草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 146-154.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020217
索效军1,2(), 张年1, 杨前平1, 陶虎1, 熊琪1, 李晓锋1, 张凤1, 陈明新1()
收稿日期:
2020-05-13
修回日期:
2020-06-08
出版日期:
2021-05-20
发布日期:
2021-04-16
通讯作者:
陈明新
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: 13807104106@163.com基金资助:
Xiao-jun SUO1,2(), Nian ZHANG1, Qian-ping YANG1, Hu TAO1, Qi XIONG1, Xiao-feng LI1, Feng ZHANG1, Ming-xin CHEN1()
Received:
2020-05-13
Revised:
2020-06-08
Online:
2021-05-20
Published:
2021-04-16
Contact:
Ming-xin CHEN
摘要:
为研究日粮添加花生秧和苜蓿草粉对肉羊增重性能、器官发育及血液指标的影响,选取4.5~5.0月龄、体重(21.40±1.15) kg的健康波麻杂交去势羊30只,随机分为3组,每组10只,饲喂花生秧、花生秧+苜蓿草粉、苜蓿草粉为粗饲料的日粮,采用全混合饲粮,各组日粮营养水平基本一致。预试期10 d,正试期60 d,试验始末称重,进行屠宰试验,并采集血液。结果表明:花生秧+苜蓿草粉和苜蓿草粉组宰前活重和胴体重均显著高于花生秧组(P<0.05),日增重、屠宰率极显著高于花生秧组(P<0.01),而料重比极显著低于花生秧组(P<0.01);各组的干物质采食量差异不显著(P>0.05);除花生秧+苜蓿草粉和苜蓿草粉组瘤胃重量显著高于花生秧组外,各组器官重量及占宰前活重比例差异不显著(P>0.05);各组间羊血液常规指标值均处于正常范围,花生秧+苜蓿草粉和苜蓿草粉组血清白蛋白、血糖显著高于花生秧组(P<0.05),尿素氮显著低于花生秧组(P<0.05);花生秧+苜蓿草粉组平均每kg增重成本最低。总而言之,花生秧和苜蓿草粉搭配使用较单一饲喂效果更好。
索效军, 张年, 杨前平, 陶虎, 熊琪, 李晓锋, 张凤, 陈明新. 日粮添加花生秧和苜蓿草粉对波麻杂交羊增重性能、内脏器官发育及血液指标的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(5): 146-154.
Xiao-jun SUO, Nian ZHANG, Qian-ping YANG, Hu TAO, Qi XIONG, Xiao-feng LI, Feng ZHANG, Ming-xin CHEN. Effects of peanut vine and alfalfa meal on weight gain performance, internal organ development, and blood indexes of Boer×Macheng crossbred goats[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(5): 146-154.
项目Items | DM (%) | CP (%) | Ca (%) | P (%) | NDF (%) | ADF (%) | GE (MJ·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
花生秧 Peanut vine | 90.36 | 7.5 | 1.03 | 0.21 | 48.3 | 36.41 | 14.91 |
苜蓿草粉Alfalfa meal | 90.74 | 12.2 | 1.06 | 0.26 | 46.3 | 34.24 | 15.89 |
表1 粗料营养成分
Table 1 Nutritional ingredient of forages (air-dry basis)
项目Items | DM (%) | CP (%) | Ca (%) | P (%) | NDF (%) | ADF (%) | GE (MJ·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
花生秧 Peanut vine | 90.36 | 7.5 | 1.03 | 0.21 | 48.3 | 36.41 | 14.91 |
苜蓿草粉Alfalfa meal | 90.74 | 12.2 | 1.06 | 0.26 | 46.3 | 34.24 | 15.89 |
原料组成 Ingredients | 花生秧Peanut vine | 花生秧+苜蓿草粉Peanut vine+alfalfa meal | 苜蓿草粉Alfalfa meal |
---|---|---|---|
苜蓿草粉 Alfalfa meal (%) | - | 19.5 | 45.5 |
花生秧 Peanut vine (%) | 70.5 | 47.0 | - |
玉米 Corn (%) | 22.3 | 29.5 | 51.0 |
豆粕 Soybean meal (%) | 3.7 | 0.5 | - |
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 (%) | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
食盐 NaCl (%) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
预混料 Premix1) (%) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
合计 Total (%) | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
营养水平 Nutrient levels 2) | |||
干物质 Dry matter (DM, %) | 84.11 | 84.80 | 87.52 |
消化能 Digestive energy (DE, MJ·kg-1) | 11.49 | 11.58 | 11.53 |
粗蛋白质 Crude protein (CP, %) | 11.11 | 11.38 | 11.59 |
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %) | 34.18 | 36.50 | 35.73 |
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %) | 21.71 | 25.67 | 24.82 |
钙 Calcium (Ca, %) | 1.03 | 0.98 | 1.02 |
磷 Phosphorus (P, %) | 0.32 | 0.35 | 0.36 |
表2 饲粮组成及营养水平
Table 2 Compositions and nutritional levels of diets (air-dry basis)
原料组成 Ingredients | 花生秧Peanut vine | 花生秧+苜蓿草粉Peanut vine+alfalfa meal | 苜蓿草粉Alfalfa meal |
---|---|---|---|
苜蓿草粉 Alfalfa meal (%) | - | 19.5 | 45.5 |
花生秧 Peanut vine (%) | 70.5 | 47.0 | - |
玉米 Corn (%) | 22.3 | 29.5 | 51.0 |
豆粕 Soybean meal (%) | 3.7 | 0.5 | - |
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 (%) | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
食盐 NaCl (%) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
预混料 Premix1) (%) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
合计 Total (%) | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
营养水平 Nutrient levels 2) | |||
干物质 Dry matter (DM, %) | 84.11 | 84.80 | 87.52 |
消化能 Digestive energy (DE, MJ·kg-1) | 11.49 | 11.58 | 11.53 |
粗蛋白质 Crude protein (CP, %) | 11.11 | 11.38 | 11.59 |
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %) | 34.18 | 36.50 | 35.73 |
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %) | 21.71 | 25.67 | 24.82 |
钙 Calcium (Ca, %) | 1.03 | 0.98 | 1.02 |
磷 Phosphorus (P, %) | 0.32 | 0.35 | 0.36 |
项目 Items | 花生秧 Peanut vine | 花生秧+苜蓿草粉 Peanut vine+alfalfa meal | 苜蓿草粉 Alfalfa meal | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
初始体重Initial weight (IW, kg) | 21.43±1.21 | 21.46±2.01 | 21.38±1.89 | 0.96 |
终末体重Final weight (FW, kg) | 28.15±1.35b | 31.15±1.68a | 32.45±1.36a | 0.03 |
平均日增重Average daily gain (ADG, g·d-1) | 112.00±6.35C | 161.50±5.43B | 184.50±6.12A | 0.01 |
干物质采食量Dry matter intake (DMI, g·d-1) | 970.00±32.00 | 1050.00±82.00 | 1091.00±63.00 | 0.08 |
料重比Feed gain ratio (F/G) | 8.66±0.29A | 6.50±0.32B | 5.91±0.12B | 0.00 |
表3 花生秧与苜蓿草粉搭配对肉羊生长性能的影响
Table 3 Effect of peanut vine and alfalfa meal on growth performance of goats (n=30)
项目 Items | 花生秧 Peanut vine | 花生秧+苜蓿草粉 Peanut vine+alfalfa meal | 苜蓿草粉 Alfalfa meal | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
初始体重Initial weight (IW, kg) | 21.43±1.21 | 21.46±2.01 | 21.38±1.89 | 0.96 |
终末体重Final weight (FW, kg) | 28.15±1.35b | 31.15±1.68a | 32.45±1.36a | 0.03 |
平均日增重Average daily gain (ADG, g·d-1) | 112.00±6.35C | 161.50±5.43B | 184.50±6.12A | 0.01 |
干物质采食量Dry matter intake (DMI, g·d-1) | 970.00±32.00 | 1050.00±82.00 | 1091.00±63.00 | 0.08 |
料重比Feed gain ratio (F/G) | 8.66±0.29A | 6.50±0.32B | 5.91±0.12B | 0.00 |
项目 Items | 花生秧 Peanut vine | 花生秧+苜蓿草粉 Peanut vine+alfalfa meal | 苜蓿草粉 Alfalfa meal | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
宰前活重Liveweight before slaughtering (LWBS, kg) | 27.15±1.12b | 30.15±1.35a | 31.35±1.24a | 0.03 |
胴体重Carcass weight (kg) | 12.45±0.89b | 14.66±0.68a | 15.45±0.74a | 0.03 |
屠宰率Dressing percentage (%) | 45.86±2.31B | 48.62±2.06A | 49.28±1.87A | 0.00 |
表4 花生秧与苜蓿草粉搭配对肉羊屠宰性能的影响
Table 4 Effect of peanut vine and alfalfa meal on slaughter performance of goats (n=15)
项目 Items | 花生秧 Peanut vine | 花生秧+苜蓿草粉 Peanut vine+alfalfa meal | 苜蓿草粉 Alfalfa meal | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
宰前活重Liveweight before slaughtering (LWBS, kg) | 27.15±1.12b | 30.15±1.35a | 31.35±1.24a | 0.03 |
胴体重Carcass weight (kg) | 12.45±0.89b | 14.66±0.68a | 15.45±0.74a | 0.03 |
屠宰率Dressing percentage (%) | 45.86±2.31B | 48.62±2.06A | 49.28±1.87A | 0.00 |
项目 Items | 指标 Indexes | 花生秧 Peanut vine | 花生秧+苜蓿草粉 Peanut vine+alfalfa meal | 苜蓿草粉 Alfalfa meal | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
头Head | 重量Weight (g) | 1892.00±46.12 | 2050.10±45.36 | 2140.60±46.89 | 0.14 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 6.97±0.13 | 6.80±0.12 | 6.83±0.12 | 0.06 | |
蹄Feet | 重量Weight (g) | 701.00±13.46 | 723.00±10.48 | 731.10±14.12 | 0.34 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 2.58±0.09 | 2.40±0.08 | 2.33±0.10 | 0.56 | |
皮+毛 Skin & wool | 重量Weight (g) | 2610.00±88.76 | 2670.00±67.29 | 2710.00±72.41 | 0.02 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 9.61±0.56 | 8.86±0.89 | 8.64±0.76 | 0.07 | |
心Heart | 重量Weight (g) | 143.00±6.32 | 144.00±5.47 | 145.60±5.62 | 0.58 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 0.53±0.06 | 0.48±0.03 | 0.46±0.04 | 0.08 | |
肝Liver | 重量Weight (g) | 568.00±9.76 | 574.50±8.57 | 581.30±7.89 | 0.63 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 2.09±0.02 | 1.91±0.02 | 1.85±0.03 | 0.05 | |
脾Spleen | 重量Weight (g) | 172.00±5.89 | 175.30±5.62 | 171.40±5.24 | 0.91 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 0.63±0.06 | 0.58±0.30 | 0.55±0.04 | 0.08 | |
肺Lung | 重量Weight (g) | 426.00±11.45 | 453.10±10.87 | 431.20±11.32 | 0.24 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 1.57±0.01 | 1.50±0.03 | 1.38±0.02 | 0.06 | |
肾Kidney | 重量Weight (g) | 91.00±3.24 | 92.50±4.15 | 91.40±4.26 | 0.86 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 0.34±0.02 | 0.31±0.01 | 0.29±0.02 | 0.54 | |
瘤胃Rumen | 重量Weight (g) | 561.00±11.23b | 630.20±11.67a | 681.30±15.64a | 0.02 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 2.07±0.04 | 2.09±0.03 | 2.17±0.02 | 0.53 | |
网胃Reticulum | 重量Weight (g) | 62.00±5.05 | 58.20±5.48 | 53.40±6.32 | 0.50 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 0.23±0.03 | 0.19±0.03 | 0.17±0.02 | 0.06 | |
瓣胃Omasum | 重量Weight (g) | 81.00±5.47 | 85.00±6.01 | 86.50±5.58 | 0.14 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 0.30±0.02 | 0.28±0.03 | 0.28±0.02 | 0.06 | |
皱胃Abomasum | 重量Weight (g) | 134.00±6.53 | 137.60±5.68 | 135.60±6.45 | 0.68 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 0.49±0.02 | 0.46±0.02 | 0.43±0.03 | 0.06 |
表5 花生秧与苜蓿草粉搭配对肉羊内脏器官发育的影响
Table 5 Effect of peanut vine and alfalfa meal on the organs development of goats (n=15)
项目 Items | 指标 Indexes | 花生秧 Peanut vine | 花生秧+苜蓿草粉 Peanut vine+alfalfa meal | 苜蓿草粉 Alfalfa meal | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
头Head | 重量Weight (g) | 1892.00±46.12 | 2050.10±45.36 | 2140.60±46.89 | 0.14 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 6.97±0.13 | 6.80±0.12 | 6.83±0.12 | 0.06 | |
蹄Feet | 重量Weight (g) | 701.00±13.46 | 723.00±10.48 | 731.10±14.12 | 0.34 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 2.58±0.09 | 2.40±0.08 | 2.33±0.10 | 0.56 | |
皮+毛 Skin & wool | 重量Weight (g) | 2610.00±88.76 | 2670.00±67.29 | 2710.00±72.41 | 0.02 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 9.61±0.56 | 8.86±0.89 | 8.64±0.76 | 0.07 | |
心Heart | 重量Weight (g) | 143.00±6.32 | 144.00±5.47 | 145.60±5.62 | 0.58 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 0.53±0.06 | 0.48±0.03 | 0.46±0.04 | 0.08 | |
肝Liver | 重量Weight (g) | 568.00±9.76 | 574.50±8.57 | 581.30±7.89 | 0.63 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 2.09±0.02 | 1.91±0.02 | 1.85±0.03 | 0.05 | |
脾Spleen | 重量Weight (g) | 172.00±5.89 | 175.30±5.62 | 171.40±5.24 | 0.91 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 0.63±0.06 | 0.58±0.30 | 0.55±0.04 | 0.08 | |
肺Lung | 重量Weight (g) | 426.00±11.45 | 453.10±10.87 | 431.20±11.32 | 0.24 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 1.57±0.01 | 1.50±0.03 | 1.38±0.02 | 0.06 | |
肾Kidney | 重量Weight (g) | 91.00±3.24 | 92.50±4.15 | 91.40±4.26 | 0.86 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 0.34±0.02 | 0.31±0.01 | 0.29±0.02 | 0.54 | |
瘤胃Rumen | 重量Weight (g) | 561.00±11.23b | 630.20±11.67a | 681.30±15.64a | 0.02 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 2.07±0.04 | 2.09±0.03 | 2.17±0.02 | 0.53 | |
网胃Reticulum | 重量Weight (g) | 62.00±5.05 | 58.20±5.48 | 53.40±6.32 | 0.50 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 0.23±0.03 | 0.19±0.03 | 0.17±0.02 | 0.06 | |
瓣胃Omasum | 重量Weight (g) | 81.00±5.47 | 85.00±6.01 | 86.50±5.58 | 0.14 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 0.30±0.02 | 0.28±0.03 | 0.28±0.02 | 0.06 | |
皱胃Abomasum | 重量Weight (g) | 134.00±6.53 | 137.60±5.68 | 135.60±6.45 | 0.68 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 0.49±0.02 | 0.46±0.02 | 0.43±0.03 | 0.06 |
项目 Items | 花生秧 Peanut vine | 花生秧+苜蓿草粉 Peanut vine+alfalfa meal | 苜蓿草粉 Alfalfa meal | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
谷丙转氨酶GPT (U·L-1) | 22.30±0.57 | 24.56±0.48 | 23.67±0.51 | 0.32 |
谷草转氨酶GOT (U·L-1) | 84.60±3.32 | 85.46±3.06 | 84.37±3.17 | 0.64 |
总蛋白TP (g·L–1) | 71.60±3.36 | 72.46±3.01 | 73.42±2.76 | 0.06 |
白蛋白ALB (g·L–1) | 25.22±0.79b | 28.34±0.69a | 30.26±0.81a | 0.03 |
总胆固醇TC (mmol·L–1) | 1.93±0.23 | 2.03±0.18 | 2.12±0.19 | 0.05 |
甘油三酯TG (mmol·L-1) | 0.27±0.02 | 0.24±0.03 | 0.26±0.02 | 0.06 |
高密度脂蛋白HDL (mmol·L-1) | 1.04±0.02 | 1.23±0.02 | 1.16±0.03 | 0.09 |
低密度脂蛋白LDL (mmol·L-1) | 0.45±0.04 | 0.46±0.06 | 0.42±0.03 | 0.67 |
尿素氮UN (mmol·L-1) | 3.87±0.02a | 3.18±0.01b | 3.04±0.03b | 0.04 |
血糖GLU (mmol·L–1) | 2.06±0.02b | 2.45±0.03a | 2.44±0.02a | 0.03 |
表6 花生秧与苜蓿草粉搭配对肉羊血清生化指标的影响
Table 6 Effect of peanut vine and alfalfa meal on the serum biochemical indexes of goats (n=15)
项目 Items | 花生秧 Peanut vine | 花生秧+苜蓿草粉 Peanut vine+alfalfa meal | 苜蓿草粉 Alfalfa meal | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
谷丙转氨酶GPT (U·L-1) | 22.30±0.57 | 24.56±0.48 | 23.67±0.51 | 0.32 |
谷草转氨酶GOT (U·L-1) | 84.60±3.32 | 85.46±3.06 | 84.37±3.17 | 0.64 |
总蛋白TP (g·L–1) | 71.60±3.36 | 72.46±3.01 | 73.42±2.76 | 0.06 |
白蛋白ALB (g·L–1) | 25.22±0.79b | 28.34±0.69a | 30.26±0.81a | 0.03 |
总胆固醇TC (mmol·L–1) | 1.93±0.23 | 2.03±0.18 | 2.12±0.19 | 0.05 |
甘油三酯TG (mmol·L-1) | 0.27±0.02 | 0.24±0.03 | 0.26±0.02 | 0.06 |
高密度脂蛋白HDL (mmol·L-1) | 1.04±0.02 | 1.23±0.02 | 1.16±0.03 | 0.09 |
低密度脂蛋白LDL (mmol·L-1) | 0.45±0.04 | 0.46±0.06 | 0.42±0.03 | 0.67 |
尿素氮UN (mmol·L-1) | 3.87±0.02a | 3.18±0.01b | 3.04±0.03b | 0.04 |
血糖GLU (mmol·L–1) | 2.06±0.02b | 2.45±0.03a | 2.44±0.02a | 0.03 |
项目 Items | 花生秧 Peanut vine | 花生秧+苜蓿草粉 Peanut vine+alfalfa meal | 苜蓿草粉 Alfalfa meal |
---|---|---|---|
日干物质采食量Dry matter intake (DMI, g·d-1) | 970.00 | 1050.00 | 1091.00 |
平均饲料成本Average feed cost (CNY·d-1) | 1.31 | 1.44 | 1.84 |
平均日增重Average daily gain (ADG, d) | 112.00 | 161.50 | 184.50 |
平均每kg增重成本Weight gain cost (CNY) | 11.69 | 8.92 | 9.97 |
单位投料增重收益Unit feeding increase weight income (CNY·kg-1) | 6.47 | 8.61 | 9.47 |
饲料经济报酬Feed economic reward (%) | 427.48 | 560.76 | 501.36 |
表7 试验期内的饲养成本
Table 7 Feeding cost during the trial period
项目 Items | 花生秧 Peanut vine | 花生秧+苜蓿草粉 Peanut vine+alfalfa meal | 苜蓿草粉 Alfalfa meal |
---|---|---|---|
日干物质采食量Dry matter intake (DMI, g·d-1) | 970.00 | 1050.00 | 1091.00 |
平均饲料成本Average feed cost (CNY·d-1) | 1.31 | 1.44 | 1.84 |
平均日增重Average daily gain (ADG, d) | 112.00 | 161.50 | 184.50 |
平均每kg增重成本Weight gain cost (CNY) | 11.69 | 8.92 | 9.97 |
单位投料增重收益Unit feeding increase weight income (CNY·kg-1) | 6.47 | 8.61 | 9.47 |
饲料经济报酬Feed economic reward (%) | 427.48 | 560.76 | 501.36 |
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