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草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 177-188.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020168

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

干旱胁迫对‘青燕1号’燕麦产量及干物质积累与分配的影响

刘凯强(), 刘文辉(), 贾志锋, 梁国玲, 马祥   

  1. 青海省青藏高原优良牧草种质资源利用重点实验室,青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海 西宁 810016
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-13 修回日期:2020-07-08 出版日期:2021-03-20 发布日期:2021-03-09
  • 通讯作者: 刘文辉
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: qhliuwenhui@163.com
    刘凯强(1992-),男,甘肃宁县人,在读硕士。E-mail: lkqgsqy@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    青海省科技厅重点实验室发展专项“青海省青藏高原优良牧草种质资源利用重点实验室”(2020-ZJ-Y03);青海省“高端创新人才计划”、现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金

Effects of drought stress on yield and dry matter accumulation and distribution of Avena sativa cv. Qingyan No.1

Kai-qiang LIU(), Wen-hui LIU(), Zhi-feng JIA, Guo-ling LIANG, Xiang MA   

  1. Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China
  • Received:2020-04-13 Revised:2020-07-08 Online:2021-03-20 Published:2021-03-09
  • Contact: Wen-hui LIU

摘要:

为探究‘青燕1号’燕麦对不同干旱胁迫方式的响应变化,在盆栽试验条件下,采用不同干旱胁迫程度和胁迫次数处理,研究燕麦各器官干物质积累与分配及产量和产量因子的变化规律。结果显示:燕麦穗长、小穗粒数、单序籽粒重、百粒重和产量下降明显,小穗数、穗粒数有增有减,而空铃数无明显变化;干旱胁迫抑制了器官干物质积累,其中分配比例以茎和根部转移相对较多,穗部较少。从整体水平来看,不同胁迫程度和胁迫次数影响大小表现为:3次、中度和重度胁迫影响较大;不同胁迫时期变化下以苗期-拔节期、孕穗-抽穗期、开花-乳熟期干旱(SM)时期和苗期-拔节期、孕穗-抽穗期干旱(SH)影响最大。不同干旱胁迫下各指标相关性分析及通径分析得出,燕麦小穗数、穗粒数、小穗粒数、单序籽粒重、百粒重、穗长、穗干重、茎干重、根干重、叶干重、穗分配指数与产量呈显著正相关关系,相关系数在0.368~0.922,而茎分配指数、根分配指数、叶分配指数与产量呈负相关关系,相关系数在-0.673~-0.299,空铃数与产量为负相关关系,但未达到显著水平,为-0.021;通径分析发现,单序籽粒重、百粒重、穗粒数对燕麦产量增产具有重要作用。

关键词: 燕麦, 干旱胁迫, 产量, 干物质积累与分配

Abstract:

This study aimed to clarify the response of Avena sativa cv. Qingyan No. 1 to different drought stress treatments during crop development. We set up a pot experiment comprising different drought stress intensities (75%, 60%, 45% and 30% field water capacity) and times (0, 1, 2 and 3 times) with respect to crop development, to understand the effects on dry matter accumulation and allocation to plant organs and the changes in yield and yield components. Our results indicated that the plant traits were significantly decreased were length of spikelets (Ls), seed number per spikelet (SNs), seed weight per inflorescence (SWi), hundred kernel weight (HKW) and yield. Number of spikelets (Ns) and seed number per inflorescence (SNi) increased or decreased in different treatments, but empty floret number (Ef) did not show any significant difference between treatments. Dry matter accumulation was inhibited by drought stress, and the proportional allocation to stems and roots was higher than to spikelets under drought stress. The overall effects of differing severity of water deficit were as follows: Imposition of drought three times, moderate and severe stress intensity had the greatest influence. With respect to timing of drought, stress applied at seedling-joint stage, booting-heading stage and flowering-milk stage drought (SM) and seedling-joint stage, booting-heading stage (SH) had the greatest influence. Correlation analysis and path analysis of various indicators found that Ns, SNi, SNs, SWi, HKW, Ls, dry weight of spikelets, dry weight of stem, dry weight of root, dry weight of leaf, spikelet distribution index and yield as having significant positive correlations, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.368 to 0.922. The stem distribution index, root distribution index and leaf distribution index were negatively correlated with yield, with correlation coefficients ranging from -0.673 to -0.299. Ef displayed a small non-significant negative correlation with yield (-0.021). Path analysis found that SWi, HKW and SNi had important effects on increase of oat yield.

Key words: oat, drought stress, yield, dry matter accumulation and distribution