草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (7): 1-10.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020434
收稿日期:
2020-09-27
修回日期:
2020-11-24
出版日期:
2021-07-20
发布日期:
2021-06-03
通讯作者:
宋彦涛
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: yantaosong@dlnu.edu.cn基金资助:
Xin-lei XU(), Yan-tao SONG(), Jing-dong ZHAO, Yun-na WU
Received:
2020-09-27
Revised:
2020-11-24
Online:
2021-07-20
Published:
2021-06-03
Contact:
Yan-tao SONG
摘要:
为探索施肥和刈割对呼伦贝尔草甸草原牧草营养品质的影响及其与植物多样性的关系,于2019年8月在中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所额尔古纳森林草原过渡带生态系统研究站刈割实验平台(建立于2016年)进行取样,对2个施肥梯度和6个刈割留茬高度处理下的植物样品进行品质测定,并分析牧草品质与物种丰富度的关系。结果表明,施肥处理下牧草粗蛋白含量和相对饲喂价值显著高于不施肥处理,而不施肥处理的酸性洗涤纤维含量显著高于施肥处理。刈割留茬高度3 cm时牧草粗蛋白、粗脂肪、可溶性碳水化合物、相对牧草品质和产奶量最高,而不刈割处理的牧草的中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量最高。施肥和刈割无显著交互作用。牧草中的相对牧草质量、相对饲用价值、产奶量、非纤维性碳水化合物、钙含量与牧草物种丰富度呈显著正相关关系,牧草中性洗涤纤维与牧草物种丰富度呈显著负相关关系,表明增加物种多样性有助于提高牧草的营养品质。因此,维持草地植物群落中植物物种丰富度可能是对呼伦贝尔草原家畜生产的有效管理方式。
徐鑫磊, 宋彦涛, 赵京东, 乌云娜. 施肥和刈割对呼伦贝尔草甸草原牧草品质的影响及其与植物多样性的关系[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(7): 1-10.
Xin-lei XU, Yan-tao SONG, Jing-dong ZHAO, Yun-na WU. Changes in forage quality and its relationship with plant diversity under fertilization and mowing in Hulun Buir meadow steppe[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(7): 1-10.
因子 Parameters | 施肥 Fertilization (F) | 刈割 Mowing (D) | 施肥×刈割 F×D |
---|---|---|---|
粗灰分 Ash | ns | ns | ns |
粗脂肪 EE | ns | *** | ns |
粗蛋白 CP | *** | *** | ns |
木质素 Lignin | ns | * | ns |
可溶性碳水化合物 WSC | ns | ** | ns |
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | ** | *** | ns |
中性洗涤纤维 NDF | ns | *** | ns |
非纤维性碳水化合物 NFC | ns | *** | ns |
体外30 h干物质消化率IVTDMD30 | ** | *** | ns |
体外30 h中性洗涤纤维消化率 NDFD30 | ns | * | ns |
产奶净能 NEL | ns | *** | ns |
维持净能 NEM | ns | *** | ns |
增重净能 NEG | ns | *** | ns |
相对饲养价值 RFV | * | *** | ns |
相对牧草质量 RFQ | ns | *** | ns |
产奶量 Milk production | ns | *** | ns |
表1 施肥和刈割及其交互作用对牧草品质指标的方差分析
Table 1 Analysis of variance of fertilization and mowing and their interactions on various forage quality indices
因子 Parameters | 施肥 Fertilization (F) | 刈割 Mowing (D) | 施肥×刈割 F×D |
---|---|---|---|
粗灰分 Ash | ns | ns | ns |
粗脂肪 EE | ns | *** | ns |
粗蛋白 CP | *** | *** | ns |
木质素 Lignin | ns | * | ns |
可溶性碳水化合物 WSC | ns | ** | ns |
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | ** | *** | ns |
中性洗涤纤维 NDF | ns | *** | ns |
非纤维性碳水化合物 NFC | ns | *** | ns |
体外30 h干物质消化率IVTDMD30 | ** | *** | ns |
体外30 h中性洗涤纤维消化率 NDFD30 | ns | * | ns |
产奶净能 NEL | ns | *** | ns |
维持净能 NEM | ns | *** | ns |
增重净能 NEG | ns | *** | ns |
相对饲养价值 RFV | * | *** | ns |
相对牧草质量 RFQ | ns | *** | ns |
产奶量 Milk production | ns | *** | ns |
施肥处理 Fertilization treatment | 留茬高度 Stubble height (cm) | 粗灰分 Ash | 粗脂肪 EE | 粗蛋白 CP | 木质素 Lignin | 非纤维性碳水化合物 NFC | 可溶性碳水化合物 WSC | 酸性洗涤 纤维 ADF | 中性洗涤 纤维 NDF |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
施肥 Fertilization | 3 | 5.53±0.18 | 3.71±0.16 | 15.46±0.48 | 23.72±1.54 | 7.17±0.35 | 9.23±0.75 | 29.73±0.89 | 54.06±1.82 |
6 | 4.60±0.55 | 2.99±0.10 | 14.02±0.47 | 26.54±1.47 | 6.87±0.35 | 9.19±0.55 | 31.91±1.04 | 54.33±1.25 | |
9 | 5.76±0.37 | 3.12±0.12 | 12.53±0.44 | 20.01±1.53 | 5.87±0.16 | 7.64±0.63 | 34.62±0.90 | 61.06±1.21 | |
12 | 6.02±0.55 | 2.96±0.22 | 12.70±0.96 | 22.75±2.02 | 5.85±0.43 | 7.67±0.78 | 34.13±1.42 | 58.05±1.21 | |
15 | 5.25±0.44 | 2.73±0.14 | 12.95±0.43 | 20.60±2.23 | 5.05±0.48 | 7.16±0.86 | 35.18±1.16 | 60.94±2.93 | |
ND | 5.13±0.33 | 2.86±0.13 | 12.54±0.53 | 16.92±1.64 | 4.12±0.68 | 5.49±0.79 | 37.00±1.08 | 65.03±2.20 | |
不施肥 Not fertilization | 3 | 4.64±0.35 | 3.64±0.14 | 13.14±0.05 | 26.14±1.51 | 7.63±0.19 | 8.88±0.48 | 31.06±0.42 | 54.93±1.41 |
6 | 5.28±0.40 | 3.05±0.06 | 11.44±0.64 | 25.53±1.18 | 6.92±0.47 | 8.91±0.64 | 33.97±1.03 | 57.19±0.69 | |
9 | 5.15±0.62 | 2.96±0.10 | 9.97±0.34 | 22.47±2.22 | 5.50±0.40 | 6.79±0.66 | 36.97±0.89 | 61.93±1.83 | |
12 | 7.03±1.84 | 3.03±0.04 | 9.81±0.73 | 22.13±0.61 | 4.68±0.93 | 6.07±1.05 | 37.93±1.89 | 60.47±1.71 | |
15 | 4.89±0.37 | 2.70±0.10 | 10.23±0.52 | 23.96±1.40 | 5.71±0.46 | 7.44±0.64 | 37.16±0.77 | 60.69±1.63 | |
ND | 5.29±1.08 | 3.35±0.07 | 9.57±0.33 | 17.41±2.80 | 5.44±0.41 | 6.57±0.73 | 37.39±1.05 | 66.87±2.65 | |
l.s.d0.05 | 2.04 | 0.35 | 1.50 | 0.99 | 4.90 | 0.95 | 2.03 | 3.06 |
表2 施肥和不同留茬高度处理下牧草的营养组分含量的差异性
Table 2 The difference of forage nutrient content under treatments of fertilization and different stubble height (%)
施肥处理 Fertilization treatment | 留茬高度 Stubble height (cm) | 粗灰分 Ash | 粗脂肪 EE | 粗蛋白 CP | 木质素 Lignin | 非纤维性碳水化合物 NFC | 可溶性碳水化合物 WSC | 酸性洗涤 纤维 ADF | 中性洗涤 纤维 NDF |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
施肥 Fertilization | 3 | 5.53±0.18 | 3.71±0.16 | 15.46±0.48 | 23.72±1.54 | 7.17±0.35 | 9.23±0.75 | 29.73±0.89 | 54.06±1.82 |
6 | 4.60±0.55 | 2.99±0.10 | 14.02±0.47 | 26.54±1.47 | 6.87±0.35 | 9.19±0.55 | 31.91±1.04 | 54.33±1.25 | |
9 | 5.76±0.37 | 3.12±0.12 | 12.53±0.44 | 20.01±1.53 | 5.87±0.16 | 7.64±0.63 | 34.62±0.90 | 61.06±1.21 | |
12 | 6.02±0.55 | 2.96±0.22 | 12.70±0.96 | 22.75±2.02 | 5.85±0.43 | 7.67±0.78 | 34.13±1.42 | 58.05±1.21 | |
15 | 5.25±0.44 | 2.73±0.14 | 12.95±0.43 | 20.60±2.23 | 5.05±0.48 | 7.16±0.86 | 35.18±1.16 | 60.94±2.93 | |
ND | 5.13±0.33 | 2.86±0.13 | 12.54±0.53 | 16.92±1.64 | 4.12±0.68 | 5.49±0.79 | 37.00±1.08 | 65.03±2.20 | |
不施肥 Not fertilization | 3 | 4.64±0.35 | 3.64±0.14 | 13.14±0.05 | 26.14±1.51 | 7.63±0.19 | 8.88±0.48 | 31.06±0.42 | 54.93±1.41 |
6 | 5.28±0.40 | 3.05±0.06 | 11.44±0.64 | 25.53±1.18 | 6.92±0.47 | 8.91±0.64 | 33.97±1.03 | 57.19±0.69 | |
9 | 5.15±0.62 | 2.96±0.10 | 9.97±0.34 | 22.47±2.22 | 5.50±0.40 | 6.79±0.66 | 36.97±0.89 | 61.93±1.83 | |
12 | 7.03±1.84 | 3.03±0.04 | 9.81±0.73 | 22.13±0.61 | 4.68±0.93 | 6.07±1.05 | 37.93±1.89 | 60.47±1.71 | |
15 | 4.89±0.37 | 2.70±0.10 | 10.23±0.52 | 23.96±1.40 | 5.71±0.46 | 7.44±0.64 | 37.16±0.77 | 60.69±1.63 | |
ND | 5.29±1.08 | 3.35±0.07 | 9.57±0.33 | 17.41±2.80 | 5.44±0.41 | 6.57±0.73 | 37.39±1.05 | 66.87±2.65 | |
l.s.d0.05 | 2.04 | 0.35 | 1.50 | 0.99 | 4.90 | 0.95 | 2.03 | 3.06 |
图1 施肥和不同刈割留茬高度处理下牧草矿物质磷、镁、钾和钙含量的变化l.s.d0.05表示不同处理间LSD多重比较在0.05水平上的显著性,不同处理之间平均值的差值大于该值说明处理间有显著差异(P<0.05)。PF表示牧草矿物质含量在不同施肥水平上的显著性,PD表示牧草矿物质含量在不同刈割留茬高度水平上的显著性。l.s.d0.05 indicates the significance of the multiple comparison between LSD different treatments at the 0.05 level, and the mean difference between two treatments is greater than this value, indicating that there is significant difference (P<0.05). PF indicates the significance of forage mineral content at different fertilization levels, while PD indicates the significance of forage mineral content at different stubble height levels.
Fig.1 Forage mineral contents of P, Mg, K and Ca under treatments of fertilization and different stubble height
施肥处理 Fertilization treatment | 留茬高度 Stubble height (cm) | 体外30 h干物质消化率 IVTDMD30 (%) | 体外30 h中性洗涤纤维消化率 NDFD30 (%) | 产奶净能 NEL (Mcal·kg-1) | 维持净能 NEM (Mcal·kg-1) | 增重净能 NEG (Mcal·kg-1) | 相对饲养 价值 RFV | 相对牧草 质量 RFQ | 产奶量 Milk production (kg·MT-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
施肥 Fertilization | 3 | 61.06±0.33 | 32.35±1.72 | 1.46±0.02 | 1.42±0.02 | 0.69±0.02 | 113.50±4.40 | 113.75±3.79 | 1496.75±31.49 |
6 | 61.10±1.20 | 34.10±2.96 | 1.45±0.02 | 1.38±0.02 | 0.66±0.02 | 110.00±3.71 | 107.00±3.18 | 1466.00±38.24 | |
9 | 58.56±0.88 | 33.45±1.94 | 1.32±0.02 | 1.22±0.03 | 0.50±0.03 | 94.50±2.32 | 85.25±4.55 | 1278.75±35.29 | |
12 | 60.69±1.36 | 37.21±3.75 | 1.36±0.02 | 1.28±0.03 | 0.56±0.03 | 100.00±2.79 | 95.50±5.17 | 1339.25±43.71 | |
15 | 57.65±1.86 | 32.26±3.11 | 1.32±0.04 | 1.19±0.08 | 0.47±0.08 | 94.75±5.39 | 82.50±10.78 | 1249.75±85.03 | |
ND | 53.99±1.74 | 26.86±1.62 | 1.25±0.04 | 1.09±0.06 | 0.36±0.06 | 86.25±4.32 | 68.75±7.53 | 1149.00±66.76 | |
不施肥 Not fertilization | 3 | 59.19±1.39 | 31.89±2.94 | 1.47±0.01 | 1.42±0.01 | 0.70±0.01 | 110.00±2.79 | 111.25±2.95 | 1511.25±9.80 |
6 | 57.51±1.50 | 34.07±2.11 | 1.40±0.01 | 1.32±0.01 | 0.60±0.01 | 101.50±1.19 | 98.25±2.59 | 1389.00±22.40 | |
9 | 55.37±0.80 | 35.18±2.28 | 1.34±0.02 | 1.25±0.03 | 0.53±0.03 | 90.50±3.57 | 88.25±5.02 | 1307.25±39.76 | |
12 | 57.85±2.25 | 32.90±4.16 | 1.30±0.03 | 1.21±0.03 | 0.49±0.03 | 91.50±1.65 | 87.25±5.28 | 1251.75±48.54 | |
15 | 54.94±1.27 | 33.95±1.94 | 1.35±0.02 | 1.26±0.04 | 0.54±0.04 | 92.25±2.59 | 89.50±7.35 | 1318.00±46.33 | |
ND | 51.17±1.96 | 25.32±2.44 | 1.26±0.05 | 1.10±0.06 | 0.38±0.06 | 83.50±4.29 | 69.75±7.64 | 1161.50±82.65 | |
l.s.d0.05 | 4.09 | 7.49 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 9.61 | 16.52 | 140.47 |
表3 施肥和不同留茬高度刈割处理下牧草饲喂价值的差异性
Table 3 Difference in indices of forage feeding value under treatments of fertilization and different stubble height
施肥处理 Fertilization treatment | 留茬高度 Stubble height (cm) | 体外30 h干物质消化率 IVTDMD30 (%) | 体外30 h中性洗涤纤维消化率 NDFD30 (%) | 产奶净能 NEL (Mcal·kg-1) | 维持净能 NEM (Mcal·kg-1) | 增重净能 NEG (Mcal·kg-1) | 相对饲养 价值 RFV | 相对牧草 质量 RFQ | 产奶量 Milk production (kg·MT-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
施肥 Fertilization | 3 | 61.06±0.33 | 32.35±1.72 | 1.46±0.02 | 1.42±0.02 | 0.69±0.02 | 113.50±4.40 | 113.75±3.79 | 1496.75±31.49 |
6 | 61.10±1.20 | 34.10±2.96 | 1.45±0.02 | 1.38±0.02 | 0.66±0.02 | 110.00±3.71 | 107.00±3.18 | 1466.00±38.24 | |
9 | 58.56±0.88 | 33.45±1.94 | 1.32±0.02 | 1.22±0.03 | 0.50±0.03 | 94.50±2.32 | 85.25±4.55 | 1278.75±35.29 | |
12 | 60.69±1.36 | 37.21±3.75 | 1.36±0.02 | 1.28±0.03 | 0.56±0.03 | 100.00±2.79 | 95.50±5.17 | 1339.25±43.71 | |
15 | 57.65±1.86 | 32.26±3.11 | 1.32±0.04 | 1.19±0.08 | 0.47±0.08 | 94.75±5.39 | 82.50±10.78 | 1249.75±85.03 | |
ND | 53.99±1.74 | 26.86±1.62 | 1.25±0.04 | 1.09±0.06 | 0.36±0.06 | 86.25±4.32 | 68.75±7.53 | 1149.00±66.76 | |
不施肥 Not fertilization | 3 | 59.19±1.39 | 31.89±2.94 | 1.47±0.01 | 1.42±0.01 | 0.70±0.01 | 110.00±2.79 | 111.25±2.95 | 1511.25±9.80 |
6 | 57.51±1.50 | 34.07±2.11 | 1.40±0.01 | 1.32±0.01 | 0.60±0.01 | 101.50±1.19 | 98.25±2.59 | 1389.00±22.40 | |
9 | 55.37±0.80 | 35.18±2.28 | 1.34±0.02 | 1.25±0.03 | 0.53±0.03 | 90.50±3.57 | 88.25±5.02 | 1307.25±39.76 | |
12 | 57.85±2.25 | 32.90±4.16 | 1.30±0.03 | 1.21±0.03 | 0.49±0.03 | 91.50±1.65 | 87.25±5.28 | 1251.75±48.54 | |
15 | 54.94±1.27 | 33.95±1.94 | 1.35±0.02 | 1.26±0.04 | 0.54±0.04 | 92.25±2.59 | 89.50±7.35 | 1318.00±46.33 | |
ND | 51.17±1.96 | 25.32±2.44 | 1.26±0.05 | 1.10±0.06 | 0.38±0.06 | 83.50±4.29 | 69.75±7.64 | 1161.50±82.65 | |
l.s.d0.05 | 4.09 | 7.49 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 9.61 | 16.52 | 140.47 |
留茬高度 Stubble height (cm) | 施肥 Fertilization | 不施肥 Not fertilization | 留茬高度 Stubble height (cm) | 施肥 Fertilization | 不施肥 Not fertilization |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 | 11.5±1.6 | 11.3±0.5 | 15 | 12.3±0.6 | 11.3±0.8 |
6 | 11.5±1.7 | 9.5±1.8 | ND | 7.0±1.2 | 8.0±1.3 |
9 | 8.0±1.5 | 10.5±1.6 | l.s.d0.05 | 2.3 | 1.8 |
12 | 11.0±2.6 | 12.0±1.4 |
表4 施肥和不同留茬高度刈割处理下物种丰富度的差异性
Table 4 Differences in species richness under treatments of fertilization and different stubble height (species·m-2)
留茬高度 Stubble height (cm) | 施肥 Fertilization | 不施肥 Not fertilization | 留茬高度 Stubble height (cm) | 施肥 Fertilization | 不施肥 Not fertilization |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 | 11.5±1.6 | 11.3±0.5 | 15 | 12.3±0.6 | 11.3±0.8 |
6 | 11.5±1.7 | 9.5±1.8 | ND | 7.0±1.2 | 8.0±1.3 |
9 | 8.0±1.5 | 10.5±1.6 | l.s.d0.05 | 2.3 | 1.8 |
12 | 11.0±2.6 | 12.0±1.4 |
图2 牧草品质中性洗涤纤维、非纤维性碳水化合物、Ca含量、产奶量、相对饲养价值、相对牧草价值、体外30 h干物质消化率和体外30 h中性洗涤纤维消化率与物种丰富度之间的线性关系
Fig.2 The linear relationships between forage quality of NDF, NFC, Ca, milk production, RFV, RFQ, IVTDMD30, NDFD30 and species richness
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