青藏高原老芒麦落粒性及农艺性状相关性研究

doi:10.11686/cyxb2020170

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究青藏高原地区抗落粒老芒麦种质的筛选及落粒率与农艺性状的关系，以15份采自青海不同地区的老芒麦种质资源为研究对象，对老芒麦的落粒率和农艺性状进行了变异分析、相关性分析、主成分分析、回归分析和聚类分析。结果表明：1）15份老芒麦资源自然落粒率存在明显差异，其中17-124的落粒最严重，平均落粒率为56.92%。以17-064和17-050的抗落粒性最强，落粒率分别为17.54%和18.63%，且各资源间落粒性存在较大遗传差异。2）各资源的动态落粒率表明从乳熟后第3天至第15天落粒率不断增加，且各时期存在极显著差异（P<0.01）。3）从各材料落粒率与农艺性状相关性分析结果来看，落粒率与小穗数呈极显著正相关（P<0.01），相关系数为0.437。与穗轴节数、花序长、小穗宽和外稃长呈显著相关（P<0.05），而与花序宽呈极显著负相关（P<0.01），与芒长呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。综合主成分分析和回归分析结果，小穗数、芒长和花序宽是影响落粒率的主要因素。4）15份资源通过农艺性状与落粒率被聚为4类，第Ⅰ类群平均落粒率较高，为41.24%，但小穗数多，单序籽粒数多；第Ⅱ类群和第Ⅳ类群落粒率低，仅为18.63%和17.54%，可作为低落粒种质筛选的候选材料；第Ⅲ类群平均落粒率高达42.41%，小穗数较多，单序籽粒数最少。

关键词: 青藏高原, 老芒麦, 落粒性, 农艺性状

Abstract:

This research screened Elymus sibiricus germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau for anti-shattering traits and investigated the relationship between the degree of shattering and agronomic traits. Fifteen E. sibiricus germplasm lines collected in different regions of Qinghai were studied. Analysis of variance， correlation， principal component， regression and cluster analyses were carried out to evaluate the association between agronomic traits and the degree of shattering of E. sibiricus. The results showed that： 1） There were significant differences in natural shattering rate between the 15 E. sibiricus germplasm lines. A line numbered 17-124 had the most severe shattering， with an average rate of 56.92%. Lines numbered 17-064 and 17-050 had the strongest shattering resistance， with rates of 17.54% and 18.63%， respectively， and there was a large genetic difference between the germplasm lines. 2） Repeated measurements over time indicate that the shattering in each germplasm line indicates that the shattering rate continues to increase from the third day to the fifteenth day after the ‘milk’ stage of grain ripening， and there were extremely significant differences in shattering between maturity stages （P<0.01）. 3） There was a significant positive correlation （coefficient 0.437， P<0.01） between the number of spikelets and the shattering rate. There were also significant positive correlations between the fringe number， length of inflorescence， spikelet width and lemma length and shattering （P<0.05）， an extremely significant negative correlation between inflorescence width （P<0.01）， and a significant negative correlation between awn length and shattering （P<0.05）. Combining the results of principal component analysis and regression analysis， number of spikelets， awn length and inflorescence width were the main factors that affected the shattering rate. 4） The 15 germplasm lines were clustered into 4 groups by agronomic traits and shattering rate： Group Ⅰ included the genotypes which exhibited a high shattering rate averaging 41.24%， together with a high number of spikelets and seeds per inflorescence； Group Ⅱ and Group Ⅳ included genotypes with low shattering rates averaging only 18.63% and 17.54%， respectively. These can be used as candidate materials for screening of low-shattering germplasm； Group Ⅲ included genotypes with a high shattering rate averaging 42.41%， and with a high number of spikelets per spike， but with the least spikelets per inflorescence.

Key words: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Elymus sibiricus, seed shattering, agronomic traits

吴瑞, 刘文辉, 张永超, 秦燕, 魏小星, 刘敏洁. 青藏高原老芒麦落粒性及农艺性状相关性研究[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(4): 130-139.

Rui WU, Wen-hui LIU, Yong-chao ZHANG, Yan QIN, Xiao-xing WEI, Min-jie LIU. A study of the correlation between seed shattering and agronomic traits of Elymus sibiricus on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(4): 130-139.

图/表 8

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编号Number	采集地点 Origin	海拔 Altitude (m)	小生境 Microhabitat
16-167	海北州门源县皇城乡Huangcheng Township, Menyuan County, Haibei Prefecture	3350	公路旁、河边滩地Roadside, riverside beach
16-301	互助县南山峡镇磨尔沟村垭口 Pass of Moergou Village, Nanshanxia Town, Huzhu County	3040	山坡Hillside
16-033	海北州门源县青石嘴大通河 Datong River, Qingshizui, Menyuan County, Haibei Prefecture	2940	河边、路边Riverside, roadside
16-319	互助县南山峡镇磨尔沟村垭口 Pass of Moergou Village, Nanshanxia Town, Huzhu County	3040	山坡Hillside
16-032	海北州门源县青石嘴镇大通河 Datong River, Qingshizui Town, Menyuan County, Haibei Prefecture	2940	河边、路边Riverside, roadside
17-335	海南州贵德县大滩村Datan Village, Guide County, Hainan Prefecture	3251	山腰Mountainside
17-149	海南州贵德县新街回族乡 Xinjie Huizu Township, Guide County, Hainan Prefecture	3030	干旱草原(农区) Arid grassland (agricultural area)
17-051	海南州贵德西久公路大滩村Datan Village, Guide Xijiu Highway, Hainan Prefecture	3214	水渠沟、公路边Ditch, roadside
17-298	拉脊山山脚Foot of Laji Mountain	3162	路边、水渠Roadside, water channel
17-263	湟中县骟马台村Jingmatai Village, Huangzhong County	3077	公路边、渠边Roadside, canal side
17-244	湟中县上新庄镇地广村 Diguang Village, Shangxinzhuang Town, Huangzhong County	2880	路边围栏封育草场 Roadside fenced enclosed grassland
17-178	海南州贵德县贡科拜村Gongkebai Village, Guide County, Hainan Prefecture	2275	路边林下Roadside forest
17-124	湟中县上圈村Shangquan Village, Huangzhong County	2915	路边围栏内Inside the roadside fence
17-064	海南州贵德大滩村Guide Datan Village, Hainan Prefecture	3214	围栏封育草场内Enclosed in the fence
17-050	海南州贵德大滩村Guide Datan Village, Hainan Prefecture	3214	水渠沟、公路边Ditch, roadside

编号Number	采集地点 Origin	海拔 Altitude (m)	小生境 Microhabitat
16-167	海北州门源县皇城乡Huangcheng Township, Menyuan County, Haibei Prefecture	3350	公路旁、河边滩地Roadside, riverside beach
16-301	互助县南山峡镇磨尔沟村垭口 Pass of Moergou Village, Nanshanxia Town, Huzhu County	3040	山坡Hillside
16-033	海北州门源县青石嘴大通河 Datong River, Qingshizui, Menyuan County, Haibei Prefecture	2940	河边、路边Riverside, roadside
16-319	互助县南山峡镇磨尔沟村垭口 Pass of Moergou Village, Nanshanxia Town, Huzhu County	3040	山坡Hillside
16-032	海北州门源县青石嘴镇大通河 Datong River, Qingshizui Town, Menyuan County, Haibei Prefecture	2940	河边、路边Riverside, roadside
17-335	海南州贵德县大滩村Datan Village, Guide County, Hainan Prefecture	3251	山腰Mountainside
17-149	海南州贵德县新街回族乡 Xinjie Huizu Township, Guide County, Hainan Prefecture	3030	干旱草原(农区) Arid grassland (agricultural area)
17-051	海南州贵德西久公路大滩村Datan Village, Guide Xijiu Highway, Hainan Prefecture	3214	水渠沟、公路边Ditch, roadside
17-298	拉脊山山脚Foot of Laji Mountain	3162	路边、水渠Roadside, water channel
17-263	湟中县骟马台村Jingmatai Village, Huangzhong County	3077	公路边、渠边Roadside, canal side
17-244	湟中县上新庄镇地广村 Diguang Village, Shangxinzhuang Town, Huangzhong County	2880	路边围栏封育草场 Roadside fenced enclosed grassland
17-178	海南州贵德县贡科拜村Gongkebai Village, Guide County, Hainan Prefecture	2275	路边林下Roadside forest
17-124	湟中县上圈村Shangquan Village, Huangzhong County	2915	路边围栏内Inside the roadside fence
17-064	海南州贵德大滩村Guide Datan Village, Hainan Prefecture	3214	围栏封育草场内Enclosed in the fence
17-050	海南州贵德大滩村Guide Datan Village, Hainan Prefecture	3214	水渠沟、公路边Ditch, roadside

编号 Number	最大值 Max	最小值 Min	平均值 Average	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV
16-167	43.65	25.52	33.54	7.02	20.94
16-301	44.58	31.55	38.50	5.39	13.99
16-033	29.04	17.98	23.40	4.15	17.72
16-319	48.97	29.63	35.89	7.69	21.41
16-032	38.10	25.85	30.35	5.45	17.95
17-335	54.79	28.71	39.79	11.65	29.28
17-149	59.09	51.42	53.94	3.02	5.60
17-051	39.81	37.11	38.51	1.10	2.87
17-298	56.57	30.91	44.81	9.73	21.72
17-263	50.79	36.91	44.78	6.45	14.41
17-244	53.03	37.06	46.32	6.49	14.01
17-178	59.90	43.65	51.73	6.82	13.19
17-124	61.75	51.54	56.92	4.03	7.08
17-064	24.43	7.86	17.54	6.35	36.24
17-050	24.42	15.38	18.63	3.74	20.05

编号 Number	最大值 Max	最小值 Min	平均值 Average	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV
16-167	43.65	25.52	33.54	7.02	20.94
16-301	44.58	31.55	38.50	5.39	13.99
16-033	29.04	17.98	23.40	4.15	17.72
16-319	48.97	29.63	35.89	7.69	21.41
16-032	38.10	25.85	30.35	5.45	17.95
17-335	54.79	28.71	39.79	11.65	29.28
17-149	59.09	51.42	53.94	3.02	5.60
17-051	39.81	37.11	38.51	1.10	2.87
17-298	56.57	30.91	44.81	9.73	21.72
17-263	50.79	36.91	44.78	6.45	14.41
17-244	53.03	37.06	46.32	6.49	14.01
17-178	59.90	43.65	51.73	6.82	13.19
17-124	61.75	51.54	56.92	4.03	7.08
17-064	24.43	7.86	17.54	6.35	36.24
17-050	24.42	15.38	18.63	3.74	20.05

编号 Number	动态落粒率Dynamic shattering rate (%)					F
编号 Number	3 d	6 d	9 d	12 d	15 d	F
16-167	20.11±10.24Babcde	28.84±22.42Bbcde	54.49±2.15Aa	58.86±27.77Aa	58.44±5.77Aa	5.912**
16-301	22.80±9.42Cabcd	33.42±7.56Bbcd	41.56±7.09ABbc	46.15±6.53Aabc	44.28±6.71Ade	8.146**
16-033	16.82±2.92Cbcdef	26.85±5.75Bbcdef	28.51±4.26Bdef	34.59±9.68Bc	53.64±5.74Aabc	24.947**
16-319	9.63±3.90Dfg	15.40±1.84Cfg	26.94±3.75Befg	32.78±4.74Ac	37.80±5.57Ae	40.244**
16-032	20.68±3.00Cabcde	26.42±3.94BCbcdef	29.43±8.10Bdef	31.25±2.90Bc	42.86±7.10Ade	11.201**
17-335	11.11±5.16Defg	25.85±7.29Ccdef	34.99±6.29Bcde	37.36±6.63Bc	50.60±2.24Aabcd	31.878**
17-149	27.05±11.96Ba	38.27±7.88Bab	55.91±12.12Aa	52.95±11.57Aab	59.55±7.04Aa	8.706**
17-051	12.95±7.86Cdefg	18.93±3.68Cefg	19.38±3.13Cg	37.96±6.35Bbc	48.17±5.04Abcd	36.760**
17-298	15.68±5.91Ccdefg	21.74±7.99BCdefg	30.16±5.15ABdef	32.33±7.20Ac	39.55±10.63Ae	7.484**
17-263	6.52±4.08Cg	12.13±3.67Cg	45.61±4.67ABb	41.54±14.72Bbc	54.95±7.25Aab	35.944**
17-244	25.87±5.31Cab	45.50±6.51Ba	40.32±2.25Bbc	53.09±6.36Aab	53.96±4.38Aabc	24.302**
17-178	23.76±4.41Cabc	23.19±5.68Cdefg	24.52±2.61Cfg	39.93±8.04Bbc	57.10±5.53Aa	35.751**
17-124	21.11±4.18Babcd	36.76±6.33Babc	36.91±4.29Bcd	40.13±6.99Abc	46.09±7.15Acde	12.150**
17-064	10.96±4.17Befg	13.66±9.92Bg	28.82±9.13Adef	38.21±7.52Abc	38.54±4.07Ae	15.911**
17-050	18.67±9.24Dabcdef	23.18±3.06CDdefg	28.18±2.58BCef	34.38±4.30Bc	56.25±2.60Aab	42.681**
F值F value	4.325**	6.385**	16.502**	3.186**	7.511**	425.769**
平均值Average	17.58±1.15D	26.01±2.19C	35.05±0.82B	40.77±1.26B	49.45±0.82A	31.390**