草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 79-90.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021186
赵朋波1,3(), 邱开阳1,3(), 谢应忠1,3, 刘王锁1,3, 李小伟1,3, 陈林2,3, 王继飞4, 孟文芬1,3, 黄业芸1,3, 李小聪1, 杨浩楠1
收稿日期:
2021-05-07
修回日期:
2021-06-16
出版日期:
2022-06-20
发布日期:
2022-05-11
通讯作者:
邱开阳
作者简介:
E-mail: kaiyangqiu@nxu.edu.cn基金资助:
Peng-bo ZHAO1,3(), Kai-yang QIU1,3(), Ying-zhong XIE1,3, Wang-suo LIU1,3, Xiao-wei LI1,3, Lin CHEN2,3, Ji-fei WANG4, Wen-fen MENG1,3, Ye-yun HUANG1,3, Xiao-cong LI1, Hao-nan YANG1
Received:
2021-05-07
Revised:
2021-06-16
Online:
2022-06-20
Published:
2022-05-11
Contact:
Kai-yang QIU
摘要:
研究贺兰山岩羊主要活动区植物群落组成和物种多样性在不同海拔梯度的变化规律对贺兰山岩羊的合理管护具有重要意义。本研究通过贺兰山岩羊主要活动区植被调查,对不同海拔的数据进行单因素方差分析和回归分析,阐明1100~1500 m、1500~2000 m、2000~2500 m和大于2500 m的4个海拔段岩羊主要活动区植物物种组成和物种多样性的变化,探讨植被与岩羊等草食动物的关系及海拔对植物物种多样性的影响。结果表明:贺兰山岩羊主要活动区植被共记录到30科62属87种,主要为禾本科、蔷薇科和菊科等植物;同时,不同海拔梯度上的科、属、种的数量和组成存在差异。随着海拔上升,岩羊主要活动区的草本植物的物种丰富度升高,Pielou均匀度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson优势度指数表现为先降低后升高的特征;灌木植物物种丰富度、Pielou均匀度指数呈现出沿海拔上升而降低的特征,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson优势度指数呈现出先增加后降低的特征。因此,针对不同海拔植物物种多样性的不同,建议对岩羊的合理管护在不同海拔地区采取不同措施,以达到防止植被退化和促进岩羊种群健康发展的目的。
赵朋波, 邱开阳, 谢应忠, 刘王锁, 李小伟, 陈林, 王继飞, 孟文芬, 黄业芸, 李小聪, 杨浩楠. 海拔梯度对贺兰山岩羊主要活动区植物群落特征的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(6): 79-90.
Peng-bo ZHAO, Kai-yang QIU, Ying-zhong XIE, Wang-suo LIU, Xiao-wei LI, Lin CHEN, Ji-fei WANG, Wen-fen MENG, Ye-yun HUANG, Xiao-cong LI, Hao-nan YANG. Change in plant community characteristics along altitudinal gradients in the main browsing areas of Pseudois nayaur in the Helan Mountains[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(6): 79-90.
研究区编号 Research area number | 植被类型 Vegetation types | 海拔 Altitude |
---|---|---|
A | 荒漠草原Desert steppe | 1100~1500 m |
B | 山地疏林草原Mountain sparse forest grassland | 1500~2000 m |
C | 山地针叶林Mountain coniferous forest | 2000~2500 m |
D | 高山-亚高山灌丛草甸Alpine-subalpine shrub meadow | >2500 m |
表1 研究区植物群落类型及海拔高度
Table 1 Plant community types and the altitude of research areas
研究区编号 Research area number | 植被类型 Vegetation types | 海拔 Altitude |
---|---|---|
A | 荒漠草原Desert steppe | 1100~1500 m |
B | 山地疏林草原Mountain sparse forest grassland | 1500~2000 m |
C | 山地针叶林Mountain coniferous forest | 2000~2500 m |
D | 高山-亚高山灌丛草甸Alpine-subalpine shrub meadow | >2500 m |
单科所含种数范围 Range of number of species in each families | 科数 Number of families | 占总科数比例 Percentage of total families (%) | 属数 Number of genera | 占总属数比例 Percentage of total genera (%) | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≥20 | 1 | 3.33 | 10 | 16.13 | 20 | 22.98 |
10~19 | 2 | 6.67 | 12 | 19.35 | 21 | 24.14 |
6~9 | 1 | 3.33 | 4 | 6.45 | 7 | 8.05 |
2~5 | 8 | 26.67 | 18 | 29.03 | 21 | 24.14 |
1 | 18 | 60.00 | 18 | 29.03 | 18 | 20.69 |
总计Total | 30 | 100.00 | 62 | 100.00 | 87 | 100.00 |
表2 贺兰山岩羊主要活动区植物群落物种数量
Table 2 Species number of plant community in main active areas of P. nayaur in Helan Mountains
单科所含种数范围 Range of number of species in each families | 科数 Number of families | 占总科数比例 Percentage of total families (%) | 属数 Number of genera | 占总属数比例 Percentage of total genera (%) | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≥20 | 1 | 3.33 | 10 | 16.13 | 20 | 22.98 |
10~19 | 2 | 6.67 | 12 | 19.35 | 21 | 24.14 |
6~9 | 1 | 3.33 | 4 | 6.45 | 7 | 8.05 |
2~5 | 8 | 26.67 | 18 | 29.03 | 21 | 24.14 |
1 | 18 | 60.00 | 18 | 29.03 | 18 | 20.69 |
总计Total | 30 | 100.00 | 62 | 100.00 | 87 | 100.00 |
研究区 Research area | 科数 Number of families | 属数 Number of genera | 种数 Number of species |
---|---|---|---|
A | 9b | 16c | 20c |
B | 16a | 29a | 35b |
C | 15a | 21b | 24c |
D | 16a | 32a | 40a |
表3 贺兰山岩羊主要活动区不同海拔植物所含科、属、种的数量
Table 3 Number of families, genera, and species of plants at different altitudes in main active areas of P. nayaur in Helan Mountains
研究区 Research area | 科数 Number of families | 属数 Number of genera | 种数 Number of species |
---|---|---|---|
A | 9b | 16c | 20c |
B | 16a | 29a | 35b |
C | 15a | 21b | 24c |
D | 16a | 32a | 40a |
图2 贺兰山岩羊主要活动区不同海拔植物群落各科所含种数
Fig.2 Species number of each family in plant communities at different altitudes in main active areas of P. nayaur in Helan Mountains
研究区 Research area | 草本 Herb | 灌木 Shrub | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
物种名Species | 重要值Importance value | 物种名Species | 重要值Importance value | |
A | 短花针茅S. breviflora | 0.332 | 刺旋花C. tragacanthoides | 0.462 |
无芒隐子草C. songorica | 0.200 | 松叶猪毛菜S. laricifolia | 0.434 | |
猪毛蒿Artemisia scoparia | 0.110 | 狭叶锦鸡儿Caragana stenophylla | 0.066 | |
B | 针茅S. capillata | 0.327 | 蒙古扁桃A. mongolica | 0.407 |
苔草Carex spp. | 0.093 | 小叶金露梅P. parvifolia | 0.175 | |
冰草Agropyron cristatum | 0.075 | 猫头刺O. aciphylla | 0.109 | |
C | 苔草Carex spp. | 0.428 | - | - |
真穗披碱草E. gmelinii | 0.183 | - | - | |
小红菊C. chanetii | 0.126 | - | - | |
D | 苔草Carex spp. | 0.226 | 小叶金露梅P. parvifolia | 0.508 |
硬质早熟禾Poa sphondylodes | 0.088 | 银露梅P. glabra | 0.402 | |
冰草A. cristatum | 0.077 | 小叶忍冬Lonicera microphylla | 0.052 |
表4 贺兰山岩羊主要活动区不同植物群落类型优势种及其重要值
Table 4 Dominant species and their importance values of different plant community types in main active areas of P. nayaur in Helan Mountains
研究区 Research area | 草本 Herb | 灌木 Shrub | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
物种名Species | 重要值Importance value | 物种名Species | 重要值Importance value | |
A | 短花针茅S. breviflora | 0.332 | 刺旋花C. tragacanthoides | 0.462 |
无芒隐子草C. songorica | 0.200 | 松叶猪毛菜S. laricifolia | 0.434 | |
猪毛蒿Artemisia scoparia | 0.110 | 狭叶锦鸡儿Caragana stenophylla | 0.066 | |
B | 针茅S. capillata | 0.327 | 蒙古扁桃A. mongolica | 0.407 |
苔草Carex spp. | 0.093 | 小叶金露梅P. parvifolia | 0.175 | |
冰草Agropyron cristatum | 0.075 | 猫头刺O. aciphylla | 0.109 | |
C | 苔草Carex spp. | 0.428 | - | - |
真穗披碱草E. gmelinii | 0.183 | - | - | |
小红菊C. chanetii | 0.126 | - | - | |
D | 苔草Carex spp. | 0.226 | 小叶金露梅P. parvifolia | 0.508 |
硬质早熟禾Poa sphondylodes | 0.088 | 银露梅P. glabra | 0.402 | |
冰草A. cristatum | 0.077 | 小叶忍冬Lonicera microphylla | 0.052 |
研究区 Research areas | 物种丰富度指数 Richness index | Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index | Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index | Simpson优势度指数 Simpson dominance index | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
草本Herb | 灌木Shrub | 草本Herb | 灌木Shrub | 草本Herb | 灌木Shrub | 草本Herb | 灌木Shrub | |
A | 9±1.47c | 3±0.84b | 0.80±0.04ab | 0.93±0.06a | 1.78±0.15bc | 0.91±0.24ab | 0.78±0.03a | 0.57±0.08ab |
B | 14±2.80b | 4±1.14a | 0.68±0.10ab | 0.87±0.10a | 1.79±0.28b | 1.28±0.31a | 0.79±0.68a | 0.67±0.11a |
C | 8±1.79c | - | 0.65±0.13b | - | 1.33±0.28c | - | 0.69±0.18a | - |
D | 20±3.07a | 2±0.55b | 0.82±0.04a | 0.78±0.14a | 2.45±0.05a | 0.72±0.28b | 0.88±0.01a | 0.41±0.23b |
表5 贺兰山岩羊主要活动区植物群落多样性对海拔梯度的响应规律
Table 5 Response of vegetation community diversity to altitudinal gradient in main active areas of P. nayaur in Helan Mountains
研究区 Research areas | 物种丰富度指数 Richness index | Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index | Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index | Simpson优势度指数 Simpson dominance index | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
草本Herb | 灌木Shrub | 草本Herb | 灌木Shrub | 草本Herb | 灌木Shrub | 草本Herb | 灌木Shrub | |
A | 9±1.47c | 3±0.84b | 0.80±0.04ab | 0.93±0.06a | 1.78±0.15bc | 0.91±0.24ab | 0.78±0.03a | 0.57±0.08ab |
B | 14±2.80b | 4±1.14a | 0.68±0.10ab | 0.87±0.10a | 1.79±0.28b | 1.28±0.31a | 0.79±0.68a | 0.67±0.11a |
C | 8±1.79c | - | 0.65±0.13b | - | 1.33±0.28c | - | 0.69±0.18a | - |
D | 20±3.07a | 2±0.55b | 0.82±0.04a | 0.78±0.14a | 2.45±0.05a | 0.72±0.28b | 0.88±0.01a | 0.41±0.23b |
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