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草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (11): 58-68.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024017

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

宁夏中部不同年限退耕压砂地土壤质量评价

王思瑶1,2,3,4(), 邱开阳1,2,3,4(), 王建宇1()   

  1. 1.宁夏大学林业与草业学院,宁夏 银川 750021
    2.宁夏草牧业工程技术研究中心,宁夏 银川 750021
    3.农业农村部饲草高效生产模式创新重点实验室,宁夏 银川 750021
    4.宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地,宁夏 银川 750021
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-11 修回日期:2024-03-11 出版日期:2024-11-20 发布日期:2024-09-09
  • 通讯作者: 邱开阳,王建宇
  • 作者简介:w305y517@nxu.edu.cn
    E-mail: kaiyangqiu@nxu.edu.cn
    王思瑶(1998-),女,宁夏银川人,在读硕士。E-mail: wwangsiyao@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏自然科学基金项目(2022AAC03082)

Evaluation of soil quality change over time when retiring cultivated farmland on gravel-sand mulched fields in central Ningxia

Si-yao WANG1,2,3,4(), Kai-yang QIU1,2,3,4(), Jian-yu WANG1()   

  1. 1.College of Forestry and Prataculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
    2.Ningxia Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
    3.Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,P. R. China,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
    4.Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecosystem Restoration in Northwest China,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
  • Received:2024-01-11 Revised:2024-03-11 Online:2024-11-20 Published:2024-09-09
  • Contact: Kai-yang QIU,Jian-yu WANG

摘要:

探讨宁夏压砂区域退出耕地对土壤性状和土壤质量的影响,对于促进黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展先行区建设具有重要的生态学意义。以宁夏中卫市环香山地区退耕压砂地为研究对象,采用空间序列代替时间序列的方法,选取地势平缓一致、土壤类型相同的不同退耕年限压砂地,研究压砂地退耕2、5、10、15、20、30和100 a的土壤理化性质及酶活性的变化,采用隶属函数结合因子分析的方法评价压砂地退耕不同年限下的土壤质量。结果表明:1)自退耕5 a后,土壤全钾含量整体随退耕年限增加呈下降趋势;土壤硝态氮含量在退耕2 a时最高,其余年限间无显著差异;土壤全磷、有效磷、速效钾含量随退耕年限增加呈波动变化趋势,分别在退耕15、2、15 a时最高。2)土壤孔隙度随退耕年限增加呈先减后增趋势;田间持水量和土壤含水量均于退耕2 a时最大,退耕5 a时急剧降低,之后随年限增加显著增加;土壤含水量在退耕20 a后趋于稳定。3)土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶活性随退耕年限增加呈先下降后升高趋势,两者均在退耕30 a时活性最大。4)不同退耕年限土壤质量综合得分为2 a>30 a>100 a>15 a>20 a>10 a>5 a,退耕恢复2 a时土壤质量评价得分最高,综上所述,压砂地退耕2 a土壤质量有一定恢复,退耕5 a时土壤质量衰退,并随退耕年限增加土壤质量呈正向演替的趋势。

关键词: 压砂地, 土壤质量, 退耕地, 恢复, 土壤性状

Abstract:

Information on the change over time in soil properties when retiring cultivated land in Ningxia’s gravel-sand mulched field areas is highly relevant for advancing ecological conservation and constructing high-quality development pilot zones in the Yellow River Basin. Focusing on the gravel-sand mulched fields in the Xiangshan area of Zhongwei City, Ningxia, a spatial sequence method was employed instead of a time series approach. Gravel-sand mulched fields with consistent terrain and soil type are selected for study of the variations in soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 100 years after retirement from cultivation. The soil quality for these fields with differing retirement dates was evaluated using a combination of subordinate function and factor analysis methods. Results indicate: 1) Soil potassium content decreased overall after five years of retirement. Soil nitrate-nitrogen content peaked at two years of retirement, with no significant differences between other periods. Soil total phosphorus, available phosphorus, and available potassium content fluctuated with years of retirement, peaking at 15, 2, and 15 years of retiring, respectively. 2) Soil porosity initially decreased and then increased with increased years of retirement. Field capacity and soil moisture content were highest at two years after retirement, sharply decreased at five years, and significantly increased with years of retirement, thereafter. Soil water content tended to be stable after 20 years of returning farmland. 3) Soil urease and invertase activities initially decreased and then increased with increasing years of retirement, both peaking at 30 years of retirement. 4) The multi-trait scores for soil quality under different retirement periods were ranked: 2 years>30 years>100 years>15 years>20 years>10 years>5 years. Soil quality evaluation scores peaked at 2 years of retirement. We interpreted this to indicate that after an initial recovery evident at 2 years, a decline is seen at 5 years, and then soil quality improves with time in retirement.

Key words: gravel-sand mulched field, soil quality, returning farmland, restoration, soil properties