AM真菌对丹参生长及根际土壤酶活性的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019494

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过研究不同丛枝菌根(AM)真菌对丹参生长及土壤酶活性的影响,为改善土壤性质及丹参生长提供新思路。本研究以与不同AM真菌共生的丹参组培苗根际土为研究目标;设置单菌种处理组和混合菌种处理组,测定与AM真菌共培养后丹参药用部位的产量;取培养后的丹参根际土,测量土壤中蔗糖酶,磷酸酶,脲酶的活性。试验结果表明,供试AM真菌均能成功侵染丹参组培苗形成菌根,但丹参与不同AM真菌的菌根依赖性不同,8种供试AM真菌均能与丹参组培苗共生形成菌根结构,菌根侵染率(54.83%~89.97%)普遍较高。丹参对光壁无梗囊霉(E)、荫性球囊霉(F)未表现出菌根依赖性。接种AM真菌后,大部分丹参根鲜重和干重均增加,表明接种AM真菌对丹参根部物质积累具有一定的促进作用,虽多种处理组均能提高丹参的生物量,但不同处理组之间具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。单菌种处理组中,34号处理(G)效果最好;混合菌种处理组中,20号处理(ACE)对丹参干物质积累促进作用最显著。不同AM真菌对土壤酶活性影响差异显著(P<0.05),单菌种处理组中,荫性球囊霉组提高蔗糖酶及磷酸酶活性的效果最佳,福摩萨球囊霉组提高脲酶活性的效果最佳;混合菌种处理组中,20号处理(ACE)对脲酶及蔗糖酶的活性提高最有利,17号处理(ABD)对磷酸酶的活性提高最有利。采用系统聚类法,可将35个处理组分为强促生、较强促生以及无促生作用三类。综合侵染率、菌根依赖性、产量及土壤酶活性考虑,第Ⅰ类处理具有强促生作用,可作为菌剂开发的首选,其中 20号处理为最佳组合,表明其在一定程度上提高丹参根际土肥力,改善土壤微环境,为缓解丹参的连作障碍提供理论依据。

关键词: 干物质, 丛枝菌根真菌, 根际土, 侵染率

Abstract: This research studied the effects of different arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi on the growth of Salvia miltiorrhiza and the activities of soil enzymes, with the aim of identifying new methodology for improving soil properties using S. miltiorrhiza. Plantlets of S. miltiorrhiza were tissue cultured with a single strain (8 strains were tested) or mixed strains of symbiotic AM fungi (35 combinations were tested) to determine the yield of medicinal parts of S. miltiorrhiza after co-culture with AM fungi. In addition, rhizospheric soil of the cultured S. miltiorrhiza plants was collected to measure the activities of invertase, phosphatase and urease enzymes in the soil. It was found that the tested AM fungi were able to successfully colonize the S. miltiorrhiza plantlets to form mycorrhizal fungal associations, but the mycorrhizal dependence of S. miltiorrhiza differed for different AM fungi. All 8 tested AM fungi were able to coexist with S. miltiorrhiza plantlets to form mycorrhizal structures, with the colonization percentage generally high (54.83%-89.97%). S. miltiorrhiza showed no mycorrhizal dependence on Acaulospora laevis or Glomus tenebrosum. After inoculation with AM fungi, the biomass and fresh weight of most S. miltiorrhiza test plants increased, indicating that inoculation with AM fungi had a promotional effect on the root accumulation of S. miltiorrhiza. Different AM treatment groups affected the biomass production of S. miltiorrhiza differently (P<0.05). Among the single strain treatments, treatment 34 (G) had the best effect, while among the mixed strain treatments, [name the AMS in this treatment] (Treatment 20) (ACE) had the most significant promotion effect on dry matter accumulation of S. miltiorrhiza. Similarly, different AM fungi affected soil enzyme activity differently (P<0.05). Among the single strain treatment groups, the G. tenebrosum group most increased the activity of invertase and phosphatase, and the Glomus formosanum group most increased urease activity. In the mixed strain treatment group, Treatment 20 most increased the activity of urease and sucrase, while treatment 17 (ABD) most increased the activity of phosphatase. Cluster analysis of the 35 treatment combinations yielded three groups based on the degree of growth promotion: strong growth promotion, low growth promotion and no growth promotion. Considering the achieved infection rate, mycorrhizal dependency, plant yield and soil enzyme activity, mixed inoculation with [name AM strains] has strong growth-promoting effects and so would be the best candidate treatment for the development of fungicides. However, Treatment 20 was overall the best combination, and this treatment resulted in some improvement in rhizosphere soil fertility, improved soil microenvironment. This research provides a theoretical basis for alleviating obstacles to continuous cropping of S. miltiorrhiza.

Key words: dry matter, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, rhizosphere soil, colonization percentage

贾红梅, 方千, 张秫华, 严铸云, 柳敏. AM真菌对丹参生长及根际土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(6): 83-92.

JIA Hong-mei, FANG Qian, ZHANG Shu-hua, YAN Zhu-yun, LIU Min. Effects of AM fungi on growth and rhizosphere soil enzyme activities of Salvia miltiorrhiza[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(6): 83-92.

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