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草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (7): 23-37.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022391

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

青藏高原东北边缘云杉-巴山冷杉林火烧迹地草本植物群落主要种生态位特征

周晓雷1(), 杨富强2, 王明军3, 黄海霞1, 田青1,4, 周旭姣5, 赵安6, 贺万鹏1, 赵艳丽1, 姜礼红1   

  1. 1.甘肃农业大学林学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
    2.甘肃省林业职业技术学院园林工程学院,甘肃 天水 741020
    3.甘肃白龙江阿夏省级自然保护区管护中心洛大保护站,甘肃 舟曲 746300
    4.金昌市人民政府,甘肃 金川 737100
    5.甘肃农业大学草业学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
    6.贵州黔东南州林业科学研究所,贵州 凯里 556000
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-06 修回日期:2022-11-21 出版日期:2023-07-20 发布日期:2023-05-26
  • 通讯作者: 周晓雷
  • 作者简介:周晓雷(1973-),男,甘肃通渭人,教授,博士。E-mail: zhouxl@gsau.edu.cn
    周晓雷(1973-),男,甘肃通渭人,教授,博士。E-mail: zhouxl@gsau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省财政厅、甘肃省GEF/OP12项目 “青藏高原东北边缘云杉-冷杉火烧迹地森林演替动态及演替机理研究”(03619078)

Important species’ niche characteristics of population in herbaceous communities at Picea asperata-Abies fargesii forest burned area on the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Xiao-lei ZHOU1(), Fu-qiang YANG2, Ming-jun WANG3, Hai-xia HUANG1, Qing TIAN1,4, Xu-jiao ZHOU5, An ZHAO6, Wan-peng HE1, Yan-li ZHAO1, Li-hong JIANG1   

  1. 1.College of Forestry,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China
    2.Landscape Engineering,Gansu Province Forestry Vocational and Technical College,Tianshui 741020,China
    3.Luoda Protection Station of Gansu Bailongjiang Axia Provincial Nature Reserve Management and Protection Center,Zhouqu 746300,China
    4.Jinchang Municipal Government,Jinchuan 737100,China
    5.Pratacultural College,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China
    6.Qiandongnan Institute of Forestry,Kaili 556000,China
  • Received:2022-10-06 Revised:2022-11-21 Online:2023-07-20 Published:2023-05-26
  • Contact: Xiao-lei ZHOU

摘要:

特定环境下植物的生态位决定植物群落的相对稳定状态。以空间代替时间方法,采用Levins和Shannon-Wiener生态位宽度指数、Pianka和Schoener生态位重叠指数,分析青藏高原东北边缘云杉-巴山冷杉林火烧迹地4个演替阶段群落的种群生态位宽度和生态位重叠程度,并划分群落特化种和泛化种。结果表明:火烧迹地不同演替阶段的草本层主要物种的Levins和Shannon-Wiener生态位宽度指数结果基本一致,同一物种在不同演替阶段的生态位宽度存在差异,生态位宽度23 a>5 a>15 a>顶级群落(Climax)。5 a群落有2个特化种2个泛化种,15 a群落有4个特化种2个泛化种,23 a群落仅有3个特化种,Climax群落有3个特化种5个泛化种。23 a群落的高生态位重叠指数的种对数占比最小,而Climax群落有着较少低生态位重叠指数的种对数;中等生态位重叠指数的种对数占总对数比值大小顺序为Climax>5 a>15 a>23 a。通过研究分析可以得出:青藏高原东北边缘云杉-巴山冷杉林经过重度火干扰后,火烧迹地演替初期的群落(5 a)和受人为定向干扰的群落(23 a),植物生境资源丰富,各植物种的生态位宽度都相对较大、生态位重叠较小,相应地种间竞争小;演替中期(15 a),生态位重叠分离现象明显,群落中的大多数种在资源利用上具有极大的相似性,种间竞争加剧;而Climax属于顶级群落,各种的生态位宽度相对较宽,大多数植物种间生态位重叠不高,竞争较小,群落处于一个相对稳定的状态。除了Climax群落,其他各演替阶段群落所含特化种占特化种与泛化种之和比≥50%,特定的生境促使特化种的形成。适当的人为干预能够提高群落内种的生态位宽度,降低种间的生态位重叠,形成较为稳定的生态群落。

关键词: 草本植物, 生态位, 云杉-巴山冷杉林, 火烧迹地, 青藏高原东北边缘

Abstract:

The ecological niche of plants in a given environment determines the relative stability of plant communities. Using the ‘space for time’ method, four plant communities at different stages of successional development since occurrence of fire (5, 15 and 23 years, and Climax i.e. no fire) on the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were chosen for study. Levins and Shannon-Wiener niche breadth indexes and Pianka and Schoener niche overlap indexes were used to calculate herbaceous population niche width and niche overlap degree, and the specialist and generalist species of communities were separated. It was found that the Levins and Shannon-Wiener niche breadth index of herbaceous species at different succession stages were basically the same, and there was a different niche breadth for the same species. The dominant species niche width of the four communities ranked 23 yrs>5 yrs>15 yrs>Climax. For the specialist and generalist species, respectively, there were 2 and 2 at 5 years, 4 and 2 at 15 years, 3 and 0 at 23 years and 3 and 5 in the Climax succession. Species pairwise numbers with severe niche overlap were the smallest at 23 years, while species pairwise numbers with slight niche overlap were smallest in the Climax succession. The ranking for species pairwise numbers of moderate niche overlap was Climax>5 years>15 years>23 years. After severe fire disturbance of Picea asperata-Abies fargesii forest, the plant communities representing 5 years early succession of the burned area and 23 years succession (disturbed by human beings) were rich in plant habitat resources. The niche width of each group was relatively large, the niche overlap was small, and the competition among the corresponding populations was small. At the moderate stage of succession (15 years), the phenomenon of niche overlap and separation was obvious, most species in the community had great similarities in resource utilization, and interspecific competition was intensified. The Climax community can be considered more stable, with a relatively high niche width, the majority of species not having high niche overlap, and with a high similarity in resource utilization between the different species. Except for the Climax community, the ratio of specialist species to generalist species in each community succession stage was ≥50%, and the existence of specific habitats promote the appearance of specialist species. Appropriate human intervention can increase the niche width of species in the community, reduce the overlap of ecological niches between species, and form a relatively ecologically stable community.

Key words: herbaceous plant, ecological niche, Picea asperata-Abies fargesii forest, burned area, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau