海河平原区施氮磷肥对饲用小黑麦生产性能及营养品质的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019279

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探讨海河平原区施氮磷肥对饲用小黑麦生产性能及营养品质的影响,确定该地区饲用小黑麦的合理施肥量,于2014-2016年连续两年以饲用小黑麦中饲 1048 为试验材料,设置不同氮、磷肥单因素试验,氮肥(N)试验处理为:0、60、120、180、240、300 kg·hm^-2,磷肥(P₂O₅)试验处理为:0、45、90、135、180、225 kg·hm^-2,测定并分析了不同氮、磷肥处理下饲用小黑麦产草量、农艺性状、营养品质以及土壤养分等相关指标的变化。结果表明,不同氮、磷肥处理下饲用小黑麦两年平均干草产量、ADF和NDF含量和不施肥处理差异不显著,全株粗蛋白含量均显著高于不施肥处理(P<0.05),故施氮磷肥对饲用小黑麦增产效果不明显,但在提高粗蛋白含量方面具有一定促进作用。综合分析得出,在海河平原区肥力较差土壤上种植饲用小黑麦需施肥,建议施氮肥120~180 kg·hm^-2,磷肥90~135 kg·hm^-2。肥力较好的土壤种植饲用小黑麦可以不施肥或隔年施一次,施肥量同土壤肥力较差地块。

关键词: 施肥, 饲用小黑麦, 生产性能, 营养品质

Abstract: The effects of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer application on the yield and forage quality of forage triticale were studied to determine the ideal fertilization rate for forage triticale crops on the Haihe Plain. The experiment was conducted over two growing seasons (2014-2016) using the triticale variety ‘Zhongsi 1048’, grown under a range of nitrogen (N: 0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 kg·ha^-1) and phosphate (P₂O₅: 0, 45, 90, 135, 180, 225 kg·ha^-1) fertilizer treatments, to evaluate responses in forage yield, agronomic traits, forage quality and soil nutrient status in forage triticale under these different nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer treatments. No significant difference was found between CK (N₀P₀) and any of the fertiliser treatments for the two-year average hay yield (P>0.05). Crude protein content was significantly higher than CK in the various fertiliser treatments (P<0.05), while ADF and NDF levels did not differ significantly between CK and the various fertiliser treatments (P>0.05). The effect of increasing nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on the yield of triticale was not obvious, but fertilizer did improve the forage quality of triticale. Multivariate analysis of the data showed that on the Haihe Plain, forage triticale could be planted without fertilization or once every other year in areas with good soil fertility, and with fertiliser application at sites with poor soil fertility. Based on these results, recommended fertilizer application rates for triticale hay production on the Haihe plain are: N, 120-180 kg·ha^-1; P₂O₅, 90-135 kg·ha^-1.

Key words: fertilization, triticale, production performance, forage quality

游永亮, 李源, 赵海明, 武瑞鑫, 刘贵波. 海河平原区施氮磷肥对饲用小黑麦生产性能及营养品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(3): 137-146.

YOU Yong-liang, LI Yuan, ZHAO Hai-ming, WU Rui-xin, LIU Gui-bo. Effects of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer application on yield and forage quality of forage triticale on the Haihe Plain[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(3): 137-146.

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