生物炭和AM真菌对重金属污染下土壤养分及望江南生长的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2018230

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以望江南为研究对象,通过盆栽试验研究了在重金属胁迫条件下添加生物炭与丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)互作对望江南生长及土壤养分的影响。结果表明,接种AMF对土壤pH及养分含量无显著影响;施用生物炭可显著增加土壤pH及土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、有效磷和速效钾含量,但对碱解氮、全钾含量影响不显著;普通生物炭显著增加了AMF侵染率,铁改性生物炭则作用相反;接种AMF可显著增加根系各形态参数,2种生物炭对望江南根系参数的影响则有所差异,单一普通生物炭(biochar, BC)处理下根系总根长、根表面积、总投影面积、根尖数和根系分叉数增加,而单一铁改性生物炭(Fe modified biochar,Fe-BC)处理下,相应参数则均降低,但2种生物炭均降低了根体积和平均直径。接种AMF与BC复合处理下,与对照、单一接种AMF处理和单一BC处理相比,各根系形态参数均增加;播种后初期,生物炭和AMF对望江南株高、叶长及叶宽无显著影响,随着生长期延长,AMF处理下望江南株高、叶长和叶宽显著高于未接种处理,两种生物炭单一处理对望江南株高、叶长及叶宽的增长均无显著影响,但与AMF互作则显著增加望江南株高、叶长和叶宽;不同处理下望江南地上部及根系干重与植株株高的变化情况一致。总体而言,普通生物炭与AMF互作对土壤pH、土壤养分及望江南根系的扩展、植株生长及干物质积累的改善效果最好。

关键词: 生物炭, AM真菌, 望江南, 根系形态, 土壤养分

Abstract: The effects of the interaction between biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under heavy metal stress on soil nutrients and growth of Cassia occidentalis were studied in a pot treatments. AMF had no effect on soil pH and nutrient content, whereas biochar significantly increased soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and available potassium, but had no effect on alkali hydrolysable nitrogen and total potassium. Biochar significantly increased the AMF infection rate, but iron modified biochar reduced AMF infection rate. AMF significantly increased a number of root morphological parameters. Under conventional biochar the total root length, root surface area, total projection area, root tip number and root fork number were increased, whereas the corresponding parameters decreased under the iron-modified biochar treatment; both biochar treatments reduced root volume and average root diameter. Compared with the control, AMF inoculation and conventional biochar treatments, all root morphological parameters were increased by the combination of AMF and biochar. AMF and biochar did not influence height, leaf length and leaf width of C. occidentalis in young plants but growth of C. occidentalis with inoculation was significantly higher than that of the non-inoculation treatment as growing period increased. Biochar treatments did not increase plant height, leaf length and leaf width, but biochar and AMF treatments did increase these traits. Shoot and root dry weights of C. occidentalis were associated with plant height. Overall, the interaction between biochar and AMF produced the greatest influence on soil pH, soil nutrients and root system, plant growth and dry matter accumulation.

Key words: biochar, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Cassia occidentalis, root morphology, soil nutrients

郭雄飞. 生物炭和AM真菌对重金属污染下土壤养分及望江南生长的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2018, 27(11): 150-161.

GUO Xiong-fei. Effects of biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on soil nutrients and growth of Cassia occidentalis under heavy metal contamination[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(11): 150-161.

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