草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (8): 36-48.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020292
收稿日期:
2020-06-24
修回日期:
2020-08-04
出版日期:
2021-07-09
发布日期:
2021-07-09
通讯作者:
宋彦涛
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: yantaosong@dlnu.edu.cn基金资助:
Jing-dong ZHAO(), Yan-tao SONG(), Xin-lei XU, Wuyunna
Received:
2020-06-24
Revised:
2020-08-04
Online:
2021-07-09
Published:
2021-07-09
Contact:
Yan-tao SONG
摘要:
施氮和刈割是天然草地有效管理方式。为探究退化草地高效利用方式,以辽宁省西北部农牧交错区退化草地为研究对象,设置氮肥添加(0、10 g N·m-2·a-1)和刈割处理(留茬高度3、6、12 cm、不刈割),通过连续两年测定牧草产量和22项牧草品质指标,分析施氮和刈割对辽西北退化草地牧草产量和品质的影响。结果表明:1)施氮显著提高了2018和2019年产草量、粗蛋白和2019年牧草产奶净能、维持净能、增重净能、总可消化养分、奶吨指数,极显著降低了2019年酸性洗涤纤维含量,对退化草地牧草产量、净能以及养分含量的提升均有促进作用。2)刈割显著影响了2018和2019年牧草中性洗涤纤维、钙元素、磷元素含量、体外干物质消化率和相对饲喂价值,2018年粗灰分、镁元素含量以及2019年非纤维性碳水化合物、维持净能、增重净能、总可消化养分和相对饲草品质,在对退化草地进行适度利用的同时牧草品质也有较大提升。3)施氮和刈割交互作用对退化草地牧草粗蛋白、粗灰分、产奶净能以及奶吨指数有显著影响。4)牧草粗灰分、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维、可消化中性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维消化率、镁元素、产奶净能、维持净能、增重净能、奶吨指数、总可消化养分以及相对饲喂价值共12项营养品质指标与粗蛋白之间存在显著相关关系。研究表明,施氮和刈割作为退化草地的有效管理和利用方式,单独作用或交互作用均对牧草产量和品质的提升有不同程度的正向反馈,其中以施氮结合留茬3 cm刈割处理下牧草产量和品质最高,可为退化草地的合理利用和可持续发展提供理论参考。
赵京东, 宋彦涛, 徐鑫磊, 乌云娜. 施氮和刈割对辽西北退化草地牧草产量和品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(8): 36-48.
Jing-dong ZHAO, Yan-tao SONG, Xin-lei XU, Wuyunna. Effects of nitrogen application and mowing on yield and quality of forage in degraded grassland in northwest Liaoning Province[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(8): 36-48.
图1 2018和2019年施氮和刈割对产草量的影响*表示施氮与不施氮间差异显著(P<0.05)。 下同。* indicates significant difference between nitrogen application and non-nitrogen application (P<0.05). The same below.
Fig.1 Effect of nitrogen application and mowing on forage yield in 2018 and 2019
指标 Index | 年份 Year (Y) | 施氮 Fertilization (F) | 刈割 Mowing (M) | 年份×施氮 Y×F | 年份×刈割 Y×M | 施氮×刈割 F×M | 年份×施氮×刈割 Y×F×M |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
粗蛋白CP | ns | *** | ns | ** | ns | ** | ns |
粗灰分Ash | ns | ** | ** | ns | ns | ** | ns |
木质素Lignin | ** | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
粗脂肪EE | * | ns | * | ns | ns | ns | ns |
可溶性碳水化合物 WSC | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
非纤维性碳水化合物 NFC | ** | ns | * | ns | ns | ns | ns |
酸性洗涤纤维ADF | * | *** | ns | * | ns | ns | ns |
中性洗涤纤维NDF | * | ns | ** | ns | ns | ns | ns |
表1 2018和2019年施氮和刈割对牧草营养成分含量的方差分析
Table 1 Variance analysis of nutrient composition content of herbage by nitrogen application and mowing in 2018 and 2019
指标 Index | 年份 Year (Y) | 施氮 Fertilization (F) | 刈割 Mowing (M) | 年份×施氮 Y×F | 年份×刈割 Y×M | 施氮×刈割 F×M | 年份×施氮×刈割 Y×F×M |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
粗蛋白CP | ns | *** | ns | ** | ns | ** | ns |
粗灰分Ash | ns | ** | ** | ns | ns | ** | ns |
木质素Lignin | ** | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
粗脂肪EE | * | ns | * | ns | ns | ns | ns |
可溶性碳水化合物 WSC | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
非纤维性碳水化合物 NFC | ** | ns | * | ns | ns | ns | ns |
酸性洗涤纤维ADF | * | *** | ns | * | ns | ns | ns |
中性洗涤纤维NDF | * | ns | ** | ns | ns | ns | ns |
图2 2018和2019年施氮和刈割对牧草营养成分的影响不同大写字母表示刈割处理间差异显著(P<0.05);不同小写字母表示施氮和刈割处理互作显著(P<0.05)。下同。Different capital letters indicate the significant differences among the cutting treatments (P<0.05); Different lowercase letters indicate significant interactions (P<0.05) between nitrogen application and clipping treatment. The same below.
Fig.2 Effect of nitrogen application and mowing on the nutrient composition of pasture in 2018 and 2019
指标 Index | 年份 Year (Y) | 施氮 Fertilization (F) | 刈割 Mowing (M) | 年份×施氮 Y×F | 年份×刈割 Y×M | 施氮×刈割 F×M | 年份×施氮×刈割 Y×F×M |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ca | ns | ns | ** | ns | ns | ns | ns |
P | ns | ns | *** | ns | ns | ns | ns |
K | * | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Mg | ns | ns | * | ns | ns | ns | ns |
表2 2018和2019年施氮和刈割对牧草矿质元素含量的方差分析
Table 2 Variance analysis of the content of mineral elements in herbage by nitrogen application and mowing in 2018 and 2019
指标 Index | 年份 Year (Y) | 施氮 Fertilization (F) | 刈割 Mowing (M) | 年份×施氮 Y×F | 年份×刈割 Y×M | 施氮×刈割 F×M | 年份×施氮×刈割 Y×F×M |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ca | ns | ns | ** | ns | ns | ns | ns |
P | ns | ns | *** | ns | ns | ns | ns |
K | * | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Mg | ns | ns | * | ns | ns | ns | ns |
指标 Index | 年份 Year (Y) | 施氮 Fertilization (F) | 刈割 Mowing (M) | 年份×施氮 Y×F | 年份×刈割 Y×M | 施氮×刈割 F×M | 年份×施氮×刈割 Y×F×M |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
可消化中性洗涤纤维dNDF | * | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
中性洗涤纤维消化率NDFD | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | * |
体外干物质消化率IVDMD | ** | ns | ** | ns | ns | ns | ns |
产奶净能NEL | ns | * | * | ns | ns | * | ns |
维持净能NEm | ns | * | ** | ns | ns | ns | ns |
增重净能NEg | ns | * | ** | ns | ns | ns | ns |
奶吨指数MT | ns | * | * | ns | ns | * | ns |
总可消化养分 TDN | ns | * | ** | * | ns | ns | ns |
相对饲草品质 RFQ | ns | ns | ** | ns | ns | ns | ns |
相对饲喂价值 RFV | ns | ns | ** | ns | ns | ns | ns |
表3 2018和2019年施氮和刈割对牧草饲喂价值含量的方差分析
Table 3 Analysis of variance of feed value content of herbage by nitrogen application and mowing in 2018 and 2019
指标 Index | 年份 Year (Y) | 施氮 Fertilization (F) | 刈割 Mowing (M) | 年份×施氮 Y×F | 年份×刈割 Y×M | 施氮×刈割 F×M | 年份×施氮×刈割 Y×F×M |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
可消化中性洗涤纤维dNDF | * | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
中性洗涤纤维消化率NDFD | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | * |
体外干物质消化率IVDMD | ** | ns | ** | ns | ns | ns | ns |
产奶净能NEL | ns | * | * | ns | ns | * | ns |
维持净能NEm | ns | * | ** | ns | ns | ns | ns |
增重净能NEg | ns | * | ** | ns | ns | ns | ns |
奶吨指数MT | ns | * | * | ns | ns | * | ns |
总可消化养分 TDN | ns | * | ** | * | ns | ns | ns |
相对饲草品质 RFQ | ns | ns | ** | ns | ns | ns | ns |
相对饲喂价值 RFV | ns | ns | ** | ns | ns | ns | ns |
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