草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 177-188.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020168
收稿日期:
2020-04-13
修回日期:
2020-07-08
出版日期:
2021-03-20
发布日期:
2021-03-09
通讯作者:
刘文辉
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: qhliuwenhui@163.com基金资助:
Kai-qiang LIU(), Wen-hui LIU(), Zhi-feng JIA, Guo-ling LIANG, Xiang MA
Received:
2020-04-13
Revised:
2020-07-08
Online:
2021-03-20
Published:
2021-03-09
Contact:
Wen-hui LIU
摘要:
为探究‘青燕1号’燕麦对不同干旱胁迫方式的响应变化,在盆栽试验条件下,采用不同干旱胁迫程度和胁迫次数处理,研究燕麦各器官干物质积累与分配及产量和产量因子的变化规律。结果显示:燕麦穗长、小穗粒数、单序籽粒重、百粒重和产量下降明显,小穗数、穗粒数有增有减,而空铃数无明显变化;干旱胁迫抑制了器官干物质积累,其中分配比例以茎和根部转移相对较多,穗部较少。从整体水平来看,不同胁迫程度和胁迫次数影响大小表现为:3次、中度和重度胁迫影响较大;不同胁迫时期变化下以苗期-拔节期、孕穗-抽穗期、开花-乳熟期干旱(SM)时期和苗期-拔节期、孕穗-抽穗期干旱(SH)影响最大。不同干旱胁迫下各指标相关性分析及通径分析得出,燕麦小穗数、穗粒数、小穗粒数、单序籽粒重、百粒重、穗长、穗干重、茎干重、根干重、叶干重、穗分配指数与产量呈显著正相关关系,相关系数在0.368~0.922,而茎分配指数、根分配指数、叶分配指数与产量呈负相关关系,相关系数在-0.673~-0.299,空铃数与产量为负相关关系,但未达到显著水平,为-0.021;通径分析发现,单序籽粒重、百粒重、穗粒数对燕麦产量增产具有重要作用。
刘凯强, 刘文辉, 贾志锋, 梁国玲, 马祥. 干旱胁迫对‘青燕1号’燕麦产量及干物质积累与分配的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(3): 177-188.
Kai-qiang LIU, Wen-hui LIU, Zhi-feng JIA, Guo-ling LIANG, Xiang MA. Effects of drought stress on yield and dry matter accumulation and distribution of Avena sativa cv. Qingyan No.1[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(3): 177-188.
处理 Treatments | 胁迫程度Stress degree | 胁迫次数Stress times | 胁迫时期Stress period | 代码 Code |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 75% | 0 | CK | T1 |
2 | 60% | 1 | ST | T2 |
3 | 45% | 1 | ST | T3 |
4 | 30% | 1 | ST | T4 |
5 | 60% | 2 | SF | T5 |
6 | 45% | 2 | SF | T6 |
7 | 30% | 2 | SF | T7 |
8 | 60% | 2 | SH | T8 |
9 | 45% | 2 | SH | T9 |
10 | 30% | 2 | SH | T10 |
11 | 60% | 3 | SM | T11 |
12 | 45% | 3 | SM | T12 |
13 | 30% | 3 | SM | T13 |
表1 干旱胁迫试验处理
Table 1 Treatments of drought stress
处理 Treatments | 胁迫程度Stress degree | 胁迫次数Stress times | 胁迫时期Stress period | 代码 Code |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 75% | 0 | CK | T1 |
2 | 60% | 1 | ST | T2 |
3 | 45% | 1 | ST | T3 |
4 | 30% | 1 | ST | T4 |
5 | 60% | 2 | SF | T5 |
6 | 45% | 2 | SF | T6 |
7 | 30% | 2 | SF | T7 |
8 | 60% | 2 | SH | T8 |
9 | 45% | 2 | SH | T9 |
10 | 30% | 2 | SH | T10 |
11 | 60% | 3 | SM | T11 |
12 | 45% | 3 | SM | T12 |
13 | 30% | 3 | SM | T13 |
因素Factors | 穗长Ls | 小穗数Ns | 穗粒数SNi | 小穗粒数SNs | 单序籽粒重SWi | 空铃数Ef | 百粒重HKW | 产量 Yield |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
胁迫程度Stress degree (SD) | 28.111** | 23.949** | 52.099** | 0.066 | 52.368** | 0.482 | 52.247** | 40.760** |
胁迫次数Stress times (ST) | 81.164** | 74.228** | 193.302** | 2.130 | 274.140** | 0.038 | 45.883** | 83.219** |
胁迫程度×胁迫次数SD×ST | 1.901 | 1.601 | 1.361 | 1.550 | 8.625** | 0.263 | 2.934* | 4.670** |
表2 干旱胁迫对燕麦产量及产量因子影响的方差分析
Table 2 The variance analysis of effects on yield and yield components of oat under drought stress
因素Factors | 穗长Ls | 小穗数Ns | 穗粒数SNi | 小穗粒数SNs | 单序籽粒重SWi | 空铃数Ef | 百粒重HKW | 产量 Yield |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
胁迫程度Stress degree (SD) | 28.111** | 23.949** | 52.099** | 0.066 | 52.368** | 0.482 | 52.247** | 40.760** |
胁迫次数Stress times (ST) | 81.164** | 74.228** | 193.302** | 2.130 | 274.140** | 0.038 | 45.883** | 83.219** |
胁迫程度×胁迫次数SD×ST | 1.901 | 1.601 | 1.361 | 1.550 | 8.625** | 0.263 | 2.934* | 4.670** |
图1 不同胁迫程度和次数对燕麦产量及产量构成因子相对值的影响不同小写字母表示同一胁迫程度下各胁迫次数间差异显著(P<0.05);大写字母表示同一胁迫次数下各胁迫程度间差异显著(P<0.05)。
Fig.1 Effects of different drought stress degree and times on relative values of yield and yield components in oatDifferent lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different stress times under the same stress degree (P<0.05); Capital letters indicate significant differences among different stress degrees under the same stress time (P<0.05).
图2 不同干旱胁迫对燕麦产量及产量构成因子的影响不同小写字母表示不同干旱胁迫处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among different drought stress treatments (P<0.05).
Fig.2 Effects of different drought stress on yield and yield components of oat
因素 Factors | 穗干重 DWs | 茎干重 DWst | 根干重 DWr | 叶干重 DWl | 穗分配指数SDi | 茎分配指数DIs | 根分配指数RDi | 叶分配指数LDi |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
胁迫程度Stress degree (SD) | 84.811** | 354.565** | 41.090** | 313.055** | 17.422** | 8.227** | 15.324** | 17.904** |
胁迫次数Stress times (ST) | 127.021** | 759.021** | 60.370** | 1340.744** | 17.997** | 4.176* | 49.233** | 6.208** |
胁迫程度×胁迫次数SD×ST | 7.324** | 38.519** | 10.476** | 40.770** | 2.355 | 1.722 | 6.470** | 5.537** |
表3 干旱胁迫对燕麦干物质分配与积累影响的方差分析
Table 3 The variance analysis of effects on dry matter accumulation and distribution of oat under drought stress
因素 Factors | 穗干重 DWs | 茎干重 DWst | 根干重 DWr | 叶干重 DWl | 穗分配指数SDi | 茎分配指数DIs | 根分配指数RDi | 叶分配指数LDi |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
胁迫程度Stress degree (SD) | 84.811** | 354.565** | 41.090** | 313.055** | 17.422** | 8.227** | 15.324** | 17.904** |
胁迫次数Stress times (ST) | 127.021** | 759.021** | 60.370** | 1340.744** | 17.997** | 4.176* | 49.233** | 6.208** |
胁迫程度×胁迫次数SD×ST | 7.324** | 38.519** | 10.476** | 40.770** | 2.355 | 1.722 | 6.470** | 5.537** |
指标 Index | 胁迫次数Stress time | 胁迫程度Stress degree | 指标 Index | 胁迫次数 Stress time | 胁迫程度Stress degree | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
60%FWC | 45%FWC | 30%FWC | 60%FWC | 45%FWC | 30%FWC | ||||
穗干重DWs | 1 | 0.73Aa | 0.54Ba | 0.31Ca | 穗分配指数SDi | 1 | 0.86Aa | 0.78Bab | 0.71Ca |
2 | 0.39Ab | 0.29Bb | 0.21Cb | 2 | 0.85Aa | 0.85Aa | 0.75Aa | ||
3 | 0.29Ac | 0.14Bc | 0.09Cc | 3 | 0.78Aa | 0.67Bb | 0.48Cb | ||
茎干重DWst | 1 | 1.03Aa | 0.82Ba | 0.52Ca | 茎分配指数DIs | 1 | 1.18Aa | 1.14Aa | 1.16Aa |
2 | 0.55Ab | 0.36Bb | 0.32Bb | 2 | 1.16Aa | 1.04Bb | 1.14Aa | ||
3 | 0.45Ac | 0.23Bc | 0.23Bc | 3 | 1.16Ba | 1.11Ba | 1.22Aa | ||
根干重DWr | 1 | 0.91Aa | 0.93Aa | 0.56Ba | 根分配指数RDi | 1 | 1.21Ab | 1.50Ab | 1.38Ab |
2 | 0.55ABc | 0.59Ab | 0.46Ba | 2 | 1.33Bb | 1.94Aa | 1.85Aa | ||
3 | 0.68Ab | 0.38Bc | 0.32Bb | 3 | 2.00Aa | 2.04Aa | 1.96Aa | ||
叶干重DWl | 1 | 0.77Aa | 0.69Ba | 0.47Ca | 叶分配指数LDi | 1 | 0.87Ca | 0.97Ba | 1.04Aa |
2 | 0.42Ab | 0.31Bb | 0.26Cb | 2 | 0.90Aa | 0.90Aa | 0.91Ab | ||
3 | 0.32Ac | 0.22Bc | 0.22Cc | 3 | 0.83Ca | 1.01Ba | 1.13Aa |
表4 不同胁迫程度和次数对燕麦器官干物质积累及分配相对值的影响
Table 4 Effects of different drought stress degree and times on relative values of dry matter accumulation and distribution in oat
指标 Index | 胁迫次数Stress time | 胁迫程度Stress degree | 指标 Index | 胁迫次数 Stress time | 胁迫程度Stress degree | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
60%FWC | 45%FWC | 30%FWC | 60%FWC | 45%FWC | 30%FWC | ||||
穗干重DWs | 1 | 0.73Aa | 0.54Ba | 0.31Ca | 穗分配指数SDi | 1 | 0.86Aa | 0.78Bab | 0.71Ca |
2 | 0.39Ab | 0.29Bb | 0.21Cb | 2 | 0.85Aa | 0.85Aa | 0.75Aa | ||
3 | 0.29Ac | 0.14Bc | 0.09Cc | 3 | 0.78Aa | 0.67Bb | 0.48Cb | ||
茎干重DWst | 1 | 1.03Aa | 0.82Ba | 0.52Ca | 茎分配指数DIs | 1 | 1.18Aa | 1.14Aa | 1.16Aa |
2 | 0.55Ab | 0.36Bb | 0.32Bb | 2 | 1.16Aa | 1.04Bb | 1.14Aa | ||
3 | 0.45Ac | 0.23Bc | 0.23Bc | 3 | 1.16Ba | 1.11Ba | 1.22Aa | ||
根干重DWr | 1 | 0.91Aa | 0.93Aa | 0.56Ba | 根分配指数RDi | 1 | 1.21Ab | 1.50Ab | 1.38Ab |
2 | 0.55ABc | 0.59Ab | 0.46Ba | 2 | 1.33Bb | 1.94Aa | 1.85Aa | ||
3 | 0.68Ab | 0.38Bc | 0.32Bb | 3 | 2.00Aa | 2.04Aa | 1.96Aa | ||
叶干重DWl | 1 | 0.77Aa | 0.69Ba | 0.47Ca | 叶分配指数LDi | 1 | 0.87Ca | 0.97Ba | 1.04Aa |
2 | 0.42Ab | 0.31Bb | 0.26Cb | 2 | 0.90Aa | 0.90Aa | 0.91Ab | ||
3 | 0.32Ac | 0.22Bc | 0.22Cc | 3 | 0.83Ca | 1.01Ba | 1.13Aa |
处理 Treatments | 穗干重 DWs (g·3 plant-1) | 茎干重 DWst (g·3 plant-1) | 根干重 DWr (g·3 plant-1) | 叶干重 DWl (g·3 plant-1) | 穗分配指数 SDi | 茎分配指数 DIs | 根分配指数 RDi | 叶分配指数LDi |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 2.47a | 2.74a | 1.66a | 0.49a | 0.33a | 0.38h | 0.07cde | 0.23bc |
T2 | 1.79b | 2.82a | 1.28b | 0.45a | 0.28bc | 0.45b | 0.07cde | 0.20de |
T3 | 1.32c | 2.23b | 1.15c | 0.45a | 0.26cd | 0.43cde | 0.09bc | 0.22bc |
T4 | 0.76fg | 1.41d | 0.78d | 0.27cd | 0.23d | 0.44bcd | 0.08bcd | 0.24b |
T5 | 1.08d | 1.44d | 0.75d | 0.30bc | 0.30ab | 0.41efg | 0.08bcd | 0.21cd |
T6 | 0.93de | 1.16e | 0.54f | 0.34b | 0.31ab | 0.39gh | 0.12a | 0.18f |
T7 | 0.62gh | 0.92f | 0.42g | 0.27cd | 0.28bc | 0.41efg | 0.12a | 0.19ef |
T8 | 0.84ef | 1.56c | 0.65e | 0.24d | 0.26cd | 0.47a | 0.07cde | 0.20de |
T9 | 0.52hi | 0.82g | 0.49f | 0.24d | 0.25cd | 0.40gh | 0.11a | 0.23bc |
T10 | 0.41ij | 0.85fg | 0.43g | 0.18e | 0.22d | 0.46ab | 0.10b | 0.23bc |
T11 | 0.71fg | 1.23e | 0.53f | 0.33b | 0.26cd | 0.44bcd | 0.12a | 0.19ef |
T12 | 0.34jk | 0.64h | 0.36h | 0.19e | 0.22d | 0.42def | 0.12a | 0.23bc |
T13 | 0.22k | 0.64h | 0.36h | 0.16e | 0.16e | 0.46ab | 0.12a | 0.26a |
表5 不同干旱胁迫对燕麦器官干物质积累及分配的影响
Table 5 Effects of drought stress on dry matter accumulation and distribution of oat
处理 Treatments | 穗干重 DWs (g·3 plant-1) | 茎干重 DWst (g·3 plant-1) | 根干重 DWr (g·3 plant-1) | 叶干重 DWl (g·3 plant-1) | 穗分配指数 SDi | 茎分配指数 DIs | 根分配指数 RDi | 叶分配指数LDi |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 2.47a | 2.74a | 1.66a | 0.49a | 0.33a | 0.38h | 0.07cde | 0.23bc |
T2 | 1.79b | 2.82a | 1.28b | 0.45a | 0.28bc | 0.45b | 0.07cde | 0.20de |
T3 | 1.32c | 2.23b | 1.15c | 0.45a | 0.26cd | 0.43cde | 0.09bc | 0.22bc |
T4 | 0.76fg | 1.41d | 0.78d | 0.27cd | 0.23d | 0.44bcd | 0.08bcd | 0.24b |
T5 | 1.08d | 1.44d | 0.75d | 0.30bc | 0.30ab | 0.41efg | 0.08bcd | 0.21cd |
T6 | 0.93de | 1.16e | 0.54f | 0.34b | 0.31ab | 0.39gh | 0.12a | 0.18f |
T7 | 0.62gh | 0.92f | 0.42g | 0.27cd | 0.28bc | 0.41efg | 0.12a | 0.19ef |
T8 | 0.84ef | 1.56c | 0.65e | 0.24d | 0.26cd | 0.47a | 0.07cde | 0.20de |
T9 | 0.52hi | 0.82g | 0.49f | 0.24d | 0.25cd | 0.40gh | 0.11a | 0.23bc |
T10 | 0.41ij | 0.85fg | 0.43g | 0.18e | 0.22d | 0.46ab | 0.10b | 0.23bc |
T11 | 0.71fg | 1.23e | 0.53f | 0.33b | 0.26cd | 0.44bcd | 0.12a | 0.19ef |
T12 | 0.34jk | 0.64h | 0.36h | 0.19e | 0.22d | 0.42def | 0.12a | 0.23bc |
T13 | 0.22k | 0.64h | 0.36h | 0.16e | 0.16e | 0.46ab | 0.12a | 0.26a |
指标 Index | 小穗数 Ns | 穗粒数 SNi | 小穗粒数SNs | 单序籽粒重SWi | 空铃数 Ef | 百粒重HKW | 穗长 Ls | 穗干重DWs | 茎干重DWst | 根干重DWr | 叶干重DWl | 穗分配指数SDi | 茎分配指数DIs | 根分配指数RDi | 叶分配指数LDi |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
穗粒数SNi | 0.856** | ||||||||||||||
小穗粒数SNs | -0.057 | 0.446** | |||||||||||||
单序籽粒重SWi | 0.768** | 0.927** | 0.455** | ||||||||||||
空铃数Ef | 0.050 | -0.001 | -0.105 | -0.017 | |||||||||||
百粒重HKW | 0.742** | 0.835** | 0.371** | 0.871** | 0.024 | ||||||||||
穗长Ls | 0.722** | 0.893** | 0.477** | 0.925** | -0.034 | 0.911** | |||||||||
穗干重DWs | 0.628** | 0.872** | 0.576** | 0.922** | -0.025 | 0.870** | 0.938** | ||||||||
茎干重DWst | 0.754** | 0.931** | 0.459** | 0.935** | 0.000 | 0.862** | 0.892** | 0.938** | |||||||
根干重DWr | 0.739** | 0.870** | 0.390** | 0.904** | 0.001 | 0.808** | 0.862** | 0.883** | 0.890** | ||||||
叶干重DWl | 0.657** | 0.888** | 0.558** | 0.946** | 0.002 | 0.864** | 0.921** | 0.961** | 0.961** | 0.866** | * | ||||
穗分配指SDi | 0.516** | 0.642** | 0.373** | 0.615** | -0.044 | 0.651** | 0.712** | 0.733** | 0.565** | 0.667** | 0.554** | ||||
茎分配指DIs | -0.076 | -0.233 | -0.370** | -0.277* | -0.022 | -0.260 | -0.415** | -0.408** | -0.123 | -0.370** | -0.265 | -0.704** | |||
根分配指RDi | -0.571** | -0.731** | -0.419** | -0.713** | 0.015 | -0.731** | -0.716** | -0.730** | -0.778** | -0.472** | -0.785** | -0.394** | -0.049 | ||
叶分配指数LDi | -0.345* | -0.263 | 0.098 | -0.182 | 0.067 | -0.231 | -0.205 | -0.230 | -0.201 | -0.366** | -0.022 | -0.654** | 0.199 | -0.082 | |
产量Yield | 0.831** | 0.921** | 0.368** | 0.922** | -0.021 | 0.911** | 0.908** | 0.868** | 0.878** | 0.883** | 0.839** | 0.752** | -0.299* | -0.673** | -0.429** |
表6 不同干旱胁迫下燕麦产量与产量因子的相关性分析
Table 6 Correlation analysis of yield and yield components of oat under different drought stresses
指标 Index | 小穗数 Ns | 穗粒数 SNi | 小穗粒数SNs | 单序籽粒重SWi | 空铃数 Ef | 百粒重HKW | 穗长 Ls | 穗干重DWs | 茎干重DWst | 根干重DWr | 叶干重DWl | 穗分配指数SDi | 茎分配指数DIs | 根分配指数RDi | 叶分配指数LDi |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
穗粒数SNi | 0.856** | ||||||||||||||
小穗粒数SNs | -0.057 | 0.446** | |||||||||||||
单序籽粒重SWi | 0.768** | 0.927** | 0.455** | ||||||||||||
空铃数Ef | 0.050 | -0.001 | -0.105 | -0.017 | |||||||||||
百粒重HKW | 0.742** | 0.835** | 0.371** | 0.871** | 0.024 | ||||||||||
穗长Ls | 0.722** | 0.893** | 0.477** | 0.925** | -0.034 | 0.911** | |||||||||
穗干重DWs | 0.628** | 0.872** | 0.576** | 0.922** | -0.025 | 0.870** | 0.938** | ||||||||
茎干重DWst | 0.754** | 0.931** | 0.459** | 0.935** | 0.000 | 0.862** | 0.892** | 0.938** | |||||||
根干重DWr | 0.739** | 0.870** | 0.390** | 0.904** | 0.001 | 0.808** | 0.862** | 0.883** | 0.890** | ||||||
叶干重DWl | 0.657** | 0.888** | 0.558** | 0.946** | 0.002 | 0.864** | 0.921** | 0.961** | 0.961** | 0.866** | * | ||||
穗分配指SDi | 0.516** | 0.642** | 0.373** | 0.615** | -0.044 | 0.651** | 0.712** | 0.733** | 0.565** | 0.667** | 0.554** | ||||
茎分配指DIs | -0.076 | -0.233 | -0.370** | -0.277* | -0.022 | -0.260 | -0.415** | -0.408** | -0.123 | -0.370** | -0.265 | -0.704** | |||
根分配指RDi | -0.571** | -0.731** | -0.419** | -0.713** | 0.015 | -0.731** | -0.716** | -0.730** | -0.778** | -0.472** | -0.785** | -0.394** | -0.049 | ||
叶分配指数LDi | -0.345* | -0.263 | 0.098 | -0.182 | 0.067 | -0.231 | -0.205 | -0.230 | -0.201 | -0.366** | -0.022 | -0.654** | 0.199 | -0.082 | |
产量Yield | 0.831** | 0.921** | 0.368** | 0.922** | -0.021 | 0.911** | 0.908** | 0.868** | 0.878** | 0.883** | 0.839** | 0.752** | -0.299* | -0.673** | -0.429** |
因子 Factors | 相关系数 Correlation coefficient | 直接作用 Direct action | 间接作用 Indirect action | 合计 Sum | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
→SWi | →LDi | →HKW | →SNi | →DWst | ||||
单序籽粒重SWi | 0.922 | 0.442 | - | 0.078 | 0.793 | 0.854 | 0.821 | 2.546 |
叶分配指数LDi | -0.429 | -0.213 | -0.168 | - | -0.210 | -0.242 | -0.176 | -0.797 |
百粒重HKW | 0.911 | 0.391 | 0.803 | 0.099 | - | 0.769 | 0.757 | 2.428 |
穗粒数SNi | 0.921 | 0.371 | 0.855 | 0.113 | 0.761 | - | 0.817 | 2.546 |
茎干重DWst | 0.878 | -0.261 | 0.862 | 0.086 | 0.785 | 0.857 | - | 2.590 |
表7 不同干旱胁迫下燕麦产量与产量因子的通径分析
Table 7 Path analysis of yield and yield components of oat under different drought stresses
因子 Factors | 相关系数 Correlation coefficient | 直接作用 Direct action | 间接作用 Indirect action | 合计 Sum | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
→SWi | →LDi | →HKW | →SNi | →DWst | ||||
单序籽粒重SWi | 0.922 | 0.442 | - | 0.078 | 0.793 | 0.854 | 0.821 | 2.546 |
叶分配指数LDi | -0.429 | -0.213 | -0.168 | - | -0.210 | -0.242 | -0.176 | -0.797 |
百粒重HKW | 0.911 | 0.391 | 0.803 | 0.099 | - | 0.769 | 0.757 | 2.428 |
穗粒数SNi | 0.921 | 0.371 | 0.855 | 0.113 | 0.761 | - | 0.817 | 2.546 |
茎干重DWst | 0.878 | -0.261 | 0.862 | 0.086 | 0.785 | 0.857 | - | 2.590 |
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