草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 120-133.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022269
马嵩科1(), 霍克2, 张冬霞1, 张静1, 张俊豪1, 柴雪茹1, 王贺正1()
收稿日期:
2022-06-21
修回日期:
2022-09-19
出版日期:
2023-06-20
发布日期:
2023-04-21
通讯作者:
王贺正
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: wanghezh@163.com基金资助:
Song-ke MA1(), Ke HUO2, Dong-xia ZHANG1, Jing ZHANG1, Jun-hao ZHANG1, Xue-ru CHAI1, He-zheng WANG1()
Received:
2022-06-21
Revised:
2022-09-19
Online:
2023-06-20
Published:
2023-04-21
Contact:
He-zheng WANG
摘要:
为阐明玉米秸秆还田配施氮肥条件下土壤酶活性、氮肥利用效率及产量的变化规律,本试验选用洛旱22为材料,采用裂区试验设计,主区为玉米秸秆还田处理,分别为秸秆不还田(S0)、秸秆全量还田(S1),副区为施氮量处理,分别为 0 (N0)、120(N1)、180 (N2)、240(N3)和300 kg·hm-2 (N4),测定了小麦各生育期0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶及蛋白酶活性,并分析计算小麦产量、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥表观回收率、氮肥偏生产力和氮素吸收效率。结果表明:1)秸秆还田配施氮肥处理较单施氮肥处理提高了土壤酶活性、氮肥利用效率和小麦产量,小麦产量以秸秆还田配施氮肥240 kg·hm-2处理最高,较无秸秆还田不施氮处理增产36.92%。2)土壤酶活性均随施氮量的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,除拔节期脲酶和蔗糖酶以施氮量180 kg·hm-2时活性最高,其他生育期土壤酶均以施氮量240 kg·hm-2时活性最高。此外,随着土层深度的增加,土壤酶活性逐渐下降。3)随着施氮量的增加,氮肥农学利用率和氮肥表观回收率先上升后下降,以施氮量180 kg·hm-2最高,氮肥偏生产力和氮素吸收效率则表现为逐渐降低。4)土壤酶活性与小麦产量呈显著正相关,与氮肥农学利用率和氮肥表观回收率呈正相关。各生育期,除脲酶活性在拔节期与氮素吸收效率和氮肥偏生产力呈正相关,其他土壤酶活性与之均呈负相关。在豫西旱作区小麦生产中,秸秆还田配施180~240 kg·hm-2氮肥可减少氮肥过量损失、改善土壤环境、实现氮素资源高效利用。
马嵩科, 霍克, 张冬霞, 张静, 张俊豪, 柴雪茹, 王贺正. 玉米秸秆还田配施氮肥对豫西旱地小麦土壤酶活性和氮肥利用效率的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2023, 32(6): 120-133.
Song-ke MA, Ke HUO, Dong-xia ZHANG, Jing ZHANG, Jun-hao ZHANG, Xue-ru CHAI, He-zheng WANG. Effects of maize straw return combined with nitrogen on soil enzyme activity and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in western dryland wheat fields of Henan Province[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(6): 120-133.
处理 Treatment | 穗数 Number of panicles (×104 | 穗粒数 Number of spikes | 千粒重 1000 grain weight (g) | 产量 Yield (kg |
---|---|---|---|---|
S0N0 | 491.67b | 31.63c | 43.74c | 5155.84c |
S0N1 | 514.67b | 32.60bc | 44.13c | 5647.79b |
S0N2 | 521.33b | 33.53ab | 44.60b | 6315.53a |
S0N3 | 540.33a | 34.70a | 45.61a | 6638.48a |
S0N4 | 525.00b | 32.57bc | 46.00a | 6231.36a |
S1N0 | 504.67b | 32.16bc | 44.70b | 5564.39c |
S1N1 | 529.00ab | 33.59ab | 45.01b | 6352.74b |
S1N2 | 537.00ab | 34.03a | 45.69b | 6857.22a |
S1N3 | 567.67a | 35.39a | 46.65a | 7059.33a |
S1N4 | 536.33ab | 34.70a | 45.49b | 6731.35ab |
S | 7.67** | 28.33** | 39.41** | 41.49** |
N | 9.23** | 31.62** | 25.33** | 46.38** |
S×N | 0.23 | 2.76** | 2.88 | 0.48 |
表 1 秸秆还田配施氮肥对小麦产量及构成因素的影响
Table 1 Effects of straw return combined with nitrogen fertilizer on wheat yield and components
处理 Treatment | 穗数 Number of panicles (×104 | 穗粒数 Number of spikes | 千粒重 1000 grain weight (g) | 产量 Yield (kg |
---|---|---|---|---|
S0N0 | 491.67b | 31.63c | 43.74c | 5155.84c |
S0N1 | 514.67b | 32.60bc | 44.13c | 5647.79b |
S0N2 | 521.33b | 33.53ab | 44.60b | 6315.53a |
S0N3 | 540.33a | 34.70a | 45.61a | 6638.48a |
S0N4 | 525.00b | 32.57bc | 46.00a | 6231.36a |
S1N0 | 504.67b | 32.16bc | 44.70b | 5564.39c |
S1N1 | 529.00ab | 33.59ab | 45.01b | 6352.74b |
S1N2 | 537.00ab | 34.03a | 45.69b | 6857.22a |
S1N3 | 567.67a | 35.39a | 46.65a | 7059.33a |
S1N4 | 536.33ab | 34.70a | 45.49b | 6731.35ab |
S | 7.67** | 28.33** | 39.41** | 41.49** |
N | 9.23** | 31.62** | 25.33** | 46.38** |
S×N | 0.23 | 2.76** | 2.88 | 0.48 |
处理 Treatment | 籽粒Grain | 茎 Stem | 叶Leaf | 颖壳 Shell | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
积累量 Accumulation ( | 积累占比 Accumulation ratio (%) | 积累量 Accumulation ( | 积累占比 Accumulation ratio (%) | 积累量 Accumulation ( | 积累占比 Accumulation ratio (%) | 积累量 Accumulation ( | 积累占比 Accumulation ratio (%) | |
S0N0 | 86.77d | 76.71c | 14.50d | 12.82b | 1.22e | 1.08e | 10.62e | 9.39a |
S0N1 | 102.22c | 77.38b | 17.04c | 12.90b | 1.69d | 1.28d | 11.14d | 8.43b |
S0N2 | 121.31b | 78.30a | 19.87b | 12.83b | 2.20c | 1.42c | 11.53c | 7.44c |
S0N3 | 127.68b | 77.57ab | 21.60ab | 13.12a | 3.23b | 1.96b | 12.08b | 7.34c |
S0N4 | 136.82a | 77.89ab | 22.58a | 12.85b | 3.93a | 2.24a | 12.33a | 7.02cd |
S1N0 | 107.00d | 80.17a | 13.60b | 10.19c | 1.63e | 1.22d | 11.22e | 8.41a |
S1N1 | 128.66c | 78.36b | 21.36a | 13.01a | 2.33d | 1.42c | 11.84d | 7.21b |
S1N2 | 143.21b | 79.02ab | 22.67a | 12.51ab | 2.90c | 1.60b | 12.44c | 6.87bc |
S1N3 | 148.42ab | 78.73b | 23.15a | 12.28b | 4.18b | 2.22a | 12.77b | 6.79bc |
S1N4 | 153.91a | 78.64b | 23.98a | 12.25b | 4.54a | 2.32a | 13.27a | 6.78bc |
S | 238.12** | 29.61** | 23.18** | 11.81** | 423.83** | 46.20** | 323.82** | 96.43** |
N | 159.64** | 1.04 | 42.54** | 4.14* | 553.81** | 330.73** | 138.59** | 101.64** |
S×N | 1.21 | 3.94* | 7.34** | 3.46* | 7.11** | 1.16 | 2.55 | 5.58** |
表2 秸秆还田配施氮肥对小麦各器官氮素积累量的影响
Table 2 Effects of straw return combined with nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen accumulation of wheat organs
处理 Treatment | 籽粒Grain | 茎 Stem | 叶Leaf | 颖壳 Shell | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
积累量 Accumulation ( | 积累占比 Accumulation ratio (%) | 积累量 Accumulation ( | 积累占比 Accumulation ratio (%) | 积累量 Accumulation ( | 积累占比 Accumulation ratio (%) | 积累量 Accumulation ( | 积累占比 Accumulation ratio (%) | |
S0N0 | 86.77d | 76.71c | 14.50d | 12.82b | 1.22e | 1.08e | 10.62e | 9.39a |
S0N1 | 102.22c | 77.38b | 17.04c | 12.90b | 1.69d | 1.28d | 11.14d | 8.43b |
S0N2 | 121.31b | 78.30a | 19.87b | 12.83b | 2.20c | 1.42c | 11.53c | 7.44c |
S0N3 | 127.68b | 77.57ab | 21.60ab | 13.12a | 3.23b | 1.96b | 12.08b | 7.34c |
S0N4 | 136.82a | 77.89ab | 22.58a | 12.85b | 3.93a | 2.24a | 12.33a | 7.02cd |
S1N0 | 107.00d | 80.17a | 13.60b | 10.19c | 1.63e | 1.22d | 11.22e | 8.41a |
S1N1 | 128.66c | 78.36b | 21.36a | 13.01a | 2.33d | 1.42c | 11.84d | 7.21b |
S1N2 | 143.21b | 79.02ab | 22.67a | 12.51ab | 2.90c | 1.60b | 12.44c | 6.87bc |
S1N3 | 148.42ab | 78.73b | 23.15a | 12.28b | 4.18b | 2.22a | 12.77b | 6.79bc |
S1N4 | 153.91a | 78.64b | 23.98a | 12.25b | 4.54a | 2.32a | 13.27a | 6.78bc |
S | 238.12** | 29.61** | 23.18** | 11.81** | 423.83** | 46.20** | 323.82** | 96.43** |
N | 159.64** | 1.04 | 42.54** | 4.14* | 553.81** | 330.73** | 138.59** | 101.64** |
S×N | 1.21 | 3.94* | 7.34** | 3.46* | 7.11** | 1.16 | 2.55 | 5.58** |
图1 秸秆还田配施氮肥对小麦氮肥利用效率的影响不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05水平上差异显著。*:P<0.05:**:P<0.01;ns:P>0.05。S:秸秆还田,N:施氮,S×N:秸秆还田与施氮互作。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level between treatments. *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ns: P>0.05.S: Straw returning, N: Nitrogen fertilizer, S×N: Straw returning×nitrogen fertilizer.
Fig.1 Effects of straw return combined with nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen use efficiency of wheat
土层 Soil depth | 处理 Treatment | 拔节期 Jointing | 孕穗期 Booting | 开花期 Anthesis | 灌浆期 Filling | 成熟期 Maturity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0~20 cm | S0N0 | 1.05d | 0.80b | 1.88c | 3.08d | 1.95e |
S0N1 | 1.26bc | 0.93ab | 1.99bc | 3.41c | 2.02d | |
S0N2 | 1.43a | 1.02ab | 2.06b | 3.51bc | 2.13c | |
S0N3 | 1.28b | 1.20a | 2.34a | 3.78a | 2.28a | |
S0N4 | 1.14c | 1.13a | 2.13b | 3.63ab | 2.22b | |
S1N0 | 1.09d | 0.93c | 2.02d | 3.61c | 2.10e | |
S1N1 | 1.42bc | 1.02b | 2.22c | 3.79b | 2.18d | |
S1N2 | 1.60a | 1.14a | 2.40ab | 3.89b | 2.26c | |
S1N3 | 1.53b | 1.30ab | 2.56a | 4.21a | 2.37a | |
S1N4 | 1.36c | 1.22d | 2.32bc | 4.06a | 2.29b | |
方差分析和F值 Variance analysis and F value | S | 51.08** | 10.58** | 26.44** | 62.17** | 156.20** |
N | 67.44** | 6.21* | 49.91** | 235.72** | 584.62** | |
S×N | 0.95 | 0.04 | 0.98 | 0.75 | 3.40* | |
20~40 cm | S0N0 | 0.95b | 0.72d | 1.56c | 2.40d | 1.54e |
S0N1 | 1.10a | 0.82c | 1.69bc | 2.54c | 1.62d | |
S0N2 | 1.25a | 0.89bc | 1.85b | 2.61bc | 1.69c | |
S0N3 | 1.19a | 1.01a | 2.08a | 2.95a | 1.81a | |
S0N4 | 1.11a | 0.95ab | 1.76b | 2.69b | 1.76b | |
S1N0 | 0.98c | 0.83d | 1.80c | 2.86c | 1.71e | |
S1N1 | 1.21b | 0.91c | 1.94c | 3.00b | 1.80c | |
S1N2 | 1.45a | 1.00b | 2.10b | 3.04b | 1.87b | |
S1N3 | 1.26b | 1.16a | 2.40a | 3.27a | 1.97a | |
S1N4 | 1.16b | 1.02b | 2.17b | 3.10b | 1.88b | |
方差分析和F值 Variance analysis and F value | S | 23.32** | 53.86** | 33.81** | 31.51** | 222.47** |
N | 14.83** | 53.92** | 86.27** | 216.33** | 1442.57** | |
S×N | 0.77 | 0.71 | 1.06 | 0.89 | 1.54 |
表3 秸秆还田配施氮肥对土壤脲酶活性的影响
Table 3 Effects of straw return combined with nitrogen fertilizer on soil urease activity (NH4+-N mg·g-1·d-1)
土层 Soil depth | 处理 Treatment | 拔节期 Jointing | 孕穗期 Booting | 开花期 Anthesis | 灌浆期 Filling | 成熟期 Maturity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0~20 cm | S0N0 | 1.05d | 0.80b | 1.88c | 3.08d | 1.95e |
S0N1 | 1.26bc | 0.93ab | 1.99bc | 3.41c | 2.02d | |
S0N2 | 1.43a | 1.02ab | 2.06b | 3.51bc | 2.13c | |
S0N3 | 1.28b | 1.20a | 2.34a | 3.78a | 2.28a | |
S0N4 | 1.14c | 1.13a | 2.13b | 3.63ab | 2.22b | |
S1N0 | 1.09d | 0.93c | 2.02d | 3.61c | 2.10e | |
S1N1 | 1.42bc | 1.02b | 2.22c | 3.79b | 2.18d | |
S1N2 | 1.60a | 1.14a | 2.40ab | 3.89b | 2.26c | |
S1N3 | 1.53b | 1.30ab | 2.56a | 4.21a | 2.37a | |
S1N4 | 1.36c | 1.22d | 2.32bc | 4.06a | 2.29b | |
方差分析和F值 Variance analysis and F value | S | 51.08** | 10.58** | 26.44** | 62.17** | 156.20** |
N | 67.44** | 6.21* | 49.91** | 235.72** | 584.62** | |
S×N | 0.95 | 0.04 | 0.98 | 0.75 | 3.40* | |
20~40 cm | S0N0 | 0.95b | 0.72d | 1.56c | 2.40d | 1.54e |
S0N1 | 1.10a | 0.82c | 1.69bc | 2.54c | 1.62d | |
S0N2 | 1.25a | 0.89bc | 1.85b | 2.61bc | 1.69c | |
S0N3 | 1.19a | 1.01a | 2.08a | 2.95a | 1.81a | |
S0N4 | 1.11a | 0.95ab | 1.76b | 2.69b | 1.76b | |
S1N0 | 0.98c | 0.83d | 1.80c | 2.86c | 1.71e | |
S1N1 | 1.21b | 0.91c | 1.94c | 3.00b | 1.80c | |
S1N2 | 1.45a | 1.00b | 2.10b | 3.04b | 1.87b | |
S1N3 | 1.26b | 1.16a | 2.40a | 3.27a | 1.97a | |
S1N4 | 1.16b | 1.02b | 2.17b | 3.10b | 1.88b | |
方差分析和F值 Variance analysis and F value | S | 23.32** | 53.86** | 33.81** | 31.51** | 222.47** |
N | 14.83** | 53.92** | 86.27** | 216.33** | 1442.57** | |
S×N | 0.77 | 0.71 | 1.06 | 0.89 | 1.54 |
土层 Soil depth | 处理 Treatment | 拔节期 Jointing | 孕穗期 Booting | 开花期 Anthesis | 灌浆期 Filling | 成熟期 Maturity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0~20 cm | S0N0 | 25.64d | 30.92d | 41.11d | 56.13d | 50.82c |
S0N1 | 33.59b | 39.22c | 46.76bc | 60.82c | 56.56b | |
S0N2 | 40.35a | 46.17b | 52.72a | 70.07b | 59.58b | |
S0N3 | 34.01b | 52.58a | 47.43b | 82.18a | 69.74a | |
S0N4 | 30.07c | 46.03b | 43.90cd | 71.50b | 60.15b | |
S1N0 | 31.00d | 33.25e | 52.47b | 62.84c | 57.58d | |
S1N1 | 38.83b | 43.97d | 55.36ab | 64.60c | 64.46c | |
S1N2 | 46.84a | 49.84c | 55.41ab | 75.31b | 69.30b | |
S1N3 | 39.27b | 55.84a | 56.75a | 88.72a | 75.31a | |
S1N4 | 32.99c | 52.50b | 53.78ab | 76.65b | 64.64c | |
方差分析和F值 Variance analysis and F value | S | 382.08** | 167.10** | 205.96** | 157.09** | 138.75** |
N | 417.03** | 187.59** | 120.95** | 441.42** | 103.19** | |
S×N | 5.30* | 2.67 | 4.45* | 1.48 | 2.18 | |
20~40 cm | S0N0 | 21.40d | 22.18d | 31.92d | 37.74d | 37.32e |
S0N1 | 27.71b | 27.89c | 34.24c | 44.22c | 41.71d | |
S0N2 | 34.31a | 30.99b | 43.49ab | 50.42b | 49.01c | |
S0N3 | 29.19b | 35.64a | 44.01a | 61.25a | 55.60a | |
S0N4 | 25.00c | 31.58b | 43.13b | 52.33b | 50.88b | |
S1N0 | 25.53c | 23.14d | 43.24d | 45.48d | 44.29e | |
S1N1 | 33.26b | 30.54c | 45.88b | 51.52c | 50.03d | |
S1N2 | 38.47a | 35.96b | 46.08b | 57.91b | 55.53c | |
S1N3 | 33.03b | 39.12a | 49.08a | 66.64a | 63.14a | |
S1N4 | 30.58b | 35.08b | 44.48bcd | 60.86b | 58.34b | |
方差分析和F值 Variance analysis and F value | S | 110.60** | 39.54** | 117.54** | 178.44** | 292.02** |
N | 133.18** | 55.06** | 146.16** | 163.51** | 369.64** | |
S×N | 0.87 | 1.13 | 62.49** | 0.83 | 0.63 |
表4 秸秆还田配施氮肥对土壤蔗糖酶活性的影响
Table 4 Effects of straw return combined with nitrogen fertilizer on soil invertase activity(mg·g-1·d-1)
土层 Soil depth | 处理 Treatment | 拔节期 Jointing | 孕穗期 Booting | 开花期 Anthesis | 灌浆期 Filling | 成熟期 Maturity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0~20 cm | S0N0 | 25.64d | 30.92d | 41.11d | 56.13d | 50.82c |
S0N1 | 33.59b | 39.22c | 46.76bc | 60.82c | 56.56b | |
S0N2 | 40.35a | 46.17b | 52.72a | 70.07b | 59.58b | |
S0N3 | 34.01b | 52.58a | 47.43b | 82.18a | 69.74a | |
S0N4 | 30.07c | 46.03b | 43.90cd | 71.50b | 60.15b | |
S1N0 | 31.00d | 33.25e | 52.47b | 62.84c | 57.58d | |
S1N1 | 38.83b | 43.97d | 55.36ab | 64.60c | 64.46c | |
S1N2 | 46.84a | 49.84c | 55.41ab | 75.31b | 69.30b | |
S1N3 | 39.27b | 55.84a | 56.75a | 88.72a | 75.31a | |
S1N4 | 32.99c | 52.50b | 53.78ab | 76.65b | 64.64c | |
方差分析和F值 Variance analysis and F value | S | 382.08** | 167.10** | 205.96** | 157.09** | 138.75** |
N | 417.03** | 187.59** | 120.95** | 441.42** | 103.19** | |
S×N | 5.30* | 2.67 | 4.45* | 1.48 | 2.18 | |
20~40 cm | S0N0 | 21.40d | 22.18d | 31.92d | 37.74d | 37.32e |
S0N1 | 27.71b | 27.89c | 34.24c | 44.22c | 41.71d | |
S0N2 | 34.31a | 30.99b | 43.49ab | 50.42b | 49.01c | |
S0N3 | 29.19b | 35.64a | 44.01a | 61.25a | 55.60a | |
S0N4 | 25.00c | 31.58b | 43.13b | 52.33b | 50.88b | |
S1N0 | 25.53c | 23.14d | 43.24d | 45.48d | 44.29e | |
S1N1 | 33.26b | 30.54c | 45.88b | 51.52c | 50.03d | |
S1N2 | 38.47a | 35.96b | 46.08b | 57.91b | 55.53c | |
S1N3 | 33.03b | 39.12a | 49.08a | 66.64a | 63.14a | |
S1N4 | 30.58b | 35.08b | 44.48bcd | 60.86b | 58.34b | |
方差分析和F值 Variance analysis and F value | S | 110.60** | 39.54** | 117.54** | 178.44** | 292.02** |
N | 133.18** | 55.06** | 146.16** | 163.51** | 369.64** | |
S×N | 0.87 | 1.13 | 62.49** | 0.83 | 0.63 |
土层 Soil depth | 处理 Treatment | 拔节期 Jointing | 孕穗期 Booting | 开花期 Anthesis | 灌浆期 Filling | 成熟期 Maturity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0~20 cm | S0N0 | 3.33b | 3.49b | 3.48b | 3.62c | 3.45b |
S0N1 | 3.38b | 3.57b | 3.57ab | 3.69bc | 3.52b | |
S0N2 | 3.41b | 3.64ab | 3.65a | 3.80ab | 3.62ab | |
S0N3 | 3.58a | 3.81a | 3.69a | 3.96a | 3.74a | |
S0N4 | 3.41b | 3.61b | 3.66a | 3.73bc | 3.56ab | |
S1N0 | 3.68c | 3.66b | 3.68b | 3.87c | 3.69c | |
S1N1 | 3.70c | 3.79ab | 3.75a | 3.91c | 3.73c | |
S1N2 | 3.81b | 3.76ab | 3.81a | 4.09ab | 3.89ab | |
S1N3 | 3.93a | 3.89a | 3.89a | 4.14a | 3.94a | |
S1N4 | 3.80b | 3.77ab | 3.86a | 3.98bc | 3.79bc | |
方差分析和F值 Variance analysis and F value | S | 824.20** | 21.55** | 34.14** | 63.79** | 59.89** |
N | 47.50** | 7.84** | 10.22** | 13.19** | 10.45** | |
S×N | 1.32 | 0.32 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.18 | |
20~40 cm | S0N0 | 2.92c | 3.17b | 3.21c | 3.30b | 3.15b |
S0N1 | 3.03bc | 3.32ab | 3.32b | 3.40b | 3.23ab | |
S0N2 | 3.09b | 3.32ab | 3.38b | 3.44ab | 3.27ab | |
S0N3 | 3.24a | 3.50a | 3.50a | 3.58a | 3.31a | |
S0N4 | 3.02bc | 3.34ab | 3.39b | 3.43ab | 3.27ab | |
S1N0 | 3.18c | 3.43b | 3.44ab | 3.60c | 3.43c | |
S1N1 | 3.20c | 3.44b | 3.60ab | 3.54c | 3.37c | |
S1N2 | 3.32b | 3.49ab | 3.66a | 3.74b | 3.56b | |
S1N3 | 3.41a | 3.63a | 3.77a | 3.90a | 3.68a | |
S1N4 | 3.34b | 3.54ab | 3.71a | 3.77b | 3.59ab | |
方差分析和F值 Variance analysis and F value | S | 118.25** | 33.38** | 71.72** | 121.92** | 107.64** |
N | 18.89** | 8.13** | 10.21** | 17.07** | 8.83** | |
S×N | 1.77 | 0.73 | 0.20 | 1.95 | 2.12 |
表5 秸秆还田配施氮肥对土壤过氧化氢酶活性的影响
Table 5 Effects of straw return combined with nitrogen fertilizer on soil catalase activity (0.1 mol·L-1 KMnO4 mL·g-1·20 min-1)
土层 Soil depth | 处理 Treatment | 拔节期 Jointing | 孕穗期 Booting | 开花期 Anthesis | 灌浆期 Filling | 成熟期 Maturity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0~20 cm | S0N0 | 3.33b | 3.49b | 3.48b | 3.62c | 3.45b |
S0N1 | 3.38b | 3.57b | 3.57ab | 3.69bc | 3.52b | |
S0N2 | 3.41b | 3.64ab | 3.65a | 3.80ab | 3.62ab | |
S0N3 | 3.58a | 3.81a | 3.69a | 3.96a | 3.74a | |
S0N4 | 3.41b | 3.61b | 3.66a | 3.73bc | 3.56ab | |
S1N0 | 3.68c | 3.66b | 3.68b | 3.87c | 3.69c | |
S1N1 | 3.70c | 3.79ab | 3.75a | 3.91c | 3.73c | |
S1N2 | 3.81b | 3.76ab | 3.81a | 4.09ab | 3.89ab | |
S1N3 | 3.93a | 3.89a | 3.89a | 4.14a | 3.94a | |
S1N4 | 3.80b | 3.77ab | 3.86a | 3.98bc | 3.79bc | |
方差分析和F值 Variance analysis and F value | S | 824.20** | 21.55** | 34.14** | 63.79** | 59.89** |
N | 47.50** | 7.84** | 10.22** | 13.19** | 10.45** | |
S×N | 1.32 | 0.32 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.18 | |
20~40 cm | S0N0 | 2.92c | 3.17b | 3.21c | 3.30b | 3.15b |
S0N1 | 3.03bc | 3.32ab | 3.32b | 3.40b | 3.23ab | |
S0N2 | 3.09b | 3.32ab | 3.38b | 3.44ab | 3.27ab | |
S0N3 | 3.24a | 3.50a | 3.50a | 3.58a | 3.31a | |
S0N4 | 3.02bc | 3.34ab | 3.39b | 3.43ab | 3.27ab | |
S1N0 | 3.18c | 3.43b | 3.44ab | 3.60c | 3.43c | |
S1N1 | 3.20c | 3.44b | 3.60ab | 3.54c | 3.37c | |
S1N2 | 3.32b | 3.49ab | 3.66a | 3.74b | 3.56b | |
S1N3 | 3.41a | 3.63a | 3.77a | 3.90a | 3.68a | |
S1N4 | 3.34b | 3.54ab | 3.71a | 3.77b | 3.59ab | |
方差分析和F值 Variance analysis and F value | S | 118.25** | 33.38** | 71.72** | 121.92** | 107.64** |
N | 18.89** | 8.13** | 10.21** | 17.07** | 8.83** | |
S×N | 1.77 | 0.73 | 0.20 | 1.95 | 2.12 |
土层 Soil depth | 处理 Treatments | 拔节期 Jointing | 孕穗期 Booting | 开花期 Anthesis | 灌浆期 Filling | 成熟期 Maturity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0~20 cm | S0N0 | 0.59d | 0.46c | 0.35c | 1.10c | 0.66e |
S0N1 | 0.70c | 0.49c | 0.37c | 1.27b | 0.75d | |
S0N2 | 0.75b | 0.56b | 0.45b | 1.29b | 0.83c | |
S0N3 | 0.83a | 0.60a | 0.57a | 1.45a | 0.94a | |
S0N4 | 0.80a | 0.55b | 0.35c | 1.28b | 0.89b | |
S1N0 | 0.66d | 0.57e | 0.46d | 1.34cd | 0.77e | |
S1N1 | 0.75c | 0.65d | 0.53c | 1.39bc | 0.87d | |
S1N2 | 0.83b | 0.73c | 0.61b | 1.43b | 1.06b | |
S1N3 | 0.87a | 0.88a | 0.67a | 1.52a | 1.17a | |
S1N4 | 0.77c | 0.80b | 0.61b | 1.41b | 1.03c | |
方差分析和F值 Variance analysis and F value | S | 21.55** | 30.13** | 65.70** | 124.87** | 81.91** |
N | 69.05** | 75.57* | 107.25** | 94.28** | 247.46** | |
S×N | 4.04* | 7.37** | 3.27* | 4.22* | 11.35* | |
20~40 cm | S0N0 | 0.52d | 0.40d | 0.30f | 0.97e | 0.61d |
S0N1 | 0.54d | 0.45cd | 0.32d | 1.11d | 0.69c | |
S0N2 | 0.60c | 0.48bc | 0.38b | 1.24b | 0.76b | |
S0N3 | 0.70b | 0.56a | 0.41a | 1.35a | 0.85a | |
S0N4 | 0.74a | 0.52ab | 0.35c | 1.19c | 0.75b | |
S1N0 | 0.56c | 0.53d | 0.36bc | 1.25c | 0.69b | |
S1N1 | 0.61c | 0.55d | 0.42cd | 1.34bc | 0.82ab | |
S1N2 | 0.68b | 0.63c | 0.48b | 1.38b | 0.96ab | |
S1N3 | 0.81a | 0.74a | 0.54a | 1.45a | 1.09a | |
S1N4 | 0.74b | 0.68b | 0.45bc | 1.40ab | 0.75b | |
方差分析和F值 Variance analysis and F value | S | 16.60** | 96.50** | 51.53** | 32.22** | 6.81** |
N | 7.99* | 848.28** | 968.95** | 125.13** | 9.21** | |
S×N | 3.61* | 12.39** | 30.97** | 4.13* | 1.01 |
表6 秸秆还田配施氮肥对土壤蛋白酶活性的影响
Table 6 Effects of straw return combined with nitrogen fertilizer on soil protease activity (NH3-N mg·g-1·d-1)
土层 Soil depth | 处理 Treatments | 拔节期 Jointing | 孕穗期 Booting | 开花期 Anthesis | 灌浆期 Filling | 成熟期 Maturity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0~20 cm | S0N0 | 0.59d | 0.46c | 0.35c | 1.10c | 0.66e |
S0N1 | 0.70c | 0.49c | 0.37c | 1.27b | 0.75d | |
S0N2 | 0.75b | 0.56b | 0.45b | 1.29b | 0.83c | |
S0N3 | 0.83a | 0.60a | 0.57a | 1.45a | 0.94a | |
S0N4 | 0.80a | 0.55b | 0.35c | 1.28b | 0.89b | |
S1N0 | 0.66d | 0.57e | 0.46d | 1.34cd | 0.77e | |
S1N1 | 0.75c | 0.65d | 0.53c | 1.39bc | 0.87d | |
S1N2 | 0.83b | 0.73c | 0.61b | 1.43b | 1.06b | |
S1N3 | 0.87a | 0.88a | 0.67a | 1.52a | 1.17a | |
S1N4 | 0.77c | 0.80b | 0.61b | 1.41b | 1.03c | |
方差分析和F值 Variance analysis and F value | S | 21.55** | 30.13** | 65.70** | 124.87** | 81.91** |
N | 69.05** | 75.57* | 107.25** | 94.28** | 247.46** | |
S×N | 4.04* | 7.37** | 3.27* | 4.22* | 11.35* | |
20~40 cm | S0N0 | 0.52d | 0.40d | 0.30f | 0.97e | 0.61d |
S0N1 | 0.54d | 0.45cd | 0.32d | 1.11d | 0.69c | |
S0N2 | 0.60c | 0.48bc | 0.38b | 1.24b | 0.76b | |
S0N3 | 0.70b | 0.56a | 0.41a | 1.35a | 0.85a | |
S0N4 | 0.74a | 0.52ab | 0.35c | 1.19c | 0.75b | |
S1N0 | 0.56c | 0.53d | 0.36bc | 1.25c | 0.69b | |
S1N1 | 0.61c | 0.55d | 0.42cd | 1.34bc | 0.82ab | |
S1N2 | 0.68b | 0.63c | 0.48b | 1.38b | 0.96ab | |
S1N3 | 0.81a | 0.74a | 0.54a | 1.45a | 1.09a | |
S1N4 | 0.74b | 0.68b | 0.45bc | 1.40ab | 0.75b | |
方差分析和F值 Variance analysis and F value | S | 16.60** | 96.50** | 51.53** | 32.22** | 6.81** |
N | 7.99* | 848.28** | 968.95** | 125.13** | 9.21** | |
S×N | 3.61* | 12.39** | 30.97** | 4.13* | 1.01 |
酶Enzyme | 生育期Growth stage | 产量Yield | NAE | NRE | NUE | PFPN |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
脲酶Urease | 拔节期Jointing | 0.699** | 0.439 | 0.378 | 0.070 | 0.161 |
孕穗期Booting | 0.852** | 0.155 | 0.364 | -0.735** | -0.758** | |
开花期Anthesis | 0.857** | 0.112 | 0.321 | -0.574* | -0.528* | |
灌浆期Filling | 0.804** | 0.149 | 0.423 | -0.721** | -0.696** | |
成熟期Maturity | 0.695** | 0.497 | 0.090 | -0.559* | -0.565* | |
蔗糖酶Invertase | 拔节期Jointing | 0.556* | 0.454 | 0.525* | 0.203 | 0.280 |
孕穗期Booting | 0.841** | 0.137 | 0.323 | -0.774** | -0.705** | |
开花期Anthesis | 0.693** | 0.353 | 0.461 | -0.553* | -0.521* | |
灌浆期Filling | 0.852** | 0.133 | 0.313 | -0.754** | -0.707** | |
成熟期Maturity | 0.799** | 0.068 | 0.173 | -0.750** | -0.701** | |
过氧化氢酶Catalase | 拔节期Jointing | 0.656* | 0.216 | 0.327 | -0.354 | -0.306 |
孕穗期Booting | 0.592* | 0.055 | 0.271 | -0.408 | -0.366 | |
开花期Anthesis | 0.776** | 0.423 | 0.383 | -0.597* | -0.604* | |
灌浆期Filling | 0.682** | 0.146 | 0.371 | -0.460 | -0.372 | |
成熟期Maturity | 0.469 | 0.132 | 0.322 | -0.407 | -0.324 | |
蛋白酶Protease | 拔节期Jointing | 0.782** | 0.063 | 0.165 | -0.935** | -0.924** |
孕穗期Booting | 0.825** | 0.259 | 0.385 | -0.775** | -0.753** | |
开花期Anthesis | 0.555* | 0.086 | 0.232 | -0.268 | -0.176 | |
灌浆期Filling | 0.741** | 0.245 | 0.124 | -0.508* | -0.462 | |
成熟期Maturity | 0.863** | 0.110 | 0.001 | -0.786** | -0.759** |
表7 S0处理下土壤酶活性与氮肥利用效率及产量的相关性系数
Table 7 Correlation coefficient of soil enzyme activity and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and yield under S0 treatment
酶Enzyme | 生育期Growth stage | 产量Yield | NAE | NRE | NUE | PFPN |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
脲酶Urease | 拔节期Jointing | 0.699** | 0.439 | 0.378 | 0.070 | 0.161 |
孕穗期Booting | 0.852** | 0.155 | 0.364 | -0.735** | -0.758** | |
开花期Anthesis | 0.857** | 0.112 | 0.321 | -0.574* | -0.528* | |
灌浆期Filling | 0.804** | 0.149 | 0.423 | -0.721** | -0.696** | |
成熟期Maturity | 0.695** | 0.497 | 0.090 | -0.559* | -0.565* | |
蔗糖酶Invertase | 拔节期Jointing | 0.556* | 0.454 | 0.525* | 0.203 | 0.280 |
孕穗期Booting | 0.841** | 0.137 | 0.323 | -0.774** | -0.705** | |
开花期Anthesis | 0.693** | 0.353 | 0.461 | -0.553* | -0.521* | |
灌浆期Filling | 0.852** | 0.133 | 0.313 | -0.754** | -0.707** | |
成熟期Maturity | 0.799** | 0.068 | 0.173 | -0.750** | -0.701** | |
过氧化氢酶Catalase | 拔节期Jointing | 0.656* | 0.216 | 0.327 | -0.354 | -0.306 |
孕穗期Booting | 0.592* | 0.055 | 0.271 | -0.408 | -0.366 | |
开花期Anthesis | 0.776** | 0.423 | 0.383 | -0.597* | -0.604* | |
灌浆期Filling | 0.682** | 0.146 | 0.371 | -0.460 | -0.372 | |
成熟期Maturity | 0.469 | 0.132 | 0.322 | -0.407 | -0.324 | |
蛋白酶Protease | 拔节期Jointing | 0.782** | 0.063 | 0.165 | -0.935** | -0.924** |
孕穗期Booting | 0.825** | 0.259 | 0.385 | -0.775** | -0.753** | |
开花期Anthesis | 0.555* | 0.086 | 0.232 | -0.268 | -0.176 | |
灌浆期Filling | 0.741** | 0.245 | 0.124 | -0.508* | -0.462 | |
成熟期Maturity | 0.863** | 0.110 | 0.001 | -0.786** | -0.759** |
酶Enzyme | 生育期Growth stage | 产量Yield | NAE | NRE | NUE | PFPN |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
脲酶Urease | 拔节期Jointing | 0.737** | 0.566** | 0.493 | 0.217 | 0.199 |
孕穗期Booting | 0.848** | 0.370 | 0.537* | -0.763** | -0.741** | |
开花期Anthesis | 0.883** | 0.505* | 0.407 | -0.616* | -0.584* | |
灌浆期Filling | 0.699** | 0.298 | 0.326 | -0.743** | -0.704** | |
成熟期Maturity | 0.479 | 0.494 | 0.338 | -0.555* | -0.610* | |
蔗糖酶Invertase | 拔节期Jointing | 0.042 | 0.547* | 0.313 | 0.409 | 0.405 |
孕穗期Booting | 0.866** | 0.415 | 0.594* | -0.769** | -0.745** | |
开花期Anthesis | 0.651* | 0.491 | 0.570* | -0.589** | -0.637** | |
灌浆期Filling | 0.822** | 0.413 | 0.520* | -0.744** | -0.749** | |
成熟期Maturity | 0.777** | 0.317 | 0.482 | -0.612* | -0.595** | |
过氧化氢酶Catalase | 拔节期Jointing | 0.764** | 0.540* | 0.199 | -0.758** | -0.718** |
孕穗期Booting | 0.606* | 0.269 | 0.237 | -0.449 | -0.429 | |
开花期Anthesis | 0.536* | 0.350 | 0.261 | -0.550* | -0.563* | |
灌浆期Filling | 0.829** | 0.454 | 0.376 | -0.666** | -0.605* | |
成熟期Maturity | 0.818** | 0.205 | 0.453 | -0.698** | -0.602* | |
蛋白酶Protease | 拔节期Jointing | 0.748** | 0.069 | 0.465 | -0.654* | -0.638* |
孕穗期Booting | 0.794** | 0.300 | 0.448 | -0.847** | -0.824** | |
开花期Anthesis | 0.409 | 0.722** | 0.541* | -0.366 | -0.330 | |
灌浆期Filling | 0.778** | 0.497* | 0.315 | -0.529* | -0.542* | |
成熟期Maturity | 0.552* | 0.364 | 0.446 | -0.325 | -0.319 |
表8 S1处理下土壤酶活性与氮肥利用效率及产量的相关性系数
Table 8 Correlation coefficient of soil enzyme activity and nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and yield under S1 treatment
酶Enzyme | 生育期Growth stage | 产量Yield | NAE | NRE | NUE | PFPN |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
脲酶Urease | 拔节期Jointing | 0.737** | 0.566** | 0.493 | 0.217 | 0.199 |
孕穗期Booting | 0.848** | 0.370 | 0.537* | -0.763** | -0.741** | |
开花期Anthesis | 0.883** | 0.505* | 0.407 | -0.616* | -0.584* | |
灌浆期Filling | 0.699** | 0.298 | 0.326 | -0.743** | -0.704** | |
成熟期Maturity | 0.479 | 0.494 | 0.338 | -0.555* | -0.610* | |
蔗糖酶Invertase | 拔节期Jointing | 0.042 | 0.547* | 0.313 | 0.409 | 0.405 |
孕穗期Booting | 0.866** | 0.415 | 0.594* | -0.769** | -0.745** | |
开花期Anthesis | 0.651* | 0.491 | 0.570* | -0.589** | -0.637** | |
灌浆期Filling | 0.822** | 0.413 | 0.520* | -0.744** | -0.749** | |
成熟期Maturity | 0.777** | 0.317 | 0.482 | -0.612* | -0.595** | |
过氧化氢酶Catalase | 拔节期Jointing | 0.764** | 0.540* | 0.199 | -0.758** | -0.718** |
孕穗期Booting | 0.606* | 0.269 | 0.237 | -0.449 | -0.429 | |
开花期Anthesis | 0.536* | 0.350 | 0.261 | -0.550* | -0.563* | |
灌浆期Filling | 0.829** | 0.454 | 0.376 | -0.666** | -0.605* | |
成熟期Maturity | 0.818** | 0.205 | 0.453 | -0.698** | -0.602* | |
蛋白酶Protease | 拔节期Jointing | 0.748** | 0.069 | 0.465 | -0.654* | -0.638* |
孕穗期Booting | 0.794** | 0.300 | 0.448 | -0.847** | -0.824** | |
开花期Anthesis | 0.409 | 0.722** | 0.541* | -0.366 | -0.330 | |
灌浆期Filling | 0.778** | 0.497* | 0.315 | -0.529* | -0.542* | |
成熟期Maturity | 0.552* | 0.364 | 0.446 | -0.325 | -0.319 |
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