: xinxiaoping@caas.cn
    肖燕子(1984- ),女,蒙古族,内蒙古锡林郭勒人,博士,讲师。E-mail: 1061431629@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    重点研发计划(2016YFC0500600);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(Cars-34);天然草地保护与生态修复技术集成与示范(YYYFHZ201901);优选不同扁蓿豆抗寒性评价研究(2018BS47)

Nutritional value and fermentation quality of different oat varieties in the Hulunbuir area

Yan-zi XIAO1,2(), Li-jun XU2, Xiao-ping XIN2(), Ren-qiqige WU1, Lin SUN3, Chao JIANG1   

  1. 1.Hulunbuir College of Agriculture and Forestry,Hulunbuir 021000,China
    2.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station,Beijing 100081,China
    3.Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China
  • Received:2020-03-24 Revised:2020-07-06 Online:2020-12-28 Published:2020-12-28
  • Contact: Xiao-ping XIN

摘要:

为筛选适宜在呼伦贝尔地区种植的优质青贮燕麦品种,采用随机区组设计方法,于2018年在中国农业科学院呼伦贝尔草原生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站种植10个燕麦品种(贝勒、魅力、陇燕2号、陇燕3号、燕王、青海444、巴燕3号、林纳、白燕7号、青引1号)进行区域试验。于燕麦乳熟期刈割,切至2 cm后进行罐贮。60 d后开封取样,测定其营养指标和发酵指标。结果表明:陇燕2号干物质(DM)产量最高,为4905.45 kg·hm-2,青引1号干物质产量最低,为1773.65 kg·hm-2,品种间差异显著(P<0.05);10个燕麦品种青贮饲料的干物质含量在30.73%~45.47%,DM含量最高品种为陇燕2号,最低品种为巴燕3号,2个品种间有显著差异(P<0.05);林纳、贝勒和陇燕2号3个品种的粗蛋白含量分别为12.63%、12.46%和12.41%,显著高于其他品种(P<0.05)。贝勒和林纳2个燕麦品种的酸性洗涤纤维含量最低,分别为25.11%和26.11%,显著低于其他品种(P<0.05)。10个燕麦品种的可溶性糖含量为2.17%~4.33%,平均含量为3.39%,含量最高为贝勒,最低为燕王,2个品种间差异显著(P<0.05)。不同品种的发酵品质差异显著(P<0.05)。林纳的pH值最低,乳酸含量最高,为6.86%,丙酸、丁酸、氨态氮和总挥发性脂肪酸含量低,发酵品质较好。10个燕麦品种发酵品质的V-Score评分中陇燕3号、林纳、陇燕2号、青海444、魅力、青引1号、白燕7号和贝勒8个品种的分值在80以上,发酵品质为优。综合考虑产量、营养品质和青贮发酵品质,林纳适宜作为青贮燕麦品种在呼伦贝尔地区种植加工。

关键词: 燕麦, 品种, 青贮, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

The aim of these experiments was to select suitable oat varieties to produce high-quality silage in Hulunbeier. In a regional field trial in 2018, ten oat varieties (Baler, Meili, Longyan No.2, Longyan No.3, Yanwang, Qinghai 444, Bayan No.3, Lena, Baiyan No.7, Qingyin No.1) were planted in a random block design at the National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of the Hulunbeier Grassland Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The oat plants were harvested at the ‘milky’ grain development stage, cut into 2 cm pieces, and stored in containers. After 60 days, the nutrient contents and fermentation index of the silages were determined. The dry matter (DM) yield was highest in Longyan No.2 (4905.45 kg·ha-1), and lowest in Qingyin No.1 (1773.65 kg·ha-1), and this difference was significant. The DM content of silages made from the ten oat varieties ranged from 30.73% to 45.47%. The DM content was highest in Longyan No.2 and lowest in Bayan No.3, and the difference between them was significant. The crude protein contents of Lena, Baylor, and Longyan No.2 were 12.63%, 12.46%, 12.41%, respectively, significantly higher than in the other varieties (P<0.05). The acid detergent fiber content was significantly lower in Baler and Lena (25.11% and 26.11%, respectively) than in the other varieties (P<0.05). The water soluble sugars (WSC) content ranged from 2.17% and 4.33% (average, 3.39%). The WSC was highest in Baler and lowest in Yanwang, and differed significantly between these two varieties (P<0.05). There were significant differences in fermentation quality among the ten different oat varieties (P<0.05). Lena silage had the lowest pH, the highest lactic acid content (6.86%), and the lowest contents of propionic acid, butyric acid, ammonia nitrogen, and total volatile fatty acids. The V-scores for the silages made from the ten oat varieties indicated that the fermentation quality of Longyan No.3, Lena, Longyan No.2, Qinghai 444, Meili, Qingyin No.1, Baiyan No.7, and Baler was excellent (V-scores>80). Considering the yield, nutritional quality, and silage fermentation quality, Lena is a suitable oat variety for planting and processing into silage in the Hulunbuir area.

Key words: oat, variety, silage, yield, quality