草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 144-153.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022016
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
王晓龙1,2(), 杨曌2(), 来永才1,3(), 李红2, 钟鹏2, 徐艳霞2, 柴华2, 李莎莎2, 吴玥2, 宋敏超2, 周景明2
收稿日期:
2022-01-10
修回日期:
2022-03-09
出版日期:
2023-01-20
发布日期:
2022-11-07
通讯作者:
杨曌,来永才
作者简介:
E-mail: yame0451@163.com基金资助:
Xiao-long WANG1,2(), Zhao YANG2(), Yong-cai LAI1,3(), Hong LI2, Peng ZHONG2, Yan-xia XU2, Hua CHAI2, Sha-sha LI2, Yue WU2, Min-chao SONG2, Jing-ming ZHOU2
Received:
2022-01-10
Revised:
2022-03-09
Online:
2023-01-20
Published:
2022-11-07
Contact:
Zhao YANG,Yong-cai LAI
摘要:
筛选适宜黑龙江省西部地区种植的苜蓿品种,探究苜蓿越冬率与根系性状及产量之间的相关性,为建立苜蓿人工草地提供优良品种。以国内外8个不同秋眠等级苜蓿品种为材料,采用随机区组设计,测定苜蓿产量、越冬率和根系性状(根颈直径、体积、入土深度、根长、主根直径、根尖数量、侧根直径、侧根位置、侧根数量、根系生物量)指标,通过主成分分析和隶属函数评价筛选出最佳品种。公农2号、草原3号和肇东苜蓿的越冬率均大于95%,越冬率与根系生物量呈显著负相关(P<0.05),相关系数为0.762;越冬率与根颈直径、入土深度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),相关系数分别为0.797和0.756,与侧根位置呈显著负相关(0.712;P<0.05)。越冬率与产量呈极显著正相关(0.956;P<0.01),其中肇东苜蓿、草原3号和公农2号产量较高,分别为12746.73、11921.24、11416.77 kg·hm-2,显著高于其他品种(P<0.05)。经主成分分析选出根颈直径、体积、入土深度、根长、主根直径、侧根直径、侧根数量和越冬率作为鉴定苜蓿耐寒性的重要指标,应用隶属函数评价得出品种抗寒强弱顺序依次是:肇东>公农2号>草原3号>金皇后>驯鹿>420>三得利>赛迪。公农2号、草原3号和肇东苜蓿的产量和越冬性均表现较好,较适宜黑龙江省西部地区种植。
王晓龙, 杨曌, 来永才, 李红, 钟鹏, 徐艳霞, 柴华, 李莎莎, 吴玥, 宋敏超, 周景明. 不同秋眠等级苜蓿根系性状对越冬的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2023, 32(1): 144-153.
Xiao-long WANG, Zhao YANG, Yong-cai LAI, Hong LI, Peng ZHONG, Yan-xia XU, Hua CHAI, Sha-sha LI, Yue WU, Min-chao SONG, Jing-ming ZHOU. Effect of root traits of Medicago sativa lines with fall dormancy on overwintering[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(1): 144-153.
品种 Varieties | 秋眠级 Fall dormancy | 秋眠类型 Fall dormancy type | 来源 Source |
---|---|---|---|
公农2号Gongnong No.2 | 1 | 秋眠型Dormancy type | 中国农业科学院草原研究所Grassland Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences |
草原3号Caoyuan No.3 | 1 | 秋眠型Dormancy type | 内蒙古农业大学Inner Mongolia Agriculture University |
肇东Zhaodong | 1 | 秋眠型Dormancy type | 黑龙江省农业科学院Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences |
驯鹿Caribou | 2 | 秋眠型Dormancy type | 北京克劳沃公司Beijng Clover Company |
金皇后Gold empress | 2~3 | 秋眠型Dormancy type | 北京克劳沃公司Beijng Clover Company |
420 | 4 | 半秋眠型Semi-dormancy type | 百绿集团Barenbrug China |
三得利Sanditi | 5~6 | 半秋眠型Semi-dormancy type | 北京克劳沃公司Beijng Clover Company |
赛迪Sardi | 7 | 非秋眠型Non-dormancy type | 百绿集团Barenbrug China |
表1 供试苜蓿材料及来源
Table 1 Source and materials of tested alfalfa
品种 Varieties | 秋眠级 Fall dormancy | 秋眠类型 Fall dormancy type | 来源 Source |
---|---|---|---|
公农2号Gongnong No.2 | 1 | 秋眠型Dormancy type | 中国农业科学院草原研究所Grassland Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences |
草原3号Caoyuan No.3 | 1 | 秋眠型Dormancy type | 内蒙古农业大学Inner Mongolia Agriculture University |
肇东Zhaodong | 1 | 秋眠型Dormancy type | 黑龙江省农业科学院Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences |
驯鹿Caribou | 2 | 秋眠型Dormancy type | 北京克劳沃公司Beijng Clover Company |
金皇后Gold empress | 2~3 | 秋眠型Dormancy type | 北京克劳沃公司Beijng Clover Company |
420 | 4 | 半秋眠型Semi-dormancy type | 百绿集团Barenbrug China |
三得利Sanditi | 5~6 | 半秋眠型Semi-dormancy type | 北京克劳沃公司Beijng Clover Company |
赛迪Sardi | 7 | 非秋眠型Non-dormancy type | 百绿集团Barenbrug China |
品种 Varieties | 地上生物量 Shoot biomass (g·plant-1) | 根系生物量 Root biomass (g·plant-1) | 根颈特征Root crown characteristic | 越冬率 Winter survival rate (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
根颈直径Root crown diameter (mm) | 入土深度Root crown depth in soil (cm) | 根颈体积Root crown volume (cm3) | ||||
公农2号Gongnong No.2 | 30.10±0.37d | 20.55±0.08h | 5.20±0.10a | 3.15±0.04a | 0.299±0.002a | 96.73±0.67a |
草原3号Caoyuan No.3 | 32.61±0.57c | 23.54±0.18e | 4.97±0.09b | 2.99±0.09b | 0.296±0.001a | 95.31±1.45a |
肇东Zhaodong | 32.28±0.34c | 21.97±0.09f | 5.14±0.05a | 3.17±0.05a | 0.298±0.003a | 95.48±0.82a |
驯鹿Caribou | 32.75±0.82c | 21.57±0.17g | 4.97±0.10b | 3.02±0.03b | 0.286±0.004b | 89.48±2.62b |
金皇后Gold empress | 37.51±0.67a | 30.05±0.13a | 4.94±0.11b | 2.98±0.04b | 0.266±0.002d | 78.45±1.21c |
420 | 35.41±0.58b | 25.69±0.11d | 4.95±0.07b | 3.01±0.06b | 0.276±0.005bc | 68.06±1.90d |
三得利Sanditi | 36.94±0.59a | 29.22±0.16b | 4.75±0.05c | 2.88±0.04c | 0.272±0.003cd | 66.45±0.58d |
赛迪Sardi | 37.59±0.74a | 28.27±0.14c | 4.76±0.06c | 2.89±0.05c | 0.265±0.004d | 28.65±0.87e |
表2 不同苜蓿的地上、根系生物量、根颈特征和越冬率比较
Table 2 Comparison of shoot biomass, root biomass, root crown characteristic and winter survival rate of different alfalfa
品种 Varieties | 地上生物量 Shoot biomass (g·plant-1) | 根系生物量 Root biomass (g·plant-1) | 根颈特征Root crown characteristic | 越冬率 Winter survival rate (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
根颈直径Root crown diameter (mm) | 入土深度Root crown depth in soil (cm) | 根颈体积Root crown volume (cm3) | ||||
公农2号Gongnong No.2 | 30.10±0.37d | 20.55±0.08h | 5.20±0.10a | 3.15±0.04a | 0.299±0.002a | 96.73±0.67a |
草原3号Caoyuan No.3 | 32.61±0.57c | 23.54±0.18e | 4.97±0.09b | 2.99±0.09b | 0.296±0.001a | 95.31±1.45a |
肇东Zhaodong | 32.28±0.34c | 21.97±0.09f | 5.14±0.05a | 3.17±0.05a | 0.298±0.003a | 95.48±0.82a |
驯鹿Caribou | 32.75±0.82c | 21.57±0.17g | 4.97±0.10b | 3.02±0.03b | 0.286±0.004b | 89.48±2.62b |
金皇后Gold empress | 37.51±0.67a | 30.05±0.13a | 4.94±0.11b | 2.98±0.04b | 0.266±0.002d | 78.45±1.21c |
420 | 35.41±0.58b | 25.69±0.11d | 4.95±0.07b | 3.01±0.06b | 0.276±0.005bc | 68.06±1.90d |
三得利Sanditi | 36.94±0.59a | 29.22±0.16b | 4.75±0.05c | 2.88±0.04c | 0.272±0.003cd | 66.45±0.58d |
赛迪Sardi | 37.59±0.74a | 28.27±0.14c | 4.76±0.06c | 2.89±0.05c | 0.265±0.004d | 28.65±0.87e |
品种 Varieties | 根系长度 Root length (cm) | 主根直径 Main root diameter (mm) | 根尖数量 Root tips number | 侧根位置 Lateral root position (cm) | 侧根直径 Lateral root diameter (mm) | 侧根数量 Lateral root number |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
公农2号Gongnong No.2 | 191.97±1.69c | 4.11±0.08d | 1048.01±14.26g | 5.09±0.02d | 2.13±0.04e | 2.93±0.06b |
草原3号Caoyuan No.3 | 208.21±9.87a | 4.00±0.03d | 2128.51±12.91a | 4.86±0.08e | 2.44±0.07b | 3.20±0.10a |
肇东Zhaodong | 180.62±1.67d | 4.05±0.06d | 1074.42±10.63f | 4.61±0.23f | 2.21±0.05d | 2.96±0.07b |
驯鹿Caribou | 207.09±4.39ab | 4.03±0.05d | 1487.22±10.78c | 4.57±0.09f | 2.19±0.02de | 2.97±0.08b |
金皇后Gold empress | 199.11±2.81bc | 4.55±0.13a | 1121.89±10.85e | 5.77±0.07b | 2.67±0.03a | 2.67±0.11c |
420 | 164.37±4.90e | 4.38±0.09bc | 1308.56±10.64d | 6.00±0.05a | 2.38±0.06bc | 2.61±0.09c |
三得利Sanditi | 180.64±1.72d | 4.25±0.04c | 1074.44±11.63f | 5.52±0.12c | 2.30±0.04c | 2.93±0.14b |
赛迪Sardi | 199.24±4.41bc | 4.41±0.07b | 1747.44±11.09b | 5.87±0.06ab | 2.45±0.05b | 2.60±0.12c |
表3 不同苜蓿的根系特征比较
Table 3 Comparison of root characteristics of different alfalfa
品种 Varieties | 根系长度 Root length (cm) | 主根直径 Main root diameter (mm) | 根尖数量 Root tips number | 侧根位置 Lateral root position (cm) | 侧根直径 Lateral root diameter (mm) | 侧根数量 Lateral root number |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
公农2号Gongnong No.2 | 191.97±1.69c | 4.11±0.08d | 1048.01±14.26g | 5.09±0.02d | 2.13±0.04e | 2.93±0.06b |
草原3号Caoyuan No.3 | 208.21±9.87a | 4.00±0.03d | 2128.51±12.91a | 4.86±0.08e | 2.44±0.07b | 3.20±0.10a |
肇东Zhaodong | 180.62±1.67d | 4.05±0.06d | 1074.42±10.63f | 4.61±0.23f | 2.21±0.05d | 2.96±0.07b |
驯鹿Caribou | 207.09±4.39ab | 4.03±0.05d | 1487.22±10.78c | 4.57±0.09f | 2.19±0.02de | 2.97±0.08b |
金皇后Gold empress | 199.11±2.81bc | 4.55±0.13a | 1121.89±10.85e | 5.77±0.07b | 2.67±0.03a | 2.67±0.11c |
420 | 164.37±4.90e | 4.38±0.09bc | 1308.56±10.64d | 6.00±0.05a | 2.38±0.06bc | 2.61±0.09c |
三得利Sanditi | 180.64±1.72d | 4.25±0.04c | 1074.44±11.63f | 5.52±0.12c | 2.30±0.04c | 2.93±0.14b |
赛迪Sardi | 199.24±4.41bc | 4.41±0.07b | 1747.44±11.09b | 5.87±0.06ab | 2.45±0.05b | 2.60±0.12c |
指标 Index | 根颈直径 Root crown diameter | 入土深度 Root crown depth in soil | 根颈体积 Root crown volume | 根系长度 Root length | 主根直径Main root diameter | 根尖数量Root tips number | 侧根位置Lateral root position | 侧根直径Lateral root diameter | 侧根数量 Lateral root number | 根系生物量 Root biomass | 产量Yield |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
入土深度Root crown depth in soil | 0.979** | ||||||||||
根颈体积Root crown volume | 0.821* | 0.805* | |||||||||
根系长度Root length | -0.056NS | -0.057NS | 0.117NS | ||||||||
主根直径Main root diameter | -0.109NS | -0.007NS | -0.503NS | -0.152NS | |||||||
根尖数量Root tips number | -0.082NS | -0.145NS | 0.261NS | 0.520NS | -0.511NS | ||||||
侧根位置Lateral root position | -0.523NS | -0.504NS | -0.793* | -0.519NS | 0.680NS | -0.302NS | |||||
侧根直径Lateral root diameter | -0.179NS | -0.268NS | -0.482NS | 0.095NS | 0.515NS | 0.024NS | 0.577NS | ||||
侧根数量Lateral root number | 0.540NS | 0.555NS | 0.856** | 0.395NS | -0.433NS | 0.231NS | -0.839** | -0.457NS | |||
根系生物量Root biomass | -0.803* | -0.802* | -0.913** | -0.085NS | 0.538NS | -0.250NS | 0.785* | 0.627NS | -0.658NS | ||
产量Yield | 0.745* | 0.706NS | 0.710* | -0.024NS | -0.231NS | -0.163NS | -0.551NS | -0.178NS | 0.630NS | -0.570NS | |
越冬率Winter survival rate | 0.797* | 0.756* | 0.861** | -0.005NS | -0.446NS | -0.017NS | -0.712* | -0.375NS | 0.733* | -0.762* | 0.956** |
表4 不同苜蓿各项指标之间的相关性分析
Table 4 Correlation analysis of different alfalfa indexes
指标 Index | 根颈直径 Root crown diameter | 入土深度 Root crown depth in soil | 根颈体积 Root crown volume | 根系长度 Root length | 主根直径Main root diameter | 根尖数量Root tips number | 侧根位置Lateral root position | 侧根直径Lateral root diameter | 侧根数量 Lateral root number | 根系生物量 Root biomass | 产量Yield |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
入土深度Root crown depth in soil | 0.979** | ||||||||||
根颈体积Root crown volume | 0.821* | 0.805* | |||||||||
根系长度Root length | -0.056NS | -0.057NS | 0.117NS | ||||||||
主根直径Main root diameter | -0.109NS | -0.007NS | -0.503NS | -0.152NS | |||||||
根尖数量Root tips number | -0.082NS | -0.145NS | 0.261NS | 0.520NS | -0.511NS | ||||||
侧根位置Lateral root position | -0.523NS | -0.504NS | -0.793* | -0.519NS | 0.680NS | -0.302NS | |||||
侧根直径Lateral root diameter | -0.179NS | -0.268NS | -0.482NS | 0.095NS | 0.515NS | 0.024NS | 0.577NS | ||||
侧根数量Lateral root number | 0.540NS | 0.555NS | 0.856** | 0.395NS | -0.433NS | 0.231NS | -0.839** | -0.457NS | |||
根系生物量Root biomass | -0.803* | -0.802* | -0.913** | -0.085NS | 0.538NS | -0.250NS | 0.785* | 0.627NS | -0.658NS | ||
产量Yield | 0.745* | 0.706NS | 0.710* | -0.024NS | -0.231NS | -0.163NS | -0.551NS | -0.178NS | 0.630NS | -0.570NS | |
越冬率Winter survival rate | 0.797* | 0.756* | 0.861** | -0.005NS | -0.446NS | -0.017NS | -0.712* | -0.375NS | 0.733* | -0.762* | 0.956** |
编号Number | 指标 Index | 特征向量Eigenvectors | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | F2 | F3 | ||
1 | 根颈直径Root crown diameter | 0.308 | 0.321 | 0.251 |
2 | 入土深度Root crown depth in soil | 0.302 | 0.349 | 0.233 |
3 | 根颈体积Root crown volume | 0.368 | 0.020 | 0.052 |
4 | 根系长度Root length | 0.063 | -0.178 | 0.522 |
5 | 主根直径Main root diameter | -0.212 | 0.386 | 0.413 |
6 | 根尖数量Root tips number | 0.079 | -0.229 | 0.174 |
7 | 侧根位置Lateral root position | -0.129 | 0.252 | -0.009 |
8 | 侧根直径Lateral root diameter | -0.212 | 0.071 | 0.614 |
9 | 侧根数量Lateral root number | 0.313 | -0.141 | 0.134 |
10 | 根系生物量Root biomass | -0.258 | -0.023 | 0.084 |
11 | 产量Yield | -0.261 | -0.087 | 0.048 |
12 | 越冬率Winter survival rate | 0.331 | 0.136 | 0.018 |
特征值Eigenvalue | 7.019 | 2.146 | 1.223 | |
贡献率Proportion (%) | 58.50 | 17.89 | 10.19 | |
累积贡献率Cumulative (%) | 58.50 | 76.39 | 86.58 |
表5 主成分分析
Table 5 Principal component analysis
编号Number | 指标 Index | 特征向量Eigenvectors | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | F2 | F3 | ||
1 | 根颈直径Root crown diameter | 0.308 | 0.321 | 0.251 |
2 | 入土深度Root crown depth in soil | 0.302 | 0.349 | 0.233 |
3 | 根颈体积Root crown volume | 0.368 | 0.020 | 0.052 |
4 | 根系长度Root length | 0.063 | -0.178 | 0.522 |
5 | 主根直径Main root diameter | -0.212 | 0.386 | 0.413 |
6 | 根尖数量Root tips number | 0.079 | -0.229 | 0.174 |
7 | 侧根位置Lateral root position | -0.129 | 0.252 | -0.009 |
8 | 侧根直径Lateral root diameter | -0.212 | 0.071 | 0.614 |
9 | 侧根数量Lateral root number | 0.313 | -0.141 | 0.134 |
10 | 根系生物量Root biomass | -0.258 | -0.023 | 0.084 |
11 | 产量Yield | -0.261 | -0.087 | 0.048 |
12 | 越冬率Winter survival rate | 0.331 | 0.136 | 0.018 |
特征值Eigenvalue | 7.019 | 2.146 | 1.223 | |
贡献率Proportion (%) | 58.50 | 17.89 | 10.19 | |
累积贡献率Cumulative (%) | 58.50 | 76.39 | 86.58 |
品种 Varieties | 根颈直径Root crown diameter | 入土深度Root crown depth in soil | 根颈体积Root crown volume | 根系 长度Root length | 主根直径Main root diameter | 侧根直径 Lateral root diameter | 侧根数量 Lateral root number | 越冬率 Winter survival rate | 均值 Average value | 排序 Sequence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
公农2号Gongnong No.2 | 1.000 | 0.908 | 1.000 | 0.253 | 0.259 | 0.310 | 0.600 | 1.000 | 0.666 | 2 |
草原3号Caoyuan No.3 | 0.498 | 0.379 | 0.925 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.519 | 0.900 | 0.979 | 0.650 | 3 |
肇东Zhaodong | 0.864 | 1.000 | 0.962 | 0.831 | 0.917 | 0.228 | 1.000 | 0.982 | 0.848 | 1 |
驯鹿Caribou | 0.488 | 0.462 | 0.612 | 0.974 | 0.059 | 0.000 | 0.550 | 0.894 | 0.505 | 5 |
金皇后Gold empress | 0.413 | 0.345 | 0.030 | 0.792 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.100 | 0.732 | 0.551 | 4 |
420 | 0.450 | 0.449 | 0.341 | 0.000 | 0.689 | 0.403 | 0.015 | 0.579 | 0.366 | 6 |
三得利Sanditi | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.220 | 0.370 | 0.462 | 0.236 | 0.500 | 0.555 | 0.293 | 7 |
赛迪Sardi | 0.026 | 0.023 | 0.000 | 0.795 | 0.746 | 0.551 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.268 | 8 |
表6 不同苜蓿各项指标隶属函数分析
Table 6 Analysis of the membership function of different alfalfa indexes
品种 Varieties | 根颈直径Root crown diameter | 入土深度Root crown depth in soil | 根颈体积Root crown volume | 根系 长度Root length | 主根直径Main root diameter | 侧根直径 Lateral root diameter | 侧根数量 Lateral root number | 越冬率 Winter survival rate | 均值 Average value | 排序 Sequence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
公农2号Gongnong No.2 | 1.000 | 0.908 | 1.000 | 0.253 | 0.259 | 0.310 | 0.600 | 1.000 | 0.666 | 2 |
草原3号Caoyuan No.3 | 0.498 | 0.379 | 0.925 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.519 | 0.900 | 0.979 | 0.650 | 3 |
肇东Zhaodong | 0.864 | 1.000 | 0.962 | 0.831 | 0.917 | 0.228 | 1.000 | 0.982 | 0.848 | 1 |
驯鹿Caribou | 0.488 | 0.462 | 0.612 | 0.974 | 0.059 | 0.000 | 0.550 | 0.894 | 0.505 | 5 |
金皇后Gold empress | 0.413 | 0.345 | 0.030 | 0.792 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.100 | 0.732 | 0.551 | 4 |
420 | 0.450 | 0.449 | 0.341 | 0.000 | 0.689 | 0.403 | 0.015 | 0.579 | 0.366 | 6 |
三得利Sanditi | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.220 | 0.370 | 0.462 | 0.236 | 0.500 | 0.555 | 0.293 | 7 |
赛迪Sardi | 0.026 | 0.023 | 0.000 | 0.795 | 0.746 | 0.551 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.268 | 8 |
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