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草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (7): 1-12.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024319

• 研究论文 •    

基于优化MaxEnt模型的锁阳分布研究:现状评估与未来预测

安玉霞1(), 王文强1, 余殿3, 梁咏亮2, 杨君珑1, 李小伟1()   

  1. 1.宁夏大学林业与草业学院,宁夏 银川 750021
    2.宁夏贺兰山国家级自然保护区管理局,宁夏 银川 750021
    3.宁夏哈巴湖国家级自然保护区管理局,宁夏 银川 751502
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-26 修回日期:2024-09-18 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-05-12
  • 通讯作者: 李小伟
  • 作者简介:E-mail: lxwbq@126.com
    安玉霞(1998-),女,宁夏西吉人,在读硕士。E-mail: 2975954835@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏自然基金(2023AAC03124);宁夏高等学校一流学科建设(草学学科)项目(NXYLXK2017A01);贺兰山植被群落生物量与草食兽数量的关系研究项目(2022)和贺兰山东麓珍稀濒危植物斑子麻黄保护生物学研究项目(2022)

A study of the distribution of the parasitic herb Cynomorium songaricum based on the optimized MaxEnt model: Current status assessment and future predictions

Yu-xia AN1(), Wen-qiang WANG1, Dian YU3, Yong-liang LIANG2, Jun-long YANG1, Xiao-wei LI1()   

  1. 1.College of Forestry and Prataculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
    2.Ningxia Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve Administration,Yinchuan 750021,China
    3.Ningxia Haba Lake National Nature Reserve Management Bureau,Yinchuan 751502,China
  • Received:2024-08-26 Revised:2024-09-18 Online:2025-07-20 Published:2025-05-12
  • Contact: Xiao-wei LI

摘要:

锁阳系国家二级保护植物,其药用价值极高,生长在生态脆弱的荒漠地区。近年来,由于气候变化,对锁阳的地理分布构成了严重的威胁。为了明确影响锁阳在中国分布的主要环境因子以及潜在适生区的分布对合理保护和管理具有重要意义。基于166条有效分布记录和39个自然环境变量,运用最大熵模型(maximum entropy model, MaxEnt)对锁阳当前和未来两个时期(2050和2070年)的代表性路径(SSP126和SSP585)潜在的地理分布进行模拟,探讨影响其地理分布最关键的环境因素,并预测适生区在气候变化影响下的空间分布格局。采用刀切法评估环境变量对模型的贡献率,确定影响锁阳分布的主要环境变量。模型预测结果显示,当前模拟的锁阳潜在分布区与实际分布基本吻合,受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC值)为0.900,预测结果良好。最湿月的降水量和最冷季的平均气温是决定锁阳栖息地的重要变量,其次为基本饱和度和海拔以及最暖月的最高温度。未来气候的变化会使锁阳的栖息地范围缩小且向东迁移。本研究通过对锁阳潜在适生区的预测可以为锁阳的保护和管理提供参考和指导意义。

关键词: 环境因子, 潜在适生区, 质心变化

Abstract:

Cynomorium songaricum is a nationally protected plant in China, and appears on a list of species accorded “second-class” protection. C. songaricum is esteemed for its high medicinal value, and thrives in ecologically fragile desert regions. In recent years, climate change has posed a significant threat to the geographical distribution of C. songaricum. This study aimed to clarify the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of C. songaricum in China and to emphasize the significance of identifying potential suitable areas for effective protection and management. Based on 166 valid distribution records and 39 natural environmental variables, this study employed the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) to simulate the potential geographical distribution of C. songaricum along two representative climate change projection pathways (SSP126 and SSP585) for both the current period and future scenarios (2050s and 2070s). The study explored the most critical environmental factors affecting C. songaricum distribution and predicted the spatial distribution pattern of suitable habitat areas in response to climate change. The knife-cut method was employed to assess the contribution rate of environmental variables to the model, helping to identify the primary factors influencing the distribution of C. songaricum. The model’s prediction results indicated that the currently simulated potential distribution area of C. songaricum closely aligns with its actual distribution. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC value) was 0.900, indicating strong predictive performance. The results indicate that precipitation in the wettest month and average temperature during the coldest season are critical variables determining the habitat of C. songaricum. These two criteria are followed in importance by basic soil saturation, altitude, the highest temperature in the warmest month and precipitation in the driest season, in that order. Future climate change is expected to narrow the habitat of C. songaricum and shift its distribution eastward. The predictions of potential suitable habitat areas for C. songaricum in this study can provide guidelines for its protection and management.

Key words: environmental factors, potential fitness zones, center-of-mass changes