草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 150-160.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023138
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
苏尧1(), 叶苏梅1, 鲁梦醒1, 马跃2, 王玉宝1, 王珊珊3, 柴如山1, 叶新新1, 张震1, 马超1()
收稿日期:
2023-04-26
修回日期:
2023-07-03
出版日期:
2024-03-20
发布日期:
2023-12-27
通讯作者:
马超
作者简介:
E-mail: chaoma@ahau.edu.cn基金资助:
Yao SU1(), Su-mei YE1, Meng-xing LU1, Yue MA2, Yu-bao WANG1, Shan-shan WANG3, Ru-shan CHAI1, Xin-xin YE1, Zhen ZHANG1, Chao MA1()
Received:
2023-04-26
Revised:
2023-07-03
Online:
2024-03-20
Published:
2023-12-27
Contact:
Chao MA
摘要:
整合分析不同环境条件下秸秆还田对农田杂草多度和多样性的影响, 可为秸秆还田利用情景下的草害防控提供科学依据。本研究基于2000-2022年间发表的41篇关于秸秆还田对草害影响的论文, 整理得到426组杂草多度和多样性数据, 并运用整合分析方法, 探讨作物类型、秸秆还田量、土壤质地、气候条件等因素对秸秆还田抑草效应的影响。结果表明: 1)与秸秆不还田相比, 秸秆还田总体上可显著降低农田杂草多度和多样性, 抑制效应分别为-42.4%和-8.5%。2)不同条件下秸秆还田的抑草效应存在差异。其中, 作物类型是影响秸秆还田对杂草多度抑制效应的关键因子, 将秸秆还于稻田、玉米田或油菜田可显著降低杂草多度, 抑制效应分别为-62.3%、-34.6%和-56.9%, 而将秸秆还于小麦田时的抑制效应(-7.1%)不显著; 秸秆还田量是影响秸秆还田对杂草多样性抑制效应的关键因子, 回归分析结果显示: 随着秸秆还田量的增加, 秸秆还田对杂草多样性的抑制效应显著增强(R2=0.021, P<0.05)。因此, 秸秆还田可有效抑制农田草害的发生, 而在不同条件下其对杂草多度和多样性的抑制效应存在差异。综合来看, 在亚热带季风气候区将秸秆以>7000 kg·hm-2的量还于稻田对杂草多度的抑制效果最好, 而在温带季风气候区以同等量的秸秆还于油菜田时可以更好地抑制杂草多样性。
苏尧, 叶苏梅, 鲁梦醒, 马跃, 王玉宝, 王珊珊, 柴如山, 叶新新, 张震, 马超. 整合分析秸秆还田对农田杂草多度和多样性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(3): 150-160.
Yao SU, Su-mei YE, Meng-xing LU, Yue MA, Yu-bao WANG, Shan-shan WANG, Ru-shan CHAI, Xin-xin YE, Zhen ZHANG, Chao MA. Effects of straw return on farmland weed abundance and diversity: A meta-analysis[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(3): 150-160.
影响因素Influence factor | 分类亚组Classification of sub-group |
---|---|
气候类型Climate type | 亚热带季风气候STM、温带季风气候NTM、温带大陆性气候NTC |
年平均降水量MAP (mm) | <800、800~1200、>1200 |
年平均气温MAT (℃) | <15、15~25 |
土壤质地Soil texture | 砂土Sand、壤土Loam、黏土Clay |
土壤有机质SOM (g·kg-1) | <15、15~25、>25 |
土壤酸碱性Soil pH | <6.5、6.5~7.5、>7.5 |
秸秆类型Straw type | 水稻Rice、小麦Wheat、玉米Maize、油菜Brassica napus |
还田方式Straw return pattern | 翻埋还田Bury、覆盖还田Overlay |
耕作方式Tillage method | 翻耕Turn over、免耕No-tillage、旋耕Rotary tillage |
秸秆还田量Amount of straw returning (kg·hm-2) | <4000、4000~7000、>7000 |
还田条件Returning condition | 水田Paddy、旱地Dry land |
作物类型Crop type | 水稻Rice、小麦Wheat、玉米Maize、油菜Rape |
表1 试验相关数据分类
Table 1 Classification of experiment data
影响因素Influence factor | 分类亚组Classification of sub-group |
---|---|
气候类型Climate type | 亚热带季风气候STM、温带季风气候NTM、温带大陆性气候NTC |
年平均降水量MAP (mm) | <800、800~1200、>1200 |
年平均气温MAT (℃) | <15、15~25 |
土壤质地Soil texture | 砂土Sand、壤土Loam、黏土Clay |
土壤有机质SOM (g·kg-1) | <15、15~25、>25 |
土壤酸碱性Soil pH | <6.5、6.5~7.5、>7.5 |
秸秆类型Straw type | 水稻Rice、小麦Wheat、玉米Maize、油菜Brassica napus |
还田方式Straw return pattern | 翻埋还田Bury、覆盖还田Overlay |
耕作方式Tillage method | 翻耕Turn over、免耕No-tillage、旋耕Rotary tillage |
秸秆还田量Amount of straw returning (kg·hm-2) | <4000、4000~7000、>7000 |
还田条件Returning condition | 水田Paddy、旱地Dry land |
作物类型Crop type | 水稻Rice、小麦Wheat、玉米Maize、油菜Rape |
图1 秸秆还田对农田草害的整体影响a: 试验点分布情况; b: 秸秆还田对杂草多度和多样性的整体影响。点和误差线分别代表效应值及95%置信区间, 如果95%置信区间没有跨越零线表示处理与对照存在显著差异; 括号内的数值代表样本数。下同。“·”表示秸秆还田处理相比秸秆不还田处理对杂草多度和多样性的整体影响。该图基于审图号为GS(2019)1719号的标准地图制作,底图无修改。a: Distribution of test sites. b: Overall effects of straw returning on weed abundance and diversity. Dots with error bars denote the effect size and 95% confidence interval, respectively. The 95% confidence interval that do not overlap zero line means significant difference between treatment and control. Numbers are the pairs of comparisons. The same below. “·” represents the impact of straw returning on weed abundance and diversity compared with non-returning treatment.The map was based on the standard map with the drawing review No. GS(2019)1719, and the base map was not modified.
Fig.1 Overall effects of straw returning on farmland weeds
图2 不同条件下秸秆还田对农田杂草多度的影响若在某一分组下95%置信区间的横线之间无重叠, 可认为所研究因素之间存在差异显著的统计学关联。“·”表示秸秆还田处理相比秸秆不还田处理对杂草多度的影响。STM: 亚热带季风气候Subtropical monsoon climate; NTM: 温带季风气候Temperate monsoon climate; NTC: 温带大陆性气候Temperate continental climate。If there is no overlap between the horizontal lines of 95% confidence interval in a given group, it can be considered that there are statistical correlations with significant differences among the factors studied. “·” represents the impact of straw returning on weed abundance compared with non-returning treatment. SOM: Soil organic matter. 下同。The same below.
Fig.2 Effects of straw returning on farmland weed abundance under different conditions
图4 影响秸秆还田对农田草害发生的预测因子的相对重要性分析a: 影响秸秆还田对杂草多度抑制效应的预测因子的相对重要性分析; b: 影响秸秆还田对杂草多样性抑制效应的预测因子的相对重要性分析; 带*的因子即为显著因子。SA: 秸秆还田量; MAT: 年平均气温; MAP: 年平均降水量; TF: 还田条件; SOM: 土壤有机质; ST: 土壤质地; TM: 耕作方式; SRP: 还田方式。下同。a: Model-averaged importance of the predictors for the effects of straw returning on weed abundance. b: Model-averaged importance of the predictors for the effects of straw returning on weed diversity. The significant factors are marked with *. SA: Amount of straw returning; MAT: Annual mean temperature; MAP: Annual mean precipitation; TF: Returning condition; SOM: Soil organic matter; ST: Soil texture; TM: Tillage method; SRP: Straw return pattern. The same below.
Fig.4 Model-averaged importance of the predictors for the effects of straw returning on farmland weeds
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