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草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 208-220.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022160

• 综合评述 • 上一篇    

放牧影响草地凋落物分解研究进展

江奥1(), 敬路淮1, 泽让东科2, 田黎明1()   

  1. 1.四川大学生命科学学院,生物资源与生态环境教育部重点实验室,四川若尔盖高寒湿地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,四川 成都 610065
    2.西南民族大学青藏高原研究院,四川若尔盖高寒湿地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,四川 成都 610041
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-12 修回日期:2022-06-08 出版日期:2023-04-20 发布日期:2023-01-29
  • 通讯作者: 田黎明
  • 作者简介:E-mail: lmtian@scu.edu.cn
    江奥(1993-),男,四川成都人,在读硕士。E-mail: jao@stu.scu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(42001055);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2021SCU12100);兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室开放课题资助

Progress in research on the effects of grazing on grassland litter decomposition

Ao JIANG1(), Lu-huai JING1, Tserang-donko MIPAM2, Li-ming TIAN1()   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education,Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,College of Life Sciences,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China
    2.Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China
  • Received:2022-04-12 Revised:2022-06-08 Online:2023-04-20 Published:2023-01-29
  • Contact: Li-ming TIAN

摘要:

放牧是草地生态系统的主要土地利用方式之一,能够通过改变土壤环境、土壤生物与非生物因素、凋落物质量与产量调控草地凋落物分解,进而影响草地生态系统养分循环和能量流动,但放牧如何影响草地凋落物分解过程及其微生物机制仍缺乏统一认识。本研究利用文献计量分析,回顾了放牧影响草地凋落物分解的历史发展并剖析了各阶段热点研究内容,从土壤环境(水分、温度、容重、光照、pH等)、微生物活动(群落结构、养分、主场效应)、凋落物质量(植物群落结构、植物多样性、凋落物质量)等多个方面阐释了放牧影响草地凋落物分解的研究进展与不足,并进一步总结放牧导致的草地凋落物分解变化对养分循环的影响。基于上述分析,提出未来重点研究方向:1) 加强长期放牧强度控制试验联网建设;2) 亟须查明放牧条件下不同径级根系凋落物分解机制;3) 探明放牧对混合凋落物分解的影响机理;4) 以植物-凋落物-土壤环境-微生物为整体,系统阐释放牧影响凋落物分解的关键过程及机制;5) 综合考虑放牧与全球变化要素对凋落物分解过程的协同影响。以期为深入探讨全球变化对草地凋落物分解的影响,以及草地生态系统服务功能的维持机制与可持续发展提供科学依据。

关键词: 放牧, 草地生态系统, 凋落物分解, 土壤微生物, 凋落物质量, 养分循环

Abstract:

Grazing, as one of the major land-use types in grassland ecosystems, regulates litter decomposition through altering the soil environment, biotic and abiotic factors, and litter quantity and quality, thus affecting nutrient cycling and energy flow. However, there is still much to learn about how grazing affects litter decomposition in grasslands and the microbial mechanisms related to this process. In this study, we conducted a bibliometric analysis and literature review to provide an overview of research on grazing and its effects on litter decomposition. The progress and deficiencies of research on the effects of grazing on litter decomposition in grasslands were clarified from three aspects, i.e., the soil environment (e.g., soil moisture, soil temperature, bulk density, light, and pH), microbial activity (e.g., community structure, nutrients, and home-field advantage), and litter quality (plant community structure, plant diversity, and litter quality). We summarized the results of studies on the effects of grazing-induced changes in litter decomposition on nutrient cycling. On the basis of our findings, we propose several future research directions: 1) Construct a network of long-term experiments in which grazing intensity is manipulated; 2) Explore the mechanisms by which grazing affects the litter decomposition of roots with varying diameters; 3) Determine the effects of grazing on mixed-species litter decomposition; 4) Identify the key processes and mechanisms by which grazing affects litter decomposition from a systematic perspective that integrates plant-litter-soil and environment-microorganisms; and 5) Determine the synergistic effects of grazing and global change on litter decomposition. This study provides a scientific basis for understanding how global change will affect litter decomposition and the mechanisms underlying the maintenance and sustainable development of ecosystem services in grasslands.

Key words: grazing, grassland ecosystem, litter decomposition, soil microorganism, litter quality, nutrient cycling