草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (10): 16-29.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024455
李婷1(
), 杨鑫光2(
), 段成伟1, 孙华方1, 高涛2, 陈同德2, 杨凯2, 杨千慧2
收稿日期:2024-11-19
修回日期:2024-12-27
出版日期:2025-10-20
发布日期:2025-07-11
通讯作者:
杨鑫光
作者简介:E-mail: yangxg618@163.com基金资助:
Ting LI1(
), Xin-guang YANG2(
), Cheng-wei DUAN1, Hua-fang SUN1, Tao GAO2, Tong-de CHEN2, Kai YANG2, Qian-hui YANG2
Received:2024-11-19
Revised:2024-12-27
Online:2025-10-20
Published:2025-07-11
Contact:
Xin-guang YANG
摘要:
高寒受损煤矿区生态系统恢复是世界性难题之一,通过优选恢复措施开展推广应用,对于保障矿区生态系统稳定具有重要意义。本研究通过设置禾本科(同德短芒披碱草、青海冷地早熟禾、青海草地早熟禾、中华羊茅)、豆科(花苜蓿、黄花草木樨、紫花苜蓿)、禾本科+豆科3种播种方式,按照羊板粪和渣土不同比例设置重施肥(1∶5)、中施肥(1∶8)、轻施肥(1∶11)、不施肥4种施肥水平(12种处理),同时选择草地生态系统健康评价模型OCVOR,定量判断不同恢复措施、不同恢复年限下的植被生长、土壤性质变化及生态系统健康状况。结果表明:随着恢复年限的增加,禾本科+豆科草地在重施肥和中施肥水平下(HBF1、HBF2)有利于植被盖度和地上生物量稳定;3种播种方式下土壤有机碳、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量均表现为先上升、后下降趋势;恢复第3年,随着施肥量的增加,土壤有机碳和碱解氮含量逐步增加(P<0.05),而速效磷和速效钾含量变化规律不明显。随着恢复年限的增加,禾本科草地在重施肥、中施肥、轻施肥下(HF1、HF2、HF3),豆科草地在重施肥下(BF1)OCVOR指数显著增加(P<0.05),禾本科+豆科草地在重施肥、中施肥、轻施肥下(HBF1、HBF2、HBF3)OCVOR指数极显著增加(P<0.01);除BF1外,HF1、HF2、HF3、HBF1、HBF2、HBF3处理下生态系统健康程度和恢复效果均表现为不健康、一般,与恢复1年相比,恢复3年后6种处理下的OCVOR指数分别增加了28.61%、33.03%、11.46%、38.96%、33.79%、9.83%,其中增幅最大的为HBF1。综合来看,禾本科+豆科混播在重施肥处理下(HBF1)更有利于木里矿区生态系统健康稳定。
李婷, 杨鑫光, 段成伟, 孙华方, 高涛, 陈同德, 杨凯, 杨千慧. 不同施肥和混播条件下高寒受损煤矿区人工草地生态系统健康评价研究[J]. 草业学报, 2025, 34(10): 16-29.
Ting LI, Xin-guang YANG, Cheng-wei DUAN, Hua-fang SUN, Tao GAO, Tong-de CHEN, Kai YANG, Qian-hui YANG. An investigation into the health of synthetic grassland ecosystems in high-alpine regions under varied fertilization and mixed planting circumstances recovering from coal mining damage[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(10): 16-29.
图1 江仓5号井遥感地理位置基于自然资源部标准地图服务网站GS(2024)0650号标准地图制作,底图边界无修改。Based on the standard map service website GS(2024)0650 of the Ministry of Natural Resources, the boundary of the base map is not modified.
Fig.1 Remote sensing geographic location of Jiangcang No.5 well
图2 牧草混播+土壤改良的双因素随机试验小区设计H表示禾本科牧草,B表示豆科牧草,HB表示禾本科与豆科牧草的混合;F1为羊板粪与渣土比例1∶5,F2为羊板粪与渣土比例1∶8,F3为羊板粪与渣土比例1∶11,F4为不施用羊板粪。H represents gramineous grass, B represents leguminous grass, and HB represents the mixture of gramineous grass and leguminous grass. F1 is 1∶5 proportions of sheep manure and slag soil, F2 is 1∶8 proportions of sheep manure and slag soil, F3 is 1∶11 proportions of sheep manure and slag soil, F4 is not applied sheep manure.
Fig.2 Design of a two-factor randomized community experiment based on grass mixing and soil improvement
序号 Number | 健康指数 Health index | 健康等级 Health rank | 恢复效果 Restoration effect |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.80≤V≤1.00 | 健康Health | 很好Very good |
| 2 | 0.60≤V<0.80 | 亚健康Sub-health | 好Good |
| 3 | 0.40≤V<0.60 | 不健康Unhealthy | 一般General |
| 4 | 0.20≤V<0.40 | 警戒Warning | 差Poor |
| 5 | 0.00≤V<0.20 | 崩溃Collapse | 很差Very poor |
表1 高寒矿区人工草地生态系统健康评价指数及等级
Table 1 Indexes and ranks of artificial grassland health evaluation in alpine mining areas
序号 Number | 健康指数 Health index | 健康等级 Health rank | 恢复效果 Restoration effect |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.80≤V≤1.00 | 健康Health | 很好Very good |
| 2 | 0.60≤V<0.80 | 亚健康Sub-health | 好Good |
| 3 | 0.40≤V<0.60 | 不健康Unhealthy | 一般General |
| 4 | 0.20≤V<0.40 | 警戒Warning | 差Poor |
| 5 | 0.00≤V<0.20 | 崩溃Collapse | 很差Very poor |
图3 不同恢复年限不同恢复措施下的植被特征不同大写字母表示相同处理不同恢复年限之间差异性显著(P<0.05),不同小写字母表示相同恢复年限不同处理之间差异性显著(P<0.05),下同。The different uppercase letters represent the significant differences among different recovery years for the same treatment (P<0.05), the different lowercase letters represent the significant differences among different treatments within the same recovery year (P<0.05). The same below.
Fig.3 Vegetation characteristics under different restoration years and management practices
处理 Treatment | 恢复1年Recovery for 1 year | 恢复2年Recovery for 2 years | 恢复3年Recovery for 3 years | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OCVOR指数 OCVOR index | 健康水平 Health level | 恢复效果 Restoration effect | OCVOR指数 OCVOR index | 健康水平 Health level | 恢复效果 Restoration effect | OCVOR指数 OCVOR index | 健康水平 Health level | 恢复效果 Restoration effect | |
| HF1 | 0.39±0.07bcd | 警戒Warning | 差Poor | 0.41±0.06bcd | 不健康Unhealthy | 一般General | 0.50±0.08bc | 不健康Unhealthy | 一般General |
| HF2 | 0.40±0.02bc | 不健康Unhealthy | 一般General | 0.40±0.06bcd | 不健康Unhealthy | 一般General | 0.54±0.04b | 不健康Unhealthy | 一般General |
| HF3 | 0.41±0.02bc | 不健康Unhealthy | 一般General | 0.39±0.06bcd | 警戒Warning | 差Poor | 0.46±0.04c | 不健康Unhealthy | 一般General |
| HF4 | 0.35±0.03def | 警戒Warning | 差Poor | 0.36±0.02de | 警戒Warning | 差Poor | 0.27±0.04e | 警戒Warning | 差Poor |
| BF1 | 0.34±0.02ef | 警戒Warning | 差Poor | 0.31±0.07ef | 警戒Warning | 差Poor | 0.39±0.09d | 警戒Warning | 差Poor |
| BF2 | 0.39±0.04bcd | 警戒Warning | 差Poor | 0.31±0.07ef | 警戒Warning | 差Poor | 0.38±0.08d | 警戒Warning | 差Poor |
| BF3 | 0.36±0.04def | 警戒Warning | 差Poor | 0.30±0.06f | 警戒Warning | 差Poor | 0.34±0.06d | 警戒Warning | 差Poor |
| BF4 | 0.31±0.07f | 警戒Warning | 差Poor | 0.26±0.04f | 警戒Warning | 差Poor | 0.19±0.06f | 崩溃Collapse | 很差Very poor |
| HBF1 | 0.37±0.03cde | 警戒Warning | 差Poor | 0.43±0.02b | 不健康Unhealthy | 一般General | 0.51±0.03bc | 不健康Unhealthy | 一般General |
| HBF2 | 0.36±0.04def | 警戒Warning | 差Poor | 0.42±0.03bc | 不健康Unhealthy | 一般General | 0.48±0.03bc | 不健康Unhealthy | 一般General |
| HBF3 | 0.42±0.02b | 不健康Unhealthy | 一般General | 0.44±0.02b | 不健康Unhealthy | 一般General | 0.46±0.02c | 不健康Unhealthy | 一般General |
| HBF4 | 0.38±0.02bcde | 警戒Warning | 差Poor | 0.37±0.02cd | 警戒Warning | 差Poor | 0.36±0.02d | 警戒Warning | 差Poor |
| UG | 1.00±0.00a | 健康Health | 很好Very good | 1.00±0.00a | 健康Health | 很好Very good | 1.00±0.00a | 健康Health | 很好Very good |
| CK | 0.00±0.00g | 崩溃Collapse | 很差Very poor | 0.00±0.00g | 崩溃Collapse | 很差Very poor | 0.00±0.00g | 崩溃Collapse | 很差Very poor |
表2 不同恢复年限不同恢复措施下的草地生态系统健康及恢复效果评价
Table 2 Evaluation of grassland ecosystem health and restoration effects under different restoration years and management practices
处理 Treatment | 恢复1年Recovery for 1 year | 恢复2年Recovery for 2 years | 恢复3年Recovery for 3 years | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OCVOR指数 OCVOR index | 健康水平 Health level | 恢复效果 Restoration effect | OCVOR指数 OCVOR index | 健康水平 Health level | 恢复效果 Restoration effect | OCVOR指数 OCVOR index | 健康水平 Health level | 恢复效果 Restoration effect | |
| HF1 | 0.39±0.07bcd | 警戒Warning | 差Poor | 0.41±0.06bcd | 不健康Unhealthy | 一般General | 0.50±0.08bc | 不健康Unhealthy | 一般General |
| HF2 | 0.40±0.02bc | 不健康Unhealthy | 一般General | 0.40±0.06bcd | 不健康Unhealthy | 一般General | 0.54±0.04b | 不健康Unhealthy | 一般General |
| HF3 | 0.41±0.02bc | 不健康Unhealthy | 一般General | 0.39±0.06bcd | 警戒Warning | 差Poor | 0.46±0.04c | 不健康Unhealthy | 一般General |
| HF4 | 0.35±0.03def | 警戒Warning | 差Poor | 0.36±0.02de | 警戒Warning | 差Poor | 0.27±0.04e | 警戒Warning | 差Poor |
| BF1 | 0.34±0.02ef | 警戒Warning | 差Poor | 0.31±0.07ef | 警戒Warning | 差Poor | 0.39±0.09d | 警戒Warning | 差Poor |
| BF2 | 0.39±0.04bcd | 警戒Warning | 差Poor | 0.31±0.07ef | 警戒Warning | 差Poor | 0.38±0.08d | 警戒Warning | 差Poor |
| BF3 | 0.36±0.04def | 警戒Warning | 差Poor | 0.30±0.06f | 警戒Warning | 差Poor | 0.34±0.06d | 警戒Warning | 差Poor |
| BF4 | 0.31±0.07f | 警戒Warning | 差Poor | 0.26±0.04f | 警戒Warning | 差Poor | 0.19±0.06f | 崩溃Collapse | 很差Very poor |
| HBF1 | 0.37±0.03cde | 警戒Warning | 差Poor | 0.43±0.02b | 不健康Unhealthy | 一般General | 0.51±0.03bc | 不健康Unhealthy | 一般General |
| HBF2 | 0.36±0.04def | 警戒Warning | 差Poor | 0.42±0.03bc | 不健康Unhealthy | 一般General | 0.48±0.03bc | 不健康Unhealthy | 一般General |
| HBF3 | 0.42±0.02b | 不健康Unhealthy | 一般General | 0.44±0.02b | 不健康Unhealthy | 一般General | 0.46±0.02c | 不健康Unhealthy | 一般General |
| HBF4 | 0.38±0.02bcde | 警戒Warning | 差Poor | 0.37±0.02cd | 警戒Warning | 差Poor | 0.36±0.02d | 警戒Warning | 差Poor |
| UG | 1.00±0.00a | 健康Health | 很好Very good | 1.00±0.00a | 健康Health | 很好Very good | 1.00±0.00a | 健康Health | 很好Very good |
| CK | 0.00±0.00g | 崩溃Collapse | 很差Very poor | 0.00±0.00g | 崩溃Collapse | 很差Very poor | 0.00±0.00g | 崩溃Collapse | 很差Very poor |
图5 不同恢复年限下的OCVOR指数变化特征*表示在0.05水平上相关性显著。**表示在0.01水平上相关性显著。OCVOR:草地健康评价模型。下同。* indicates that the correlation is significant at the 0.05 level. ** indicates that the correlation is significant at the 0.01 level. OCVOR: Grassland health evaluation model. The same below.
Fig.5 Characteristics of OCVOR index changes under different recovery years
图6 植物生长、土壤指标和OCVOR指数相关性分析SOC: 土壤有机碳Soil organic carbon;AN: 土壤碱解氮Soil available nitrogen;AP: 土壤速效磷Soil available phosphorus;AK: 土壤速效钾Soil available potassium;AGB: 地上生物量Above-ground biomass;VC: 植被盖度Vegetation coverage。?: P≤0.05.
Fig.6 Correlation analysis of plant growth, soil indicators and OCVOR index
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