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草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (10): 28-39.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023014

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

施肥和刈割协同对藏北高原禾草混播群落动态和超产的影响

周娟娟1,2(), 魏巍1,2()   

  1. 1.省部共建青稞和牦牛种质资源与遗传改良国家重点实验室,西藏 拉萨 850000
    2.西藏自治区农牧科学院草业科学研究所,西藏 拉萨 850000
  • 收稿日期:2023-01-06 修回日期:2023-02-27 出版日期:2023-10-20 发布日期:2023-07-26
  • 通讯作者: 魏巍
  • 作者简介:E-mail: weiweicc01@126.com
    周娟娟(1987-),女,甘肃天水人,助理研究员,硕士。E-mail: zhoujjcaoye@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    西藏自治区科技计划重大专项(XZ202101ZD0003N);西藏自治区重点研发及转化项目(XZ202201ZY0005N);西藏自治区农科院草业科学研究所统筹项目(CYS-TC-2021-002)

Interactive effect of fertilization and cutting on community dynamics and transgressive overyielding effect of grass pasture in the northern Tibetan Plateau

Juan-juan ZHOU1,2(), Wei WEI1,2()   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Highland Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement,Lhasa 850000,China
    2.Institute of Pratacultural Science,Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husandry Science,Lhasa 850000,China
  • Received:2023-01-06 Revised:2023-02-27 Online:2023-10-20 Published:2023-07-26
  • Contact: Wei WEI

摘要:

应用乡土物种构建人工草地是修复退化草地的有效措施。本研究以藏北高原驯化的垂穗披碱草、麦宾草和中亚早熟禾3种乡土草种为试验对象,设置单播(S1~S3)和混播(M1~M4)共7个播种组合为主区,嵌套施肥(fertilization,F)、刈割(cutting,C)、施肥+刈割(F+C),无施肥无刈割(Con)为副区。筛选最佳播种组合,明确不同禾草草地的群落消长动态,探究混播草地超产效应和多样性效应以及物种个体对施肥和刈割的响应,以期为藏北高原退化草地的生态恢复提供科学依据。结果表明:不同播种组合禾草草地均表现出明显的生长季种群消长动态,地上生物量均在9月20日(生长季末)达到峰值,垂穗披碱草为混播群落优势种群;8月20日(孕穗期)根系生物量积累达到极大值,混播M4中F处理根系生物量最高,为669.61 g·m-2;垂穗披碱草+麦宾草+中亚早熟禾3物种混播(M4)地上生物量最高,F和F+C处理显著增加群落的地上生物量,F+C处理地上生物量高达3190.83 g·m-2,垂穗披碱草+麦宾草+中亚早熟禾混播配套施肥和刈割措施是藏北高原建植人工草地较理想的方式。结合自然对数响应比值(LNRR)分析,3个物种中垂穗披碱草的竞争力最强,中亚早熟禾次之,麦宾草最弱。混播M1、M2、M3(Con和C处理)和M4相对产量总和(RYT)皆大于1,且都存在超产;其中,混播M1中Con和C处理、M2中C、F和F+C处理、M4中Con和C处理的选择效应和互补效应共同主导超产效应,M1中F和F+C处理、M2中Con处理、M3中Con和C处理的互补作用主导超产效应。

关键词: 人工草地, 乡土物种, 施肥和刈割, 群落动态, 超产效应, 藏北高原

Abstract:

Establishing artificial grassland using native species is an effective measure to restore alpine degraded grassland in the northern Tibetan Plateau. Our objective was to provide the scientific basis for ecological restoration of degraded grassland. This study investigated the dynamics of community fluctuation in sown grassland of three different native species domesticated in the northern part of Tibet: Elymus nutansElymus tangutorum and Poa litwinowiana. We aimed to identify the optimal sowing combination, explore the possibility of transgressive overyielding effect compared with monocultures, net effect of biodiversity, and the response of individual species to fertilization and cutting of mixed-species grassland. The experiment used a split-plot design with 7 sowing combinations as main plots: Monocultures of E. nutans (S1), E. tangutorum (S2) and P. litwinowiana (S3), the combinations of E. nutans+E. tangutorum (M1), E. nutans+P. litwinowiana (M2), E. tangutorum+P. litwinowiana (M3) and E. nutans+E. tangutorum+P. litwinowiana (M4). Fertilization and cutting treatments were applied as sub-plot treatments. The sub-plots set 4 treatments: Fertilization treatment, cutting treatment, fertilization+cutting treatment combination and control (untreated). The plots were planted in 2019 with 60 g·m-2 fertilizer application of (NH42HPO4, cut to 5 cm stubble height. It was found that swards of the different sowing combinations displayed obvious population dynamic changes through the growing season. Aboveground biomass peaked on September 20th (the end of growing season), and E. nutans was the dominant species of mixtures. The underground biomass accumulation reached its maximum value on August 20th (booting stage); The underground biomass of treatment M4 was the highest (669.61 g·m-2). The combination of E. nutans+E. tangutorum+P. litwinowiana (M4) had the highest productivity. A positive interaction between fertilization and cutting treatments resulted in high yield (3190.83 g·m-2) in the fertilization+cutting treatment combination. Therefore, the mixed sowing of E. nutans+E. tangutorum+P. litwinowiana with fertilization and cutting is the recommended methodology for the establishment of sown grassland in the northern Tibetan Plateau. When tested using natural log response ratio (LNRR) analysis, E. nutans had the strongest competitiveness, followed by P. litwinowiana and E. tangutorum. The relative yield totals of M1, M2, M3 (control and cutting treatments) and M4 were all greater than 1.0, and thus all had over yielding compared to the respective monocultures. In M4, M1 (control and cutting treatments), M2 (cutting, fertilization and fertilization+cutting treatments), the complementary effect and selection effects jointly contributed to the over yielding, while in M1 (fertilization and fertilization+cutting treatments), M2 (control treatment) and M3 (control and cutting treatments), only the complementary effect was important and dominated the over yielding.

Key words: artificial grassland, native species, fertilization and cutting, community dynamics, transgressive overyielding effect, the northern Tibetan Plateau