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草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 80-90.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022279

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮肥用量对披碱草属牧草种子产量和氮肥利用效率的影响

李彤瑶1,2(), 周青平1,2, 陈有军1,2, 詹圆1,2, 汪辉1,2()   

  1. 1.四川若尔盖高寒湿地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,四川 成都 610041
    2.西南民族大学青藏高原研究院,四川 成都 610041
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-28 修回日期:2022-08-31 出版日期:2023-03-20 发布日期:2022-12-30
  • 通讯作者: 汪辉
  • 作者简介:E-mail: zzbjwh@163.com
    李彤瑶(1999-),女,重庆南岸人,在读硕士。E-mail: 562583574@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(32001392);财政部和农业农村部—国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-34);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2022NYXXS052)

Effects of nitrogen application rate on seed yield and nitrogen use efficiency of Elymus

Tong-yao LI1,2(), Qing-ping ZHOU1,2, You-jun CHEN1,2, Yuan ZHAN1,2, Hui WANG1,2()   

  1. 1.Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,Chengdu 610041,China
    2.Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China
  • Received:2022-06-28 Revised:2022-08-31 Online:2023-03-20 Published:2022-12-30
  • Contact: Hui WANG

摘要:

氮素是禾本科植物生长和发育所必需的大量元素之一,但过量施用氮肥不仅造成环境污染,而且增加生产成本、降低收益。基于青藏高原地区披碱草属牧草种子需求量大、产量较低的现状,本研究以同德短芒披碱草、青牧1号老芒麦2个披碱草属牧草品种为试验材料,设置0、45、90、135、180和225 kg N·hm-2等6个氮肥施用水平,研究分析了施氮量对披碱草属牧草种子生产和氮肥利用效率的影响,以期为披碱草属牧草种子生产提供理论依据。结果表明,施氮可促进披碱草属牧草生长,能够显著提高其株高、分蘖数等牧草营养生产性状,同时可提高种子产量及单位面积生殖枝数、每穗小穗数、每穗种子数和种子千粒重等产量组分;且随着施氮量的增加,各生长性能指标呈现先增加后降低或趋于稳定的变化趋势。随着施氮量的增加,除青牧1号老芒麦氮肥利用效率先增加后降低外,2个品种氮肥农学利用率和偏生产力逐渐降低。本研究中,同德短芒披碱草和青牧1号老芒麦的种子产量分别为712~1661 kg·hm-2和701~1626 kg·hm-2。从节约成本角度考虑,在川西北高寒地区开展披碱草属牧草种子生产适宜施氮量为135~180 kg·hm-2。相关分析和通径分析的结果表明,种子产量组分中,单位面积生殖枝数和每穗种子数对种子产量的直接贡献较大。

关键词: 披碱草属, 施氮, 产量组分, 种子产量, 氮肥利用率

Abstract:

Nitrogen is one of the crucial macroelements contributing to the growth and development of gramineous (poaceous) plants. However, excessive nitrogen application will result in environmental pollution, increased production costs and a decrease in profitability. Based on the strong demand and the low seed yield of Elymus in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau area, this study investigated the seed yields of two Elymus species under six nitrogen fertilizer application rates. The cultivars investigated were Elymusbreviaristatus cv. Tongdeand Elymus sibiricus cv. Qingmu No. 1. The six nitrogen application treatments in this study were 0, 45, 90, 135, 180 and 225 kg N·ha-1. The effects of nitrogen application on seed production and nitrogen use efficiency of Elymus were analyzed to provide reference data for seed production in Elymus. It was found that nitrogen application promoted the growth of both tested Elymus varieties. Forage vegetative growth was enhanced, including plant height, tillers per unit area, the seed yield and yield components such as fertile tillers per unit area, spikelets per ear, seeds per ear and 1000-seed weight. With increase in nitrogen application rate, the various yield indexes initially increased and then plateaued or decreased. As successive nitrogen increments were added, the agronomic use efficiency of E. sibiricus cv. Qingmu No. 1 initially increased and then decreased, while the agronomic use efficiency and differential N response of both cultivars gradually decreased. In this study, E. breviaristatus cv. Tongde and E. sibiricus cv. Qingmu No. 1 had seed yields of 712-1661 kg·ha-1 and 701-1626 kg·ha-1, respectively. In order to manage and reduce N fertilizer inputs, the recommended N fertilizer application rate was 135-180 kg·ha-1. Correlation analysis and pathway analysis showed that fertile tillers per unit area and seeds per ear contributed more to the increase of seed yield among seed yield components.

Key words: Elymus, nitrogen application, yield components, seed yield, nitrogen utilization rate