草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 229-237.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020514
• 研究简报 • 上一篇
张永超(), 梁国玲, 秦燕, 刘文辉(), 贾志锋, 刘勇, 马祥
收稿日期:
2020-11-18
修回日期:
2021-02-02
出版日期:
2021-12-01
发布日期:
2021-12-01
通讯作者:
刘文辉
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: qhliuwenhui@163.com基金资助:
Yong-chao ZHANG(), Guo-ling LIANG, Yan QIN, Wen-hui LIU(), Zhi-feng JIA, Yong LIU, Xiang MA
Received:
2020-11-18
Revised:
2021-02-02
Online:
2021-12-01
Published:
2021-12-01
Contact:
Wen-hui LIU
摘要:
试验以青藏高原青海省高寒草地中广泛分布和退化草地补播改良中的常用牧草品种-青牧1号老芒麦为研究对象,分析老芒麦衰老过程中叶片叶绿素和光合作用变化特征及对养分的响应。在青藏高原东北部,青海湖湖东地区设置1~6龄老芒麦自然生长田,6龄老芒麦施肥田和老芒麦连续施肥田(6年)3个处理。从2015年开始,每年5月进行老芒麦种植,播量2.25 g·m-2,行距30 cm,小区面积15 m2 (3 m×5 m)。采用KONICA MINOLTA, INC公司的SPAD分析仪,每个处理随机选取10株健康植株,从旗叶开始从上往下依次测定3片叶子的叶绿素相对含量。采用LI-COR公司的LI-6400XT便携式光合作用测量系统,在老芒麦开花期(7月底-8月初),选择天气晴朗早上10:30-11:30,随机选取5株健康植株对其旗叶进行测量。结果表明:3龄时老芒麦叶片叶绿素相对含量出现降低趋势,6龄时老芒麦叶片出现了逆向衰老现象;随着老芒麦年龄增加,旗叶净光合速率持续降低,而胞间二氧化碳浓度呈上升趋势,气孔导度和蒸腾速率从3龄开始显著降低,且3~6龄间无显著差异;青牧1号老芒麦6龄田,氮肥和磷肥施入普遍提高老芒麦叶片叶绿素相对含量,且不同部位叶片叶绿素相对含量(33.30%~48.23%)均显著高于对照组(27.05%~30.72%),叶片逆向衰老现象在高氮处理下得到缓解,氮肥和磷肥施入普遍提高老芒麦叶片净光合速率,N(60 kg·hm-2)处理下叶片净光合速率最高(10.77 μmol·m-2·s-1);青牧1号老芒麦在连续施肥6年处理下,低氮(45 kg·hm-2)施肥下叶片叶绿素相对含量较高,磷肥对保持老芒麦叶片叶绿素相对含量效果不显著;中度氮肥(60 kg·hm-2),同时配合磷肥添加长期施入,可有效维持高龄老芒麦叶片的光合效率。
张永超, 梁国玲, 秦燕, 刘文辉, 贾志锋, 刘勇, 马祥. 老芒麦衰老过程中叶片叶绿素和光合作用变化特征及对养分的响应[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(1): 229-237.
Yong-chao ZHANG, Guo-ling LIANG, Yan QIN, Wen-hui LIU, Zhi-feng JIA, Yong LIU, Xiang MA. Characteristics of chlorophyll and photosynthesis in leaves and their response to nutrients during aging of Elymus sibiricus[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(1): 229-237.
编号Number | 氮肥N | 磷肥P2O5 |
---|---|---|
N0P0 | 0 | 0 |
N0P60 | 0 | 60 |
N0P75 | 0 | 75 |
N0P90 | 0 | 90 |
N45P0 | 45 | 0 |
N45P60 | 45 | 60 |
N45P75 | 45 | 75 |
N45P90 | 45 | 90 |
N60P0 | 60 | 0 |
N60P60 | 60 | 60 |
N60P75 | 60 | 75 |
N60P90 | 60 | 90 |
N75P0 | 75 | 0 |
N75P60 | 75 | 60 |
N75P75 | 75 | 75 |
N75P90 | 75 | 90 |
表1 青牧1号老芒麦田长期施肥处理
Table 1 The longer fertilizer treatments of E. sibiricus (kg·hm-2)
编号Number | 氮肥N | 磷肥P2O5 |
---|---|---|
N0P0 | 0 | 0 |
N0P60 | 0 | 60 |
N0P75 | 0 | 75 |
N0P90 | 0 | 90 |
N45P0 | 45 | 0 |
N45P60 | 45 | 60 |
N45P75 | 45 | 75 |
N45P90 | 45 | 90 |
N60P0 | 60 | 0 |
N60P60 | 60 | 60 |
N60P75 | 60 | 75 |
N60P90 | 60 | 90 |
N75P0 | 75 | 0 |
N75P60 | 75 | 60 |
N75P75 | 75 | 75 |
N75P90 | 75 | 90 |
图1 青牧1号老芒麦1~6龄田(A),6龄田(B)和连续施肥6龄田(C)的不同部位叶片叶绿素相对含量不同小写字母表示同一部位叶片间差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示不同部位叶片间差异显著(P<0.05)。Different small letters indicate significant difference among the leaves in the same part of different plant (P<0.05), and different capital letters indicate significant difference among the leaves in the same plant of different part (P<0.05).
Fig.1 The leaf chlorophyll content in different part leaf of plant from one years old to six field (A), six years old field (B) and six years old in continuous fertilizer field (C) of E. sibiricus
图2 老芒麦田2龄到6龄叶片净光合速率,叶片胞间二氧化碳浓度,叶片气孔导度和叶片蒸腾速率不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),下同。Different small letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05), the same below.
Fig.2 The leaf net photosynthesis rate, the leaf intercellular CO2 concentration, the leaf stomatal conductance and the leaf transpiration rate from two to six years old of E. sibiricus
图3 青牧1号老芒麦6龄田施肥处理对叶片净光合速率、叶片胞间二氧化碳浓度、叶片气孔导度和蒸腾速率的影响
Fig.3 The leaf net photosynthesis rate, the leaf stomatal conductance, the leaf intercellular CO2 concentration and the leaf transpiration rate of E. sibiricus cv. Qinghai No.1 in six years old under different fertilizer treatments
图4 青牧1号老芒麦连续施肥6龄田中施肥处理对叶片净光合速率,气孔导度,胞间二氧化碳浓度和蒸腾速率的影响
Fig.4 The leaf net photosynthesis rate, the leaf stomatal conductance, the leaf intercellular CO2 concentration and the leaf transpiration rate of E. sibiricus cv. Qinghai No.1 in six years old in continuous fertilizer field
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