欢迎访问《草业学报》官方网站,今天是 分享到:

草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (11): 149-160.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024008

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

江西红壤绿肥季施用磷矿粉的磷素效应

吕帅磊1(), 常单娜1(), 周国朋1, 刘蕊2, 赵鑫1, 刘佳3, 徐昌旭3, 曹卫东1()   

  1. 1.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室,北京 100081
    2.甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070
    3.江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所,江西 南昌 330200
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-04 修回日期:2024-04-29 出版日期:2024-11-20 发布日期:2024-09-09
  • 通讯作者: 曹卫东
  • 作者简介:E-mail: caoweidong@caas.cn
    吕帅磊(1999-),男,河南周口人,在读硕士。E-mail: lvshuailei2023@163.com
    常单娜(1987-),女,河南新乡人,助理研究员,博士。E-mail: changdanna@caas.cn第一联系人:(吕帅磊、常单娜并列第一作者)
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700200);国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610132022013);绿肥种质资源安全保存(19230869);国家作物种质资源库绿肥分库运行服务(NCGRC-2023-19);中国农业科学院科技创新工程资助

The phosphorus effect of applying phosphate rock powder during the green manure season in red soil of Jiangxi Province

Shuai-lei LYU1(), Dan-na CHANG1(), Guo-peng ZHOU1, Rui LIU2, Xin ZHAO1, Jia LIU3, Chang-xu XU3, Wei-dong CAO1()   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China
    2.Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science,College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China
    3.Institute of Soil & Fertilizer and Resource & Environment,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang 330200,China
  • Received:2024-01-04 Revised:2024-04-29 Online:2024-11-20 Published:2024-09-09
  • Contact: Wei-dong CAO

摘要:

绿肥-水稻轮作是我国南方稻田常见的生产模式,研究绿肥活化磷矿粉的效果及对后茬水稻产量、磷素吸收的影响,可为江西红壤利用磷矿粉替代部分磷肥提供理论支撑。在江西南昌开展盆栽试验,设置绿肥种类和磷矿粉用量双因素,绿肥种类为紫云英(MV)、油菜(RA)、黑麦草(RY)及冬闲(WF)对照;磷矿粉用量为0(P0)、0.74(P1)和1.48 g·kg-1(P2),共12个处理。测定绿肥盛花期干物重、磷素吸收量、土壤磷库和磷酸酶活性,早稻、晚稻产量及磷素吸收量。结果显示,MVP2、RAP2和RYP2处理的地上部干物重分别为18.31、18.07和25.33 g·pot-1,较P0处理分别增加42.0%、42.7%和38.6%;磷素吸收量分别为49.10、60.83和36.13 mg·pot-1,较P0处理分别提高40.5%、86.7%和45.5%。与P0处理相比,施用磷矿粉增加了不同处理土壤总磷、微生物量磷含量和稳定性磷库占比,增幅分别为13.4%~34.2%、23.0%~93.2%和4.0%~10.6%。与WF处理相比,绿肥处理活性磷库占比提高0.4%~1.0%,中等活性磷库占比降低0.6%~2.9%。各处理早稻和晚稻籽粒产量分别为26.33~45.87 g·pot-1和39.17~49.04 g·pot-1。与P0处理相比,MVP1和MVP2处理晚稻籽粒产量分别增加8.5%和11.8%,早稻籽粒磷素吸收量分别提高34.4%和23.3%,MVP1处理晚稻籽粒磷素吸收量提高30.3%;RAP1处理晚稻籽粒产量增加9.1%;RYP1处理早稻籽粒磷素吸收量提高20.0%。与WF处理相比,MVP1、RAP1和RYP1处理早稻季磷矿粉利用率分别提高了2.2%、1.5%和2.3%,MVP2处理提高了1.9%,MVP1处理晚稻季磷矿粉利用率提高了2.6%。综上,施用磷矿粉提高了绿肥生物量及磷素吸收量,紫云英和油菜活化磷矿粉效果优于黑麦草,紫云英处理后茬水稻的产量及磷素吸收量、磷矿粉利用率高于油菜和黑麦草处理。

关键词: 绿肥, 磷矿粉, 水稻产量, 水稻磷素吸收

Abstract:

Rotation of rice and green manure crops is a common practice in red soil rice fields in southern China. This study investigated the effect of green manure on activating phosphate rock powder and its impact on the yield and phosphorus absorption of subsequent rice crops, to test the efficacy of using phosphate rock powder to replace phosphate fertilizer in red paddy soil. Pot experiments comprising two factors: green manure cultivars and rate of phosphate rock powder, were conducted in Nanchang city, Jiangxi Province. The green manure crops tested were Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus) (MV), rape (Brassica napus) (RA), and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) (RY) with a winter fallow (WF) as control. The phosphate rock powder application rates were 0 (P0), 0.74 (P1), and 1.48 g·kg-1 (P2). The dry weight of green manure during flowering, phosphorus absorption, the soil phosphorus pool, and phosphatase activity were measured, as well as the yield and phosphorus absorption of early and late rice. The results showed that the average aboveground dry matter weights of MVP2, RAP2, and RYP2 treatments were 18.31, 18.07, and 25.33 g·pot-1, respectively. These values were increases of 42.0%, 42.7%, and 38.6%, respectively, compared to the P0 treatment. The average phosphorus absorption amounts were 49.10, 60.83, and 36.13 mg·pot-1, respectively, representing increases of 40.5%, 86.7%, and 45.5%, respectively, compared to the P0 treatment. Compared to the P0 treatment, applying phosphate rock powder increased soil total phosphorus, microbial phosphorus content, and stable phosphorus pool percentage by 13.4%-34.2%, 23.0%- 93.2%, and 4.0%-10.6% respectively. Compared to WF treatment, the active phosphorus pool ratio in green manure treatments increased by 0.4%-1.0%, while the moderately active phosphorus pool ratio decreased by 0.6%-2.9%. The average grain yields of early and late rice were 26.33-45.87 g·pot-1 and 39.17-49.04 g·pot-1 respectively. Compared to the P0 treatment, the late rice grain yield increased by 8.5% and 11.8% in the MVP1 and MVP2 treatments, respectively, and the phosphorus absorption of early rice increased by 34.4% and 23.3% in the MVP1 and MVP2 treatments, respectively. The RAP1 treatment increased the late rice grain yield by 9.1%. The phosphorus absorption of early rice increased by 20.0% in the RYP1 treatment. Compared with the WF treatment, the utilization rates of phosphate rock powder in the early rice season for MVP1, RAP1, and RYP1 treatments increased by 2.2%, 1.5%, and 2.3%, respectively. For the MVP2 treatment, there was an increase of 1.9%. Additionally, the utilization rate of phosphate rock powder for MVP1 treatment in the late rice season increased by 2.6%. In conclusion, applying phosphate rock powder increased the biomass and phosphorus absorption of green manure, with better solubilization effects observed in Chinese milk vetch and rape than ryegrass. Using Chinese milk vetch as the green manure crop resulted in higher yield, phosphorus absorption, and phosphate rock powder utilization efficiency in second-crop rice than rape and ryegrass treatments.

Key words: green manure, phosphate rock powder, rice yield, rice phosphorus absorption