草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (11): 212-222.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023033
• 研究简报 • 上一篇
李江文1,2(), 裴婧宏1,2, 韩国栋3(), 何邦印1,2, 李彩1
收稿日期:
2023-02-01
修回日期:
2023-04-06
出版日期:
2023-11-20
发布日期:
2023-09-27
通讯作者:
韩国栋
作者简介:
E-mail: grasslandkeylab@gmail.com基金资助:
Jiang-wen LI1,2(), Jing-hong PEI1,2, Guo-dong HAN3(), Bang-yin HE1,2, Cai LI1
Received:
2023-02-01
Revised:
2023-04-06
Online:
2023-11-20
Published:
2023-09-27
Contact:
Guo-dong HAN
摘要:
植物功能群研究对草地生态系统功能的研究具有重要的作用。功能群划分标准多样,在异常降水条件下,功能群多样性对长期不同载畜率放牧的响应规律尚不明晰。本研究以内蒙古短花针茅荒漠草原为研究对象,通过分析异常降水年份,不同载畜率下植物群落性状加权平均值、物种丰富度及功能群多样性的差异性,解释植物功能群动态变化趋势,结果显示:年降水量明显增加可显著提高群落水平植物高度、冠(丛)幅、密度、生物量、叶面积和比叶面积,显著降低群落水平植物叶片生物量(P<0.05)。群落水平植物高度、冠(丛)幅和茎生物量随载畜率增加而显著降低,而重度放牧导致群落水平植株密度显著降低(P<0.05)。基于植物功能性状可将试验区57种植物划分为4个功能群,丰水年植物功能群多样性和物种丰富度显著高于干旱年,随着载畜率的增加,功能群多样性和物种丰富度显著降低(P<0.05)。综上可知,依据植物功能性状的差异性可将植物划分为不同的功能群,降水增加和载畜率降低可显著提高群落功能群多样性和物种丰富度。荒漠草原植物群落水平植物功能性状对年降水量明显增加有积极响应,对载畜率增加呈现出消极响应。但群落水平植物不同功能性状对二者的响应程度并不一致。通过本研究可以为荒漠草原生物多样性保护及生态系统服务提供理论依据。
李江文, 裴婧宏, 韩国栋, 何邦印, 李彩. 基于植物功能性状分析异常降水对不同载畜率下荒漠草原功能群多样性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2023, 32(11): 212-222.
Jiang-wen LI, Jing-hong PEI, Guo-dong HAN, Bang-yin HE, Cai LI. Effect of abnormal precipitation on the diversity of plant functional groups on the desert steppe under different stocking rates[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(11): 212-222.
性状属性 Attributes | 植物功能性状 Plant functional traits | 量化方式 Quantitative method |
---|---|---|
定性指标 Qualitative indicator | 芽位Aboveground perennial buds (PB) | 1=地上芽植物Chamaephytes;2=地面芽植物Hemicryptophytes;3=地下芽植物Geocryptophytes;4=一、二年生植物Therophytes and biennial plant |
生活型Growth form (GF) | 1=多年生杂类草Perennial forbs;2=多年生禾草Perennial grasses;3=灌木与半灌木Shrub and sub-shrub;4=一、二年生草本Annual or biennial herbaceous | |
传粉方式Pollination mode (PM) | 1=虫媒Entomophily;2=风媒Anemophilous;3=虫媒与风媒Entomophily and anemophilous | |
开花期Onset of flowering (OFL) | 以最早开花时间(月份)为准。Based on the plant’s earliest flowering time (months). | |
根系类型Root type (RT) | 1=直根系Taproot system;2=须根系Fibrous root system | |
光合途径Photosynthetic mode (C3/C4) | 1=C3植物C3 plant;2=C4植物C4 plant | |
种子传播距离Dispersal mode (DM) | 1=短距离传播Short distance propagation;2=长距离传播Long distance propagation | |
繁殖方式Means of reproduction (RM) | 1=无性繁殖Asexual reproduction;2=有性繁殖Sexual propagation;3=有性与无性繁殖Sexual propagation and asexual reproduction | |
叶片附属物Leaf appendage (AP) | 1=有附属物Appendages;2=无附属物No appendages | |
木质化结构Lignified structure (LS) | 1=有木质化结构Lignification;2=无木质化结构No lignification | |
定量指标 Quantitative indicator | 高度Plant height (H, cm) | 直接测量,具体测定方法主要参照文献[ |
冠(丛)幅Width of clump crown (WCC, cm) | ||
密度Density (D, plant·m-2) | ||
单株生物量Individual biomass (BM, g·plant-1) | ||
茎生物量Stem biomass (SBM, g·plant-1) | ||
叶生物量Leaf biomass (LBM, g·plant-1) | ||
叶面积Leaf area (LA, cm2) | ||
比叶面积Specific leaf area (SLA, cm2·g-1) | ||
单片质量Individual leaf mass (LWE, g) |
表1 植物功能性状的类别及测定
Table 1 Classification and measurements of plant functional traits
性状属性 Attributes | 植物功能性状 Plant functional traits | 量化方式 Quantitative method |
---|---|---|
定性指标 Qualitative indicator | 芽位Aboveground perennial buds (PB) | 1=地上芽植物Chamaephytes;2=地面芽植物Hemicryptophytes;3=地下芽植物Geocryptophytes;4=一、二年生植物Therophytes and biennial plant |
生活型Growth form (GF) | 1=多年生杂类草Perennial forbs;2=多年生禾草Perennial grasses;3=灌木与半灌木Shrub and sub-shrub;4=一、二年生草本Annual or biennial herbaceous | |
传粉方式Pollination mode (PM) | 1=虫媒Entomophily;2=风媒Anemophilous;3=虫媒与风媒Entomophily and anemophilous | |
开花期Onset of flowering (OFL) | 以最早开花时间(月份)为准。Based on the plant’s earliest flowering time (months). | |
根系类型Root type (RT) | 1=直根系Taproot system;2=须根系Fibrous root system | |
光合途径Photosynthetic mode (C3/C4) | 1=C3植物C3 plant;2=C4植物C4 plant | |
种子传播距离Dispersal mode (DM) | 1=短距离传播Short distance propagation;2=长距离传播Long distance propagation | |
繁殖方式Means of reproduction (RM) | 1=无性繁殖Asexual reproduction;2=有性繁殖Sexual propagation;3=有性与无性繁殖Sexual propagation and asexual reproduction | |
叶片附属物Leaf appendage (AP) | 1=有附属物Appendages;2=无附属物No appendages | |
木质化结构Lignified structure (LS) | 1=有木质化结构Lignification;2=无木质化结构No lignification | |
定量指标 Quantitative indicator | 高度Plant height (H, cm) | 直接测量,具体测定方法主要参照文献[ |
冠(丛)幅Width of clump crown (WCC, cm) | ||
密度Density (D, plant·m-2) | ||
单株生物量Individual biomass (BM, g·plant-1) | ||
茎生物量Stem biomass (SBM, g·plant-1) | ||
叶生物量Leaf biomass (LBM, g·plant-1) | ||
叶面积Leaf area (LA, cm2) | ||
比叶面积Specific leaf area (SLA, cm2·g-1) | ||
单片质量Individual leaf mass (LWE, g) |
图2 不同载畜率下群落加权平均性状(定量指标)的变化规律数值为平均值±标准误,不同大写字母表示年份之间差异显著,不同小写字母表示载畜率之间差异显著(P<0.05),下同。The value is the mean±SE. Different capital letters indicate significant differences between years, different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among stocking rates (P<0.05), the same below.
Fig.2 Dynamic changes of community weighted mean trait (quantitative indicator) with stocking rate
功能群 Functional group | 命名 Name | 部分代表植物 Representative species | 误分植物 Unseemly classified species | 功能性状特性 Trait characteristic |
---|---|---|---|---|
功能群1 Functional group 1 | 灌木-半灌木 Shrub-semi-shrub | 木地肤K. prostrata;冷蒿A. frigida;狭叶锦鸡儿C. stenophylla;小叶锦鸡儿C. microphylla | 独行菜L. apetalum | 木质化程度高,以地上芽植物为主,比叶面积高。The degree of lignification is high, mainly chamaephytes, and specific leaf area is higher. |
功能群2 Functional group 2 | 高大-多年生禾本科植物Tall-perennial grasses | 短花针茅S. breviflora;无芒隐子草C. songorica;糙隐子草C. squarrosa;苔草C. tristachya;羊草L. chinensis;冰草A. cristatum;克氏针茅S. krylovii | 以单子叶(禾本科杂草)植物为主,高度较高,种子传播和繁殖能力较强,叶片C∶N较高。It is mainly monocots (grasses), with higher height, strong seed dispersal and reproductive ability, and high leaf C∶N. | |
功能群3 Functional group 3 | 一、二年生C4类植物 Therophytes and biennial plant, C4 plants | 猪毛蒿A. scoparia;栉叶蒿N. pectinata;虫实C. hyssopifolium;刺藜Chenopodium aristatum;地锦Parthenocisus tricuspidata;狗尾草S. viridis;鹤虱L. myosotis;灰绿藜C. glaucum;尖头叶藜C. acuminatum;小藜C. serotinum;野亚麻L. stelleroides;猪毛菜S. collina;反枝苋A. retroflexus;陕西点地梅A. engleri | 驼绒藜C. latens | 以一、二年生植物为主,多数是C4植物,高度较低,种子和比叶面积小。It is mainly therophytes and biennial plant, mostly C4 plants, with low height, small seeds and specific leaf area. |
功能群4 Functional group 4 | 大叶-多年生双子叶植物Macrophylla-perennial dicots | 阿尔泰狗娃花H. altaicus;银灰旋花C. ammannii;瓣蕊唐松草T. petaloideum;兔唇花L. ilicifolium;星毛委陵菜P. acaulis;荒漠丝石竹D. chinensis;萹蓄P. aviculare;短翼岩黄耆H. brachypterum;糙苏P. umbrosa;蒙古韭A. mongolicum;大苞鸢尾I. bungei;细叶葱A. tenuissimum;细叶鸢尾I. tenuifolin;野韭A. ramosum;鸦葱S. austriaca;麦瓶草S. conoidea;草芸香H. dauricum | 铁杆蒿T. vulgare | 以多年生双子叶植物为主,叶片大,叶片附属物较多。It is mainly perennial dicots, with large leaves and more leaf appendages. |
表2 4类功能群划分及其各自特征
Table 2 Classification of four functional groups and their respective characteristics
功能群 Functional group | 命名 Name | 部分代表植物 Representative species | 误分植物 Unseemly classified species | 功能性状特性 Trait characteristic |
---|---|---|---|---|
功能群1 Functional group 1 | 灌木-半灌木 Shrub-semi-shrub | 木地肤K. prostrata;冷蒿A. frigida;狭叶锦鸡儿C. stenophylla;小叶锦鸡儿C. microphylla | 独行菜L. apetalum | 木质化程度高,以地上芽植物为主,比叶面积高。The degree of lignification is high, mainly chamaephytes, and specific leaf area is higher. |
功能群2 Functional group 2 | 高大-多年生禾本科植物Tall-perennial grasses | 短花针茅S. breviflora;无芒隐子草C. songorica;糙隐子草C. squarrosa;苔草C. tristachya;羊草L. chinensis;冰草A. cristatum;克氏针茅S. krylovii | 以单子叶(禾本科杂草)植物为主,高度较高,种子传播和繁殖能力较强,叶片C∶N较高。It is mainly monocots (grasses), with higher height, strong seed dispersal and reproductive ability, and high leaf C∶N. | |
功能群3 Functional group 3 | 一、二年生C4类植物 Therophytes and biennial plant, C4 plants | 猪毛蒿A. scoparia;栉叶蒿N. pectinata;虫实C. hyssopifolium;刺藜Chenopodium aristatum;地锦Parthenocisus tricuspidata;狗尾草S. viridis;鹤虱L. myosotis;灰绿藜C. glaucum;尖头叶藜C. acuminatum;小藜C. serotinum;野亚麻L. stelleroides;猪毛菜S. collina;反枝苋A. retroflexus;陕西点地梅A. engleri | 驼绒藜C. latens | 以一、二年生植物为主,多数是C4植物,高度较低,种子和比叶面积小。It is mainly therophytes and biennial plant, mostly C4 plants, with low height, small seeds and specific leaf area. |
功能群4 Functional group 4 | 大叶-多年生双子叶植物Macrophylla-perennial dicots | 阿尔泰狗娃花H. altaicus;银灰旋花C. ammannii;瓣蕊唐松草T. petaloideum;兔唇花L. ilicifolium;星毛委陵菜P. acaulis;荒漠丝石竹D. chinensis;萹蓄P. aviculare;短翼岩黄耆H. brachypterum;糙苏P. umbrosa;蒙古韭A. mongolicum;大苞鸢尾I. bungei;细叶葱A. tenuissimum;细叶鸢尾I. tenuifolin;野韭A. ramosum;鸦葱S. austriaca;麦瓶草S. conoidea;草芸香H. dauricum | 铁杆蒿T. vulgare | 以多年生双子叶植物为主,叶片大,叶片附属物较多。It is mainly perennial dicots, with large leaves and more leaf appendages. |
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