草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 180-189.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020318
蓝婧婷1(), 任瑞2, 周瑞1, 戴洪伟1, 舒文秀1, 朱凯1, 王略宇1, 徐红伟1(), 臧荣鑫1()
收稿日期:
2020-07-06
修回日期:
2020-09-10
出版日期:
2021-05-21
发布日期:
2021-05-21
通讯作者:
徐红伟,臧荣鑫
作者简介:
rxzang2000@163.com基金资助:
Jing-ting LAN1(), Rui REN2, Rui ZHOU1, Hong-wei DAI1, Wen-xiu SHU1, Kai ZHU1, Lue-yu WANG1, Hong-wei XU1(), Rong-xin ZANG1()
Received:
2020-07-06
Revised:
2020-09-10
Online:
2021-05-21
Published:
2021-05-21
Contact:
Hong-wei XU,Rong-xin ZANG
摘要:
为研究花椰菜尾菜发酵饲料对保育猪生长性能、血清生化指标、小肠组织形态及经济效益的影响。选取42头体重相近(11.40±1.36) kg、体况良好的40日龄保育猪,随机分为两组,每组3个重复,每个重复7头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂由80%基础饲粮和20%花椰菜尾菜发酵饲料组成的试验饲粮。试验共30 d,其中预试期8 d,正试期22 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)试验组保育猪的平均日采食量和平均日增重分别显著提高了16.50%和18.68%(P<0.05),腹泻率显著降低了74.35%(P<0.05)。2)试验组保育猪十二指肠、空肠、盲肠、结肠和直肠食糜pH值分别显著降低了19.16%、11.59%、14.09%、15.95%和11.23%(P<0.05)。3)试验组血清尿素氮、白蛋白、免疫球蛋白M的含量显著升高了69.84%、5.22%、100%(P<0.05),血清总胆固醇、谷丙转氨酶的含量分别显著降低了29.43%、60.51%(P<0.05)。4)试验组保育猪的空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度和回肠绒毛高度分别显著升高了13.64%和11.49%(P<0.05),空肠隐窝深度显著降低了9.56%(P<0.05)。5)试验组每头猪的增重收益、毛利润分别显著提高了30.84%和44.48%(P<0.05),饲料成本显著降低了21.58%(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲喂花椰菜尾菜发酵饲料能够降低保育猪的腹泻率,提高保育猪的生长性能,增强其免疫性能,促进肠道发育,提高经济效益。
蓝婧婷, 任瑞, 周瑞, 戴洪伟, 舒文秀, 朱凯, 王略宇, 徐红伟, 臧荣鑫. 花椰菜尾菜发酵饲料对保育猪生长性能、血清生化指标、小肠组织形态及经济效益的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(6): 180-189.
Jing-ting LAN, Rui REN, Rui ZHOU, Hong-wei DAI, Wen-xiu SHU, Kai ZHU, Lue-yu WANG, Hong-wei XU, Rong-xin ZANG. Effects of feeding fermented cauliflower residue on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, intestinal tissue morphology and economic returns of nursery pigs[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(6): 180-189.
项目 Items | 基础饲粮 Basal diet | 试验饲粮 Experimental diet |
---|---|---|
原料 Ingredients | ||
玉米Corn (%) | 57.00 | 50.00 |
花椰菜尾菜发酵饲料 Cauliflower residue fermented feed (%) | — | 20.00 |
豆粕 Soybean meal (%) | 30.00 | 22.00 |
米糠 Rice bran (%) | 10.00 | 5.00 |
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 (%) | 2.20 | 2.20 |
预混料 Premix1) (%) | 0.50 | 0.50 |
食盐 NaCl (%) | 0.30 | 0.30 |
合计 Total (%) | 100.00 | 100.00 |
营养水平 Nutrient levels | ||
消化能 Digestive energy (DE,MJ· kg-1) 2) | 8.76 | 8.85 |
粗蛋白质 Crude protein (CP,%) | 19.00 | 20.56 |
粗纤维Crude fiber (CF,%) | 5.00 | 10.00 |
粗灰分 Ash (%) | 7.00 | 7.80 |
钙Ca (%) | 1.00 | 1.14 |
总磷Total P (TP,%) | 0.43 | 0.44 |
赖氨酸Lys (%) | 1.30 | 0.96 |
蛋氨酸 Met (%) | 0.28 | 0.32 |
表1 饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)
Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of diets (air-dry basis)
项目 Items | 基础饲粮 Basal diet | 试验饲粮 Experimental diet |
---|---|---|
原料 Ingredients | ||
玉米Corn (%) | 57.00 | 50.00 |
花椰菜尾菜发酵饲料 Cauliflower residue fermented feed (%) | — | 20.00 |
豆粕 Soybean meal (%) | 30.00 | 22.00 |
米糠 Rice bran (%) | 10.00 | 5.00 |
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 (%) | 2.20 | 2.20 |
预混料 Premix1) (%) | 0.50 | 0.50 |
食盐 NaCl (%) | 0.30 | 0.30 |
合计 Total (%) | 100.00 | 100.00 |
营养水平 Nutrient levels | ||
消化能 Digestive energy (DE,MJ· kg-1) 2) | 8.76 | 8.85 |
粗蛋白质 Crude protein (CP,%) | 19.00 | 20.56 |
粗纤维Crude fiber (CF,%) | 5.00 | 10.00 |
粗灰分 Ash (%) | 7.00 | 7.80 |
钙Ca (%) | 1.00 | 1.14 |
总磷Total P (TP,%) | 0.43 | 0.44 |
赖氨酸Lys (%) | 1.30 | 0.96 |
蛋氨酸 Met (%) | 0.28 | 0.32 |
项目Items | 粪便状态State of feces | 腹泻程度Diarrhea degree | 腹泻评分Diarrhea score |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 干便,成形Dry stool, formed | 正常Normal | 0 |
2 | 稀软,能成形Soft, shapeable | 轻度Mild | 1 |
3 | 糊状,水分含量高Pasty, high moisture content | 中度Intermediate | 2 |
4 | 液状,水样粪便Liquid, watery feces | 重度Heavy | 3 |
表 2 腹泻评分标准
Table 2 Diarrhea score criteria
项目Items | 粪便状态State of feces | 腹泻程度Diarrhea degree | 腹泻评分Diarrhea score |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 干便,成形Dry stool, formed | 正常Normal | 0 |
2 | 稀软,能成形Soft, shapeable | 轻度Mild | 1 |
3 | 糊状,水分含量高Pasty, high moisture content | 中度Intermediate | 2 |
4 | 液状,水样粪便Liquid, watery feces | 重度Heavy | 3 |
项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验组 Experimental group |
---|---|---|
始重Initial weight (kg) | 11.26±0.25a | 11.55±0.34a |
末重Final weight (kg) | 23.88±0.48a | 25.87±0.63a |
平均日采食量ADFI (kg) | 1.03±0.01b | 1.20±0.09a |
平均日增重ADG (g) | 553.33±26.03b | 656.67±21.86a |
料重比F/G | 2.28±0.22a | 1.81±0.11a |
腹泻率Diarrhea rate (%) | 32.90±2.84a | 8.44±2.09b |
表3 花椰菜尾菜发酵饲料对保育猪生长性能的影响
Table 3 Effects of cauliflower residue fermented feed on growth performance of nursery pigs
项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验组 Experimental group |
---|---|---|
始重Initial weight (kg) | 11.26±0.25a | 11.55±0.34a |
末重Final weight (kg) | 23.88±0.48a | 25.87±0.63a |
平均日采食量ADFI (kg) | 1.03±0.01b | 1.20±0.09a |
平均日增重ADG (g) | 553.33±26.03b | 656.67±21.86a |
料重比F/G | 2.28±0.22a | 1.81±0.11a |
腹泻率Diarrhea rate (%) | 32.90±2.84a | 8.44±2.09b |
项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验组 Experimental group |
---|---|---|
十二指肠Duodenum | 6.89±0.15a | 5.57±0.23b |
空肠Jejunum | 7.16±0.14a | 6.33±0.19b |
回肠Ileum | 7.80±0.22a | 6.96±0.34a |
盲肠Cecum | 6.67±0.13a | 5.73±0.20b |
结肠Colon | 7.02±0.19a | 5.90±0.18b |
直肠Rectum | 7.21±0.16a | 6.40±0.08b |
表4 花椰菜尾菜发酵饲料对保育猪肠道食糜pH值的影响
Table 4 Effects of cauliflower residue fermented feed on pH value of intestinal chyme of nursery pigs
项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验组 Experimental group |
---|---|---|
十二指肠Duodenum | 6.89±0.15a | 5.57±0.23b |
空肠Jejunum | 7.16±0.14a | 6.33±0.19b |
回肠Ileum | 7.80±0.22a | 6.96±0.34a |
盲肠Cecum | 6.67±0.13a | 5.73±0.20b |
结肠Colon | 7.02±0.19a | 5.90±0.18b |
直肠Rectum | 7.21±0.16a | 6.40±0.08b |
项目Items | 对照组Control group | 试验组Experimental group |
---|---|---|
甘油三酯Triglyceride (TG, mmol·L-1) | 0.71±0.10a | 0.56±0.04a |
总胆固醇Total cholesterol (TC, mmol·L-1) | 3.33±0.26a | 2.35±0.20b |
总蛋白Total protein (TP, g·L-1) | 63.30±1.46a | 65.97±2.11a |
肌酐Creatinine (CRE, μmol·L-1) | 91.33±3.91a | 80.00±5.09a |
尿素氮Urea nitrogen (UREA, mmol·L-1) | 3.68±0.35b | 6.25±0.37a |
葡萄糖Glucose (GLU, mmol·L-1) | 7.45±0.53a | 6.55±0.46a |
白蛋白Albumin (ALB, g·L-1) | 32.98±1.49b | 34.70±1.61a |
球蛋白Globulin (GLB, g·L-1) | 30.32±0.72a | 31.27±2.64a |
免疫球蛋白G Immunoglobulin G (IgG, g·L-1) | 3.80±0.42a | 4.38±0.30a |
免疫球蛋白M Immunoglobulin M (IgM, g·L-1) | 0.57±0.05b | 1.14±0.08a |
谷丙转氨酶Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, U·L-1) | 92.00±5.81a | 36.33±2.72b |
谷草转氨酶Aspartate aminotransferase (AST, U·L-1) | 47.60±6.37a | 43.00±6.71a |
谷氨酰转酞酶Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT, U·L-1) | 51.17±5.61a | 51.17±7.21a |
碱性磷酸酶Alkaline phosphatase (ALP, U·L-1) | 258.33±24.58a | 312.17±14.34a |
表5 花椰菜尾菜发酵饲料对保育猪血清生化指标及免疫指标的影响
Table 5 Effects of cauliflower residue fermented feed on serum biochemical indices and immune indices of nursery pigs
项目Items | 对照组Control group | 试验组Experimental group |
---|---|---|
甘油三酯Triglyceride (TG, mmol·L-1) | 0.71±0.10a | 0.56±0.04a |
总胆固醇Total cholesterol (TC, mmol·L-1) | 3.33±0.26a | 2.35±0.20b |
总蛋白Total protein (TP, g·L-1) | 63.30±1.46a | 65.97±2.11a |
肌酐Creatinine (CRE, μmol·L-1) | 91.33±3.91a | 80.00±5.09a |
尿素氮Urea nitrogen (UREA, mmol·L-1) | 3.68±0.35b | 6.25±0.37a |
葡萄糖Glucose (GLU, mmol·L-1) | 7.45±0.53a | 6.55±0.46a |
白蛋白Albumin (ALB, g·L-1) | 32.98±1.49b | 34.70±1.61a |
球蛋白Globulin (GLB, g·L-1) | 30.32±0.72a | 31.27±2.64a |
免疫球蛋白G Immunoglobulin G (IgG, g·L-1) | 3.80±0.42a | 4.38±0.30a |
免疫球蛋白M Immunoglobulin M (IgM, g·L-1) | 0.57±0.05b | 1.14±0.08a |
谷丙转氨酶Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, U·L-1) | 92.00±5.81a | 36.33±2.72b |
谷草转氨酶Aspartate aminotransferase (AST, U·L-1) | 47.60±6.37a | 43.00±6.71a |
谷氨酰转酞酶Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT, U·L-1) | 51.17±5.61a | 51.17±7.21a |
碱性磷酸酶Alkaline phosphatase (ALP, U·L-1) | 258.33±24.58a | 312.17±14.34a |
部位Tissue | 项目Items | 对照组Control group | 试验组Experimental group |
---|---|---|---|
十二指肠Duodenum | 绒毛高度 Villus height, V | 744.98±19.26a | 769.14±23.96a |
隐窝深度 Crypt depth, C | 493.77±17.21a | 477.37±15.45a | |
绒毛高度/隐窝深度V/C | 1.56±0.07a | 1.63±0.04a | |
空肠Jejunum | 绒毛高度 Villus height | 627.90±26.07a | 648.08±14.49a |
隐窝深度 Crypt depth | 415.39±15.59a | 375.69±9.27b | |
绒毛高度/隐窝深度V/C | 1.54±0.07b | 1.75±0.04a | |
回肠Ileum | 绒毛高度 Villus height | 599.44±23.16b | 668.33±15.24a |
隐窝深度 Crypt depth | 376.54±18.69a | 407.48±16.56a | |
绒毛高度/隐窝深度V/C | 1.70±0.10a | 1.72±0.08a |
表6 花椰菜尾菜发酵饲料对保育猪小肠组织形态的影响
Table 6 Effects of cauliflower residue fermented feed on tissue morphology of small intestinal of nursery pigs (μm)
部位Tissue | 项目Items | 对照组Control group | 试验组Experimental group |
---|---|---|---|
十二指肠Duodenum | 绒毛高度 Villus height, V | 744.98±19.26a | 769.14±23.96a |
隐窝深度 Crypt depth, C | 493.77±17.21a | 477.37±15.45a | |
绒毛高度/隐窝深度V/C | 1.56±0.07a | 1.63±0.04a | |
空肠Jejunum | 绒毛高度 Villus height | 627.90±26.07a | 648.08±14.49a |
隐窝深度 Crypt depth | 415.39±15.59a | 375.69±9.27b | |
绒毛高度/隐窝深度V/C | 1.54±0.07b | 1.75±0.04a | |
回肠Ileum | 绒毛高度 Villus height | 599.44±23.16b | 668.33±15.24a |
隐窝深度 Crypt depth | 376.54±18.69a | 407.48±16.56a | |
绒毛高度/隐窝深度V/C | 1.70±0.10a | 1.72±0.08a |
项目Items | 对照组Control group | 试验组Experimental group |
---|---|---|
增重Weight gain (kg· single-1) | 10.53±0.84b | 13.77±0.58a |
增重收益Weight gain profits (元·只-1 Yuan·single-1) | 315.80±25.28b | 413.20±17.44a |
采食量Feed intake (kg· single-1) | 22.56±0.30a | 26.44±1.50a |
饲料成本Feed cost (元·只-1 Yuan·single-1) | 65.21±0.86a | 51.14±3.96b |
毛利润Gross profit (元·只-1 Yuan·single-1) | 250.59±5.04b | 362.06±5.72a |
表7 花椰菜尾菜发酵饲料饲喂保育猪经济效益的影响
Table 7 Effects of cauliflower residue fermented feed on economic returns of nursery pigs
项目Items | 对照组Control group | 试验组Experimental group |
---|---|---|
增重Weight gain (kg· single-1) | 10.53±0.84b | 13.77±0.58a |
增重收益Weight gain profits (元·只-1 Yuan·single-1) | 315.80±25.28b | 413.20±17.44a |
采食量Feed intake (kg· single-1) | 22.56±0.30a | 26.44±1.50a |
饲料成本Feed cost (元·只-1 Yuan·single-1) | 65.21±0.86a | 51.14±3.96b |
毛利润Gross profit (元·只-1 Yuan·single-1) | 250.59±5.04b | 362.06±5.72a |
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